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Fulltext Dielectrophoresis for Biomedical Sciences Applications: A Review

Abd Rahman N, Ibrahim F, Yafouz B

Sensors (Basel), 2017 Feb 24;17(3).
PMID: 28245552 DOI: 10.3390/s17030449

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a label-free, accurate, fast, low-cost diagnostic technique that uses the principles of polarization and the motion of bioparticles in applied electric fields. This technique has been proven to be beneficial in various fields, including environmental research, polymer research, biosensors, microfluidics, medicine and diagnostics. Biomedical science research is one of the major research areas that could potentially benefit from DEP technology for diverse applications. Nevertheless, many medical science research investigations have yet to benefit from the possibilities offered by DEP. This paper critically reviews the fundamentals, recent progress, current challenges, future directions and potential applications of research investigations in the medical sciences utilizing DEP technique. This review will also act as a guide and reference for medical researchers and scientists to explore and utilize the DEP technique in their research fields.
Fulltext Optimisation of stabiliser combinations in instant ice cream mix powder formulation via mixture design methodology

Abdul Razak, S. Z., Abd. Rahman, N. A., Baharuddin, A. S., Mohd Amin, N. A., Mat Johari, A., Mohammad Parid, D.

International Food Research Journal, 2019;26(6):1689-1698.
MyJurnal

The present work aimed at obtaining the optimum combination of stabilisers used in an
instant ice cream formulation. Instant ice cream mixes were formulated using milk protein,
fat, sucrose, stabilisers, emulsifiers and water. A basic formulation for ice cream mix was
prepared according to the process flow of instant ice cream. Three different stabilisers
mixtures, which were carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), carrageenan, and sodium alginate
used in 14 formulations were studied using mixture design methodology. Physical analyses on
meltdown rate, hardness, melted ice cream viscosity, and overrun were performed. The results
were compared with those of commercial instant ice cream to determine the acceptability and
quality of the final products. From the optimisation study, the recommended combination of
stabilisers was found to be 0.151% CMC and 0.149% sodium alginate. The optimised sample
had a higher viscosity of 0.17 Pa.s than the commercial one (0.16 Pa.s), which corresponded to
higher hardness thus indicating slower melting rate, which is a good texture for ice cream. The
overrun of the optimised sample was 108.33%, which is considered high. The high amount of
air, viscosity, and hardness resulted in a low melting rate of 0.22 g/min, which is desirable for
ice cream consumption. Based on sensory evaluation, the optimised instant ice cream was the
most preferred by panellists as compared to commercial sample.
Food waste and food processing waste for biohydrogen production: a review

Yasin NH, Mumtaz T, Hassan MA, Abd Rahman N

J Environ Manage, 2013 Nov 30;130:375-85.
PMID: 24121591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.09.009

Food waste and food processing wastes which are abundant in nature and rich in carbon content can be attractive renewable substrates for sustainable biohydrogen production due to wide economic prospects in industries. Many studies utilizing common food wastes such as dining hall or restaurant waste and wastes generated from food processing industries have shown good percentages of hydrogen in gas composition, production yield and rate. The carbon composition in food waste also plays a crucial role in determining high biohydrogen yield. Physicochemical factors such as pre-treatment to seed culture, pH, temperature (mesophilic/thermophilic) and etc. are also important to ensure the dominance of hydrogen-producing bacteria in dark fermentation. This review demonstrates the potential of food waste and food processing waste for biohydrogen production and provides a brief overview of several physicochemical factors that affect biohydrogen production in dark fermentation. The economic viability of biohydrogen production from food waste is also discussed.
Fulltext 3-(2-Amino-phenyl-sulfanyl)-1,3-diphenyl-propan-1-one

Yaeghoobi M, Khaledi H, Abdullah Z, Abd Rahman N

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2011 Jul 1;67(Pt 7):o1693.
PMID: 21837090 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811022112

In the title compound, C(21)H(19)NOS, the three aromatic rings are not coplanar, the dihedral angles between them being 84.75 (7), 88.01 (8) and 8.36 (16)°. In the crystal, two types of C-H⋯ π inter-actions, one of which is weak, and N-H⋯π inter-actions link the mol-ecules into layers parallel to the ab plane.
Fulltext Tropospheric Ozone Formation Estimation in Urban City, Bangi, Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

