MyMedR

Antioxidant Potential and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory Activity of Orotic Acid-Loaded Gum Arabic Nanoparticles

Hassani A, Hussain SA, Abdullah N, Kamarudin S, Rosli R

AAPS PharmSciTech, 2019 Jan 07;20(2):53.

PMID: 30617521 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1238-2

Orotic acid (OA) nanoparticles were prepared using the freeze-drying method. The antihypertensive activity and antioxidant capacity of OA and orotic acid-loaded gum arabic nanoparticles (OAGANPs) were examined using the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), and β-carotene assays, as well as the quantification of total phenolic content (TPC). The DPPH and NO scavenging activities of OAGANPs were significantly higher than those of the OA solution. The β-carotene bleaching assay of OAGANPs showed a dose-dependent trend, while 500 μg/ml was significantly more effective than the other concentrations, which exerted 63.4% of the antioxidant activity. The in vitro antihypertensive assay revealed that the OAGANPs exhibited the most potent ACE inhibition activity, when compared to the OA solution. Hence, results revealed the potential of preparing the OA as a nanoparticle formulation in enhancing the antioxidant and antihypertensive properties compared to the OA solution.

Fulltext Brain proteomics links oxidative stress with metabolic and cellular stress response proteins in behavioural alteration of Alzheimer's disease model rats

Rahman MA, Hossain S, Abdullah N, Aminudin N

AIMS Neurosci, 2019;6(4):299-315.

PMID: 32341985 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2019.4.299

Alzheimer's disease (AD) impairs memory and learning related behavioural performances of the affected person. Compared with the controls, memory and learning related behavioural performances of the AD model rats followed by hippocampal proteomics had been observed in the present study. In the eight armed radial maze, altered performance of the AD rats had been observed. Using liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), 822 proteins had been identified with protein threshold at 95.0%, minimum peptide of 2 and peptide threshold at 0.1% FDR. Among them, 329 proteins were differentially expressed with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Among the significantly regulated (P < 0.05) 329 proteins, 289 met the criteria of fold change (LogFC of 1.5) cut off value. Number of proteins linked with AD, oxidative stress (OS) and hypercholesterolemia was 59, 20 and 12, respectively. Number of commonly expressed proteins was 361. The highest amount of proteins differentially expressed in the AD rats were those involved in metabolic processes followed by those linked with OS. Most notable was the perturbed state of the cholesterol metabolizing proteins in the AD group. Current findings suggest that proteins associated with oxidative stress, glucose and cholesterol metabolism and cellular stress response are among the mostly affected proteins in AD subjects. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches targeting these proteins could be strategized to withstand the ever increasing global AD burden.

Recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery: a critical appraisal

Hisham AN, Lukman MR

ANZ J Surg, 2002 Dec;72(12):887-9.

PMID: 12485227 DOI: 10.1046/j.1445-2197.2002.02578.x

BACKGROUND: Identification and preservation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is of major concern in surgery of the thyroid gland. The purpose of this study was to review the surgical anatomy of the nerve and to describe its relationship to other important structures.
METHODS: A total of 325 patients were accrued in this prospective non-randomized study from January 1999 to December 2000. All patients who had total, subtotal and hemithyroidectomies were included in this study. Each side of the thyroid gland was considered as a separate unit in the analysis of the results.
RESULTS: Two hundred and seventy-six patients had thyroidectomies as their primary operation, while 49 patients had them as a reoperative procedure. There were 276 women and 46 men (6:1 female to male ratio) with a mean age of 43.1 years (range: 10-84 years). The total number of dissections was 502. The RLN was clearly identified in 491 (97.8%) dissections: single trunk in 323 dissections (65.8%), two extralaryngeal branches in 164 dissections (33.4%), and three extralaryngeal branches in three dissections (0.6%). One non-recurrent laryngeal nerve was encountered (0.2%) in the series. The proximity of the RLN to the inferior thyroid artery (ITA) was noted in 444 (90.4%) dissections: 372 (83.8%) nerves were described to be posterior and intertwined between the branches of the ITA, and in 72 (16.2%) RLNs, they were observed to be anterior to the ITA. The close association of RLN to an enlarged tubercle of Zuckerkandl was documented in 381 dissections (73.7%). A total of 231 RLNs (60.8%) was seen in the tracheoesophageal groove, 18 (4.9%) nerves were observed to be lateral to the trachea, and in 109 (28.3%), they were posterior in location. Of concern in 23 (6.0%) dissections the RLN was on the anterior surface of the thyroid gland, which is at highest risk of injury before curving down to pass behind the tubercle of Zuckerkandl. It appears that the anterior course of the RLN was seen more often in the reoperative procedures to the thyroid gland (20%).
CONCLUSIONS: Although various methods of localizing the RLN have been described, surgeons should be aware of the variations and have a thorough knowledge of normal anatomy in order to achieve a high standard of care. This will ensure the integrity and safety of the RLN in thyroid surgery. The anatomical variation may be minor in degree, but is of great importance as it may affect the outcome of the surgery and the patient's quality of life.