Abdul Aziz FAB, Abd Rahman N, Mohd Ali J

Comput Intell Neurosci, 2019;2019:6252983.
PMID: 31239836 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6252983

Due to the rapid development of economy and society around the world, the most urban city is experiencing tropospheric ozone or commonly known as ground-level air pollutants. The concentration of air pollutants must be identified as an early precaution step by the local environmental or health agencies. This work aims to apply the artificial neural network (ANN) in estimating the ozone concentration forecast in Bangi. It consists of input variables such as temperature, relative humidity, concentration of nitrogen dioxide, time, UVA and UVB rays obtained from routine monitoring, and data recorded. Ten hidden layer is utilized to obtain the optimized ozone concentration, which is the output layer of the ANN framework. The finding showed that the meteorology condition and emission patterns play an important part in influencing the ozone concentration. However, a single network is sufficient enough to estimate the concentration despite any circumstances. Thus, it can be concluded that ANN is able to give reliable and satisfactory estimations of ozone concentration for the following day.
Identification of Copy Number Variation Among Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and or Without Cleft Palate With Hypodontia: A Genome-Wide Association Study

Ghazali N, Abd Rahman N, Ahmad A, Sulong S, Kannan TP

Front Physiol, 2021;12:637306.
PMID: 33732167 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.637306

Nonsyndromic cleft lip and or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) with the hypodontia is a common developmental abnormality in humans and animals. This study identified the genetic aberration involved in both NSCL/P and hypodontia pathogenesis. A cross-sectional study using genome-wide study copy number variation-targeted CytoScan 750K array carried out on salivary samples from 61 NSCL/P and 20 noncleft with and without hypodontia Malay subjects aged 7-13 years old. Copy number variations (CNVs) of SKI and fragile histidine triad (FHIT) were identified in NSCL/P and noncleft children using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as a validation analysis. Copy number calculated (CNC) for each gene determined with Applied Biosystems CopyCaller Software v2.0. The six significant CNVs included gains (12q14.3, 15q26.3, 1p36.32, and 1p36.33) and losses (3p14.2 and 4q13.2) in NSCL/P with hypodontia patients compared with the NSCL/P only. The genes located in these regions encoded LEMD3, IGF1R, TP73, SKI, FHIT, and UGT2β15. There were a significant gain and loss of both SKI and FHIT copy number in NSCL/P with hypodontia compared with the noncleft group (p < 0.05). The results supported that CNVs significantly furnish to the development of NSCL/P with hypodontia.
A retrospective analysis of the relationship between facial injury and mild traumatic brain injury

Abdul Razak N, Nordin R, Abd Rahman N, Ramli R

Dent Traumatol, 2017 Oct;33(5):400-405.
PMID: 28649703 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12355

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The association between facial injury characteristics and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the association between facial injury characteristics and mTBI.
METHODS: A retrospective review utilizing patients' medical records at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, was performed. Records of subjects with a history of facial trauma from 1 April 2012 to 31 December 2012 were selected. Various levels and surgical speciality records were reviewed to ascertain the diagnoses of facial injuries and mTBI.
RESULTS: A total of 348 medical records with the diagnosis of facial injuries were included. The prevalence of mTBI among these patients was 41.4% (95% CI 36.2-46.6). The majority of the patients with mTBI were in the age group of 18-25 years old. Patients with or without facial lacerations that were located on the lower face had a significant association with mTBI, P=.001, compared to other types of soft tissue injury. In addition, a statistically significant association was observed between facial fractures occurring to the middle face and mTBI, P=.018. Pearson chi-square test also showed statistically significant association between the severity of facial injuries and mTBI, P=.018.
CONCLUSIONS: Mild traumatic brain injury should be suspected in patients with facial injuries and particularly those with lower face lacerations, midface fractures, moderate to severe facial injury and presence of multiple injuries.
Fulltext Fusion of protegrin-1 and plectasin to MAP30 shows significant inhibition activity against dengue virus replication

Rothan HA, Bahrani H, Mohamed Z, Abd Rahman N, Yusof R

PLoS One, 2014;9(4):e94561.
PMID: 24722532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094561

Dengue virus (DENV) broadly disseminates in tropical and sub-tropical countries and there are no vaccine or anti-dengue drugs available. DENV outbreaks cause serious economic burden due to infection complications that requires special medical care and hospitalization. This study presents a new strategy for inexpensive production of anti-DENV peptide-fusion protein to prevent and/or treat DENV infection. Antiviral cationic peptides protegrin-1 (PG1) and plectasin (PLSN) were fused with MAP30 protein to produce recombinant antiviral peptide-fusion protein (PG1-MAP30-PLSN) as inclusion bodies in E. coli. High yield production of PG1-MAP30-PLSN protein was achieved by solubilization of inclusion bodies in alkaline buffer followed by the application of appropriate refolding techniques. Antiviral PG1-MAP30-PLSN protein considerably inhibited DENV protease (NS2B-NS3pro) with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) 0.5±0.1 μM. The real-time proliferation assay (RTCA) and the end-point proliferation assay (MTT assay) showed that the maximal-nontoxic dose of the peptide-fusion protein against Vero cells is approximately 0.67±0.2 μM. The cell-based assays showed considerable inhibition of the peptide-fusion protein against binding and proliferating stages of DENV2 into the target cells. The peptide-fusion protein protected DENV2-challeged mice with 100% of survival at the dose of 50 mg/kg. In conclusion, producing recombinant antiviral peptide-fusion protein by combining short antiviral peptide with a central protein owning similar activity could be useful to minimize the overall cost of short peptide production and take advantage of its synergistic antiviral activities.
Chalcones with electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents: anticancer activity against TRAIL resistant cancer cells, structure-activity relationship analysis and regulation of apoptotic proteins

Mai CW, Yaeghoobi M, Abd-Rahman N, Kang YB, Pichika MR

Eur J Med Chem, 2014 Apr 22;77:378-87.
PMID: 24675137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.002

In the present study, a series of 46 chalcones were synthesised and evaluated for antiproliferative activities against the human TRAIL-resistant breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231), cervical (HeLa), ovarian (Caov-3), lung (A549), liver (HepG2), colorectal (HT-29), nasopharyngeal (CNE-1), erythromyeloblastoid (K-562) and T-lymphoblastoid (CEM-SS) cancer cells. The chalcone 38 containing an amino (-NH2) group on ring A was the most potent and selective against cancer cells. The effects of the chalcone 38 on regulation of 43 apoptosis-related markers in HT-29 cells were determined. The results showed that 20 apoptotic markers (Bad, Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl-w, Bid, Bim, CD40, Fas, HSP27, IGF-1, IGFBP-4, IGFBP-5, Livin, p21, Survivin, sTNF-R2, TRAIL-R2, XIAP, caspase-3 and caspase-8) were either up regulated or down regulated.
Fulltext Discovery of potential anti-infectives against Staphylococcus aureus using a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model

Kong C, Yehye WA, Abd Rahman N, Tan MW, Nathan S

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2014;14:4.
PMID: 24393217 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-4

The limited antibiotic options for effective control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections has led to calls for new therapeutic approaches to combat this human pathogen. An alternative approach to control MRSA is through the use of anti-infective agents that selectively disrupt virulence-mediated pathways without affecting microbial cell viability or by modulating the host natural immune defenses to combat the pathogen.
The performance of distortion product otoacoustic emissions and automated auditory brainstem response in the same ear of the babies in neonatal unit

Abdul Wahid SN, Md Daud MK, Sidek D, Abd Rahman N, Mansor S, Zakaria MN

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2012 Sep;76(9):1366-9.
PMID: 22770594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.06.008

OBJECTIVE: To identify the outcomes of hearing screening using different protocols of both Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) and Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (AABR) tests in the same ear of the babies in a neonatal unit population.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on babies who were admitted into a neonatal unit. By using a formula of single proportion and considering 20% drop out, the number of sample required was 114. The subjects were chosen by using a systematic random sampling. The infants selected were subjected to DPOAE followed by AABR tests screening at the same setting before discharge.
RESULTS: There were 73 newborns (61.6% male and 38.4% female) participated in this study with a total of 146 ears screened. Ototoxic medication was the most common risk factor followed by hyperbilirubinaemia and low birth weight. AABR had higher passing rate (82.9%) as compared to DPOAE (77.4%). The highest passing rate was achieved if the protocol of either passed DPOAE or AABR was used (90.4%). The rate was lower when auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) has been considered (82.9%). Hyperbilirubinaemia, prematurity, craniofacial malformation and ototoxic drugs seem to be the high risk factors for auditory neuropathy.
CONCLUSION: AABR has a higher passing rate as compared to DPOAE. However, the use of both instruments in the screening process especially in NICU will be useful to determine the infants with ANSD who may need different approach to management. Therefore, a protocol in which newborns are tested with AABR first and then followed by DPOAE on those who fail the AABR is recommended.
Screening of dental staff nurses for noise induced hearing loss