A reappraisal of thyroid surgery under local anaesthesia: back to the future?

Hisham AN, Aina EN

ANZ J Surg, 2002 Apr;72(4):287-9.

PMID: 11982518 DOI: 10.1046/j.1445-2197.2002.02372.x

BACKGROUND: Thyroid surgery is usually performed under general anaesthesia. However, for a selected group of patients, local anaesthesia may be preferable. The aim of this study was to review the authors' experiences with local anaesthesia with regard to the safety and outcome of this approach.
METHODS: A total of 65 consecutive patients who underwent primary thyroid surgery were accrued prospectively into this study from May to December 1999. A field block with 0.5% bupivacaine and adrenaline in 1:200 000 dilutions was given in all cases. In addition, light sedative and narcotics were given as necessary to achieve patient comfort and cooperation. The pain experienced during surgery was recorded using a visual analogue scoring system on a scale of 1-10.
RESULTS: Unilateral thyroid resection was performed in 58 patients, isthmectomy in four patients and bilateral thyroid resection in three patients, two of which were in their second trimester of pregnancy diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer. There were 55 women and 10 men with an average age of 38.2 years (range: 18-67 years). No conversion to general anaesthetic was needed, and the mean operating time was 80 min. The postoperative recovery was quick with this technique and, of interest, 22 (33.9%) patients were discharged within 6 h following the surgery. Overall 62 (95.4%) patients were discharged in the first 24 h and three (4.6%) patients after 24 h. There were no significant postoperative complications encountered except for wound infection in two (3.1%) patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Thyroid surgery under local anaesthesia can be performed safely in a selected group of patients. It offers an effective alternative approach to general anaesthesia and is associated with low morbidity and high levels of patient satisfaction.

Mapping timely access to emergency and essential surgical services: The Malaysian experience

Hoh SM, Wahab MYA, Hisham AN, Guest GD, Watters DAK

ANZ J Surg, 2021 Jun 01.

PMID: 34075677 DOI: 10.1111/ans.16986

BACKGROUND: Surgical conditions form a significant proportion of the global burden of disease. Since the 2015 World Health Assembly resolution A68.15, there is recognition that the provision of essential surgical care is an integral part of universal access to health care. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery proposed its first surgical indicator to measure a population's access to the Bellwether procedures (laparotomy, caesarean section and treatment of open fracture) within two hours. Bellwether access is a proxy for emergency and essential surgical care. This project aims to map essential surgical access to the Bellwether procedures in Malaysia.

METHODS: The location and capability of hospitals to perform the Bellwether procedures was obtained from the Ministry of Health (MoH) and MoH hospital specific websites. The Malaysian population data were retrieved from the national department of statistics. Times for patients to travel to hospital were calculated by combining manual contouring and geospatial mapping.

RESULTS: There were 49 Bellwether-capable MoH hospitals serving a national population of 32.5 million. Overall 94% of Malaysia's population have access to the Bellwethers within two hours. This coverage is universal in West (Peninsular) Malaysia, but there is only 73% coverage in East Malaysia, with 1.8 million residents of Sabah and Sarawak not having timely access. Malaysia's Bellwether capacity compares well with other countries in World Health Organisation's Western Pacific region.

CONCLUSION: There is good access to essential and emergency surgical services in Malaysia. The incomplete access for 1.8 million people in East Malaysia will inform national surgical planning.

Fulltext Characterisation of oil palm frond for bio-oil production

Omar, N.N., Abdullah, N., Mustafa, I.S., Sulaiman, F.