Daud MK, Noh NF, Sidek DS, Abd Rahman N, Abd Rani N, Zakaria MN

B-ENT, 2011;7(4):245-9.
PMID: 22338236

The effect of noise on employees of dental clinics is debatable. The purposes of this study were to determine the intensity and frequency components of dental instruments used by dental staff nurses and the prevalence of noise induced hearing loss.
Mutation detection in GJB2 gene among Malays with non-syndromic hearing loss

Zainal SA, Md Daud MK, Abd Rahman N, Zainuddin Z, Alwi Z

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2012 Aug;76(8):1175-9.
PMID: 22613756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.04.027

To identify the mutations in the GJB2 gene and to determine its association with non-syndromic hearing loss in Malays.
Fragment-based molecular design of new competitive dengue Den2 Ns2b/Ns3 inhibitors from the components of fingerroot (Boesenbergia rotunda)

Frimayanti N, Zain SM, Lee VS, Wahab HA, Yusof R, Abd Rahman N

In Silico Biol. (Gedrukt), 2011;11(1-2):29-37.
PMID: 22475750 DOI: 10.3233/ISB-2012-0442

Publication year=2011-2012
Investigation on thermochemical behaviour of low rank Malaysian coal, oil palm biomass and their blends during pyrolysis via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)

Idris SS, Abd Rahman N, Ismail K, Alias AB, Abd Rashid Z, Aris MJ

Bioresour Technol, 2010 Jun;101(12):4584-92.
PMID: 20153633 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.059

This study aims to investigate the behaviour of Malaysian sub-bituminous coal (Mukah Balingian), oil palm biomass (empty fruit bunches (EFB), kernel shell (PKS) and mesocarp fibre (PMF)) and their respective blends during pyrolysis using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The coal/palm biomass blends were prepared at six different weight ratios and experiments were carried out under dynamic conditions using nitrogen as inert gas at various heating rates to ramp the temperature from 25 degrees C to 900 degrees C. The derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) results show that thermal decomposition of EFB, PMF and PKS exhibit one, two and three distinct evolution profiles, respectively. Apparently, the thermal profiles of the coal/oil palm biomass blends appear to correlate with the percentage of biomass added in the blends, thus, suggesting lack of interaction between the coal and palm biomass. First-order reaction model were used to determine the kinetics parameters for the pyrolysis of coal, palm biomass and their respective blends.
Gender differences in coping skills of parents with hearing-impaired children

Md Daud MK, Noor SS, Yusoff MN, Abd Rahman N, Zakaria MN

B-ENT, 2013;9(4):319-23.
PMID: 24597108

To assess differences between the coping strategies of the mothers and fathers with hearing-impaired children.
Fulltext A heuristic ranking approach on capacity benefit margin determination using Pareto-based evolutionary programming technique

Othman MM, Abd Rahman N, Musirin I, Fotuhi-Firuzabad M, Rajabi-Ghahnavieh A

ScientificWorldJournal, 2015;2015:731013.
PMID: 25879068 DOI: 10.1155/2015/731013

This paper introduces a novel multiobjective approach for capacity benefit margin (CBM) assessment taking into account tie-line reliability of interconnected systems. CBM is the imperative information utilized as a reference by the load-serving entities (LSE) to estimate a certain margin of transfer capability so that a reliable access to generation through interconnected system could be attained. A new Pareto-based evolutionary programming (EP) technique is used to perform a simultaneous determination of CBM for all areas of the interconnected system. The selection of CBM at the Pareto optimal front is proposed to be performed by referring to a heuristic ranking index that takes into account system loss of load expectation (LOLE) in various conditions. Eventually, the power transfer based available transfer capability (ATC) is determined by considering the firm and nonfirm transfers of CBM. A comprehensive set of numerical studies are conducted on the modified IEEE-RTS79 and the performance of the proposed method is numerically investigated in detail. The main advantage of the proposed technique is in terms of flexibility offered to an independent system operator in selecting an appropriate solution of CBM simultaneously for all areas.
Intraoral appliances for in situ oral biofilm growth: a systematic review