ASM Science Journal, 2018;11(1):9-22.

MyJurnal

Oil palm frond is known to be the largest contributor to the oil palm residues, providing
up to 50.3% of the total residues. Since it has a very limited utility, an initiative was taken
by this study to investigate its suitability for bio-oil production. Hence, slow pyrolysis was
conducted in an experimental setup equipped with a fixed bed reactor and a liquid collection
system. From the experiments, the effect of reaction temperature on the bio-oil yield was
examined. The characteristics of the obtained bio-oil were also investigated to study its
potential as a substitute of phenol. It was found that at reaction temperature of 375oC,
highest yield of bio-oil was obtained at 38.4 wt%. Meanwhile, the characteristics of oil palm
frond and its bio-oil were found to be approximately similar to the characteristics of typical
softwoods and their bio-oil. Most softwood biomass has been successfully used as a phenol
substitute. Therefore, the potential of this bio-oil to be used as a phenol substitute was
enhanced.

Fulltext Bis(4-hy-droxy-benzoato-κO,O')bis-(pyridine-κN)copper(II)

Ozair LN, Abdullah N, Lo KM

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2011 Jul 1;67(Pt 7):m952.

PMID: 21836933 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811023038

In the title compound, [Cu(C(7)H(5)O(3))(2)(C(5)H(5)N)(2)], the Cu atom is located on an inversion center and is coordinated by the N atoms of the two pyridine ligands, trans to each other, and to the carboxyl-ate O atoms of two bidentate 4-hy-droxy-benzoate ligands [Cu-O = 1.9706 (10) and 2.5204 (11) Å]. Hydrogen bonding between hy-droxy H and carboxyl-ate O atoms results in a layer structure parallel to the ab plane.

Fulltext Bis(μ-hexa-deca-noato-κO:O)bis-[(2,2'-bipyridine-κN,N')(hexa-deca-noato-κO)copper(II)] methanol disolvate

Che Mat AN, Abdullah N, Khaledi H, Tee JT

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2011 May 1;67(Pt 5):m599-600.

PMID: 21754319 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811013559

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Cu(2)(C(16)H(31)O(2))(4)(C(10)H(8)N(2))(2)]·2CH(3)OH, contains one half-mol-ecule of the metal complex solvated by a methanol mol-ecule. In the complex, two of the metal atoms are doubly bridged by two monodentate bridging hexa-deca-noate ligands around a center of inversion. The square-pyramidal geometry around each Cu(II) ion is completed by a terminal hexa-deca-noate O atom and two N atoms from a 2,2'-bipyridine ligand. The alkyl chains of the carboxyl-ate ligands are arranged in a parallel manner with an all-trans conformation. In the crystal, a π-π inter-action formed by the bipyridine rings [centroid-centroid separation = 3.7723 (17) Å] and inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the complex mol-ecules into infinite chains along the b axis. An O-H⋯O interaction between the methanol solvate and one of the carboxylate O atoms is also observed.

Fulltext Diaqua-(1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane-κN,N,N,N)copper(II) didodeca-noate dihydrate

Ahmad Tajidi NS, Abdullah N, Arifin Z

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2011 May 1;67(Pt 5):m588-9.

PMID: 21754311 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811012773

The title compound, [Cu(C(10)H(24)N(4))(H(2)O)(2)][CH(3)(CH(2))(10)CO(2)](2)·2H(2)O, consists of one cationic copper(II) complex, two dodeca-noate anions and two water solvent mol-ecules. The Cu(II) atom is located on an inversion center and is chelated by the four aza N atoms of the neutral 1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane (cyclam) ligand and by two water mol-ecules in axial positions, giving an octa-hedral coordination geometry, distorted as a consequence of the Jahn-Teller effect. The uncoordinated water mol-ecules link the complex cations and the dodeca-noate counter-ions through O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding, forming a layer structure parallel to (001). Inter-molecular N-H⋯O inter-actions also occur.

Fulltext 4,4',6,6'-Tetra-tert-butyl-2,2'-[butane-1,4-diylbis(nitrilo-methanylyl-idene)]diphenol

Tee JT, Abdullah N, Khaledi H

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2011 Nov;67(Pt 11):o2954.