Abdullah N, Al-Marzooq F, Mohamad S, Abd Rahman N, Chi Ngo H, Perera Samaranayake L

J Oral Microbiol, 2019;11(1):1647757.
PMID: 31489127 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1647757

Background: Oral biofilms are the root cause of major oral diseases. As in vitro biofilms are not representative of the intraoral milieu, various devices have been manufactured over the years to develop Appliance Grown Oral Biofilm (AGOB). Objective: To review various intraoral appliances used to develop AGOB for microbiological analysis, and to judge the optimal means for such analyses. Design: Four databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Medline) were searched by two independent reviewers, and articles featuring the key words 'device' OR 'splint' OR 'appliance'; 'Oral biofilm' OR 'dental plaque'; 'in vivo' OR 'in situ'; 'Microbiology' OR 'Bacteria' OR 'microbiome'; were included. The standard Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) were adopted for data gathering. Results: Of the 517 articles which met the initial inclusion criteria, 24 were deemed eligible for review. The age of the AGOB, sampled at various intervals, ranged from 30 min to 28 days. The most commonly used microbiome analytical methods were fluorescence microscopy, total cell count using conventional, and molecular tools including Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) platforms. Conclusions: No uniformly superior method for collecting AGOB could be discerned. NGS platforms are preferable for AGOB analyses.
Myofibroblastoma of the breast

Shanmugasiva VV, Ramli Hamid MT, Fadzli F, Shaleen Kaur KS, Abd Rahman N, Rahmat K

Malays J Pathol, 2018 Dec;40(3):349-353.
PMID: 30580368

INTRODUCTION: Myofibroblastoma is a rare benign mesenchymal tumour arising from the stromal elements of the breast tissue. Histopathological variants such as classic, cellular, collagenous / fibrous, lipomatous, infiltrative, myxoid and epithelioid have been identified. Most myofibroblastomas are immunoreactive for CD34, actin, CD10 and desmin, usually express oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and variably express androgen receptor (AR).
CASE REPORT: We report a case of myofibroblastoma in an octogenarian male presenting with painless solitary breast lump. Mammography (digital tomosynthesis) and ultrasound showed a well-circumscribed hyperdense mass and hypoechoic, solid, oval mass with peripheral vascularity respectively. Patient underwent wide local excision.
DISCUSSION: Diverse characteristics of myofibroblastoma on imaging necessitates histopathological analysis for an accurate diagnosis. Myofibroblastoma are often confused with fibroadenomas due to the benign imaging characteristics and with malignant neoplasia due to their wide morphological spectrum. Surgical excision is considered curative.
Early Detection of High-frequency Presbycusis Among Normal Hearing Individuals

Aziz A, Md Daud MK, Nik Othman NA, Abd Rahman N

Otol Neurotol, 2020 09;41(8):e989-e992.
PMID: 32472918 DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000002725

BACKGROUND: Presbycusis is an age-related sensorineural hearing loss and it may reduce quality of life. We conducted a study to establish the prevalence of high-frequency presbycusis in normal hearing individuals and to validate the role of extended high-frequency distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) in the screening.
METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 205 normal hearing adult participants with an age range between 25 and 54 years old. Hearing analysis with extended high-frequency pure-tone audiometry (PTA) and high-frequency DPOAE was carried out for all eligible participants. High-frequency presbycusis was considered to be present when the impairment of more than 25 dB occurs at higher than 8 kHz frequencies on both ears.
RESULTS: Prevalence of high-frequency presbycusis using extended PTA was 31.7 (95% CI: 25.3, 38.1) and using high-frequency DPOAE was 57.4 (95% CI: 50.7, 64.4). The sensitivity and specificity of high-frequency DPOAE in detecting high-frequency presbycusis were 72.3 and 49.3% respectively with positive predictive value of 39.8% and negative predictive value of 79.3%. The association between age and high-frequency presbycusis was significant based on high-frequency DPOAE (p = 0.029).
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of high-frequency hearing loss is higher with increasing in age. High-frequency DPOAE may be used as a screening tool followed by confirmation using extended PTA. The early detection of presbycusis is important so that measures can be taken to prevent more severe problems developing.

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