PMID: 22219980 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811041614

The title compound, C(34)H(52)N(2)O(2), is centrosymmetric, the mid-point of the central C-C bond being located on an inversion centre. Intra-molecular O-H⋯N and weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed, but no significant inter-molecular inter-actions occur in the crystal structure.

Fulltext Diaqua-(1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane-κN,N,N,N)copper(II) bis-(4-methyl-benzoate) monohydrate

Ahmad Tajidi NS, Abdullah N, Arifin Z, Tan KW, Ng SW

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010;66(Pt 8):m890.

PMID: 21588135 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810026012

The Cu(II) atom in the title salt, [Cu(C(10)H(24)N(4))(H(2)O)(2)](C(8)H(7)O(2))(2)·H(2)O, is chelated by the four N atoms of the 1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane (cyclam) ligand and is coordinated by two water mol-ecules in a Jahn-Teller-type of tetra-gonally distorted octa-hedral geometry. The cations, anions and lattice water mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form a layer structure parallel to (001).

Fulltext Diaqua-(1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane-κN,N,N,N)copper(II) bis-(2,3,4,5,6-penta-fluoro-benzoate) dihydrate

Ahmad Tajidi NS, Abdullah N, Arifin Z, Tan KW, Ng SW

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010;66(Pt 8):m889.

PMID: 21588134 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810025705

The Cu(II) atom in the title salt, [Cu(C(10)H(24)N(4))(H(2)O)(2)](C(6)F(5)CO(2))(2)·2H(2)O, is chelated by the four N atoms of the 1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane (cyclam) ligand and is coordinated by two water mol-ecules in a Jahn-Teller-type tetra-gonally distorted octa-hedral geometry. The Cu(II) atom lies on a center of inversion. The cations, anions and uncoordinated water mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a layer structure parallel to (001).

Fulltext Diaqua-(1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane-κN,N,N,N)copper(II) dideca-noate dihydrate

Ahmad Tajidi NS, Abdullah N, Arifin Z, Tan KW, Ng SW

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010;66(Pt 8):m888.

PMID: 21588133 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810025699

The Cu(II) atom in the title salt, [Cu(C(10)H(24)N(4))(H(2)O)(2)][CH(3)(CH(2))(8)CO(2)](2)·2H(2)O, is chelated by the four N atoms of the 1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane (cyclam) ligand and is coordinated by two water mol-ecules in a Jahn-Teller-type tetra-gonally distorted octa-hedral geometry. The Cu(II) atom lies on a center of inversion. The cations, anions and uncoordinated water mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a layer structure parallel to (001).

Fulltext Diaqua-(1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane-κN,N,N,N)copper(II) dihepta-noate dihydrate

Ahmad Tajidi NS, Abdullah N, Arifin Z, Tan KW, Ng SW

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010;66(Pt 8):m887.

PMID: 21588132 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810025687

The Cu(II) atom in the title salt, [Cu(C(10)H(24)N(4))(H(2)O)(2)][CH(3)(CH(2))(5)CO(2)](2)·2H(2)O, is chelated by the four N atoms of the 1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane (cyclam) ligand and is coordinated by two water mol-ecules in a tetra-gonally Jahn-Teller-distorted octa-hedral geometry. The Cu(II) atom lies on a center of inversion. The cations, anions and uncoordinated water mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a layer structure parallel to (100). The alkyl chain of the anion is disordered over two positions in a 0.82 (1):0.18 (1) ratio.

Fulltext Aqua-(2,2'-bipyridine-κN,N')bis-(4-iodo-benzoato-κO)copper(II)

Mohamadin MI, Abdullah N, Lo KM, Ng SW

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010;66(Pt 12):m1530.

PMID: 21589230 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810044995

The Cu(II) atom in the title compound, [Cu(C(7)H(4)IO(2))(2)(C(10)H(8)N(2))(H(2)O)], is N,N'-chelated by a 2,2'-bipyridine ligand and is coordinated by two monodentate carboxyl-ate ions and a water mol-ecule in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. The apical site is occupied by one of the carboxyl-ate O atoms. The water mol-ecule forms intra-molecular hydrogen bonds to the uncoordinated carboxyl O atoms. The crystal studied was a nonmerohedral twin with minor components in 0.381 (3) and 0.108 (2) proportions.

Fulltext {6,6'-Dibromo-4,4'-dichloro-2,2'-[o-phenyl-enebis(nitrilo-methyl-idyne)]diphenolato}nickel(II)

Ali A, Abdullah N, Maah MJ, Lo KM

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010;66(Pt 4):m458.

PMID: 21580544 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810010949

In the title complex, [Ni(C(20)H(10)Br(2)Cl(2)N(2)O(2))], the Ni(II) ion is coordinated by two phen-oxy O atoms and two imino N atoms of the tetradentate ligand, forming a slightly distorted square-planar environment. The mol-ecule is essentially planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.088 Å for the mean plane defined by all non-H atoms in the mol-ecule.

Fulltext Aqua-(2,2'-bipyridine-κN,N')(3,5-dinitro-benzoato-κO)copper(II) tetra-hydro-furan monosolvate

Abdullah N, Mohamadin MI, Safwan AP, Tiekink ER

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010;66(Pt 9):m1055-6.

PMID: 21588481 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810030436

The title complex, [Cu(C(7)H(3)N(2)O(6))(2)(C(10)H(8)N(2))(H(2)O)]·C(4)H(8)O, features a penta-coordinate Cu(II) atom bound by two monodentate carboxyl-ate ligands, a bidentate 2,2'-bipyridine mol-ecule [dihedral angle between pyridine rings = 5.0 (2)°] and a water mol-ecule. The resulting N(2)O(3) donor set defines a distorted square-pyramidal geometry with the coordinated water mol-ecule in the apical position. In the crystal, the presence of O-H(w)⋯O(c) (w = water and c = carbon-yl) hydrogen bonding leads to the formation of a supra-molecular chain propagating along the c axis, which associates into a double chain via C-H⋯ O and π-π contacts between pyridyl rings [centroid-centroid distance = 3.527 (3) Å]. The solvent mol-ecules, which are disordered over two orientations in a 0.678 (11):0.322 (11) ratio, occupy voids defined by the complex mol-ecules and are held in place via C-H⋯O inter-actions.

Fulltext 2,2'-[Nonane-1,9-diylbis(nitrilo-methyl-idyne)]diphenol

Abdullah N, Lo KM, Tajuddin HA, Tee JT, Ng SW

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2008;64(Pt 12):o2494.

PMID: 21581455 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536808039858

In the title Schiff base compound, C(23)H(30)N(2)O(2), the complete mol-ecule is generated by crystallographic twofold symmetry, with one C atom lying on the rotation axis. The nonane chain adopts a linear conformation and the hydr-oxy group forms an intra-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bond to the imine group.

Fulltext Tetra-kis(μ(2)-2,2-dimethyl-propanoato-κO,O')bis-[(pyridine-κN)copper(II)]: a monoclinic polymorph

Ozair LN, Abdullah N, Khaledi H, Tiekink ER

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010 Apr 30;66(Pt 5):m589-90.

PMID: 21579064 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810015060

The structure of the dinuclear title complex, [Cu(2)(C(5)H(9)O(2))(4)(C(5)H(5)N)(2)], represents a monoclinic polymorph of the previously reported triclinic form [Blewett et al. (2006 ▶). Acta Cryst. E62, m420-m422]. Each carboxyl-ate group is bidentate bridging and the distorted octa-hedral geometry about each Cu(II) atom is completed by a pyridine N atom and the other Cu atom [Cu⋯Cu = 2.6139 (7) Å]. In the crystal, mol-ecules are connected into supra-molecular chains via π-π inter-actions formed by the pyridine rings [centroid-centroid distance = 3.552 (3) Å] and these are connected into a two-dimensional array in the ac plane by C-H⋯π contacts. One of the tert-butyl groups is disordered over two orientations in a 0.734 (6):0.266 (6) ratio.

Renal denervation restores the baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate in Wistar-Kyoto rats with cisplatin-induced renal failure

Khan SA, Sattar MA, Rathore HA, Abdulla MH, Ud Din Ahmad F, Ahmad A, et al.

Acta Physiol (Oxf), 2014 Mar;210(3):690-700.

PMID: 24438102 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12237

There is evidence that in chronic renal failure, the sympathetic nervous system is activated. This study investigated the role of the renal innervation in suppressing high- and low-pressure baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate in cisplatin-induced renal failure.

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