METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 65 stroke survivors with UL dysfunction (mean (SD) age = 64.83 (8.05) years, mean (SD) post-stroke duration 41.62 (35.24) months) who attended community-based rehabilitation program. Upper limb functionality was assessed using the UL items of Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale (SSQOL), the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale and the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT). The stroke survivors' performance in completing JTHFT using their affected dominant hand was compared with standard norms.
RESULTS: The three most affected UL daily living tasks were writing (64.7%, n=42), opening a jar (63.1%, n=41) and putting on socks (58.5%, n=38). As for IADL, the mean (SD) score of Lawton scale was 3.26 (2.41), with more than 50% unable to handle finance, do the laundry and prepare meals for themselves. Performances of stroke survivors were much slower than normal population in all tasks of JTHFT (p<0.05), with largest speed difference demonstrated for 'stacking objects' task (mean difference 43.24 secs (p=0.003) and 24.57 (p<0.001) in males and females, respectively.
CONCLUSION: UL functions are significantly impaired among stroke survivors despite undergoing rehabilitation. Rehabilitation professionals should prioritize highly problematic tasks when retraining UL for greater post-stroke functionality.
METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 269 older persons with diabetes in all government health clinics in Kuantan using Diabetes Quality of Life questionnaire. SPSS version 23 was used for the statistical analysis.
RESULTS: Majority of the respondents were females (61%), Malays (84.8%), pensioners (54.3%) with education up to primary school (52%) and are staying with family members (93.7%). Most of the patients were on two antidiabetic agents (48%) followed by a single antidiabetic agent (32%). Despite the risk of hypoglycaemia, 0.4% of them are on glibenclamide. The use of insulin is still common among 21% of them that are on intermediate-acting insulin, 15.6% on premixed insulin and 7.8% on short-acting insulin. Those taking a higher number of antidiabetic agents were found to be associated with poorer quality of life (p=0.001) compared to those taking one or two antidiabetic medications. Those on insulin also have significantly poorer quality of life score (p=0.012).
CONCLUSION: Despite aiming for controlled diabetes, older persons suffer poor quality of life with further intensification of their antidiabetic medications according to the guidelines. This includes the complexity of insulin usage and polypharmacy, which contribute to the low quality of life score.
METHODS: Retrospective review of 119 consecutive paediatric patients referred for 18F-FDG-PET/CT at the Department of Nuclear Medicine of the National Cancer Institute, Putrajaya. All had DRE and underwent evaluation at the Paediatric Institute, Hospital Kuala Lumpur. Visually detected areas of 18F-FDG-PET/CT hypometabolism were correlated with clinical, MRI and VEM findings.
RESULTS: Hypometabolism was detected in 102/119 (86%) 18FFDG- PET/CT scans. The pattern of hypometabolism in 73 patients with normal MRI was focal unilobar in 16/73 (22%), multilobar unilateral in 8/73 (11%), bilateral in 27/73 (37%) and global in 5/73 (7%) of patients; whilst 17/73 (23%) showed normal metabolism. In 46 patients with lesions on MRI, 18F-FDG-PET/CT showed concordant localisation and lateralization of the EF in 30/46 (65%) patients, and bilateral or widespread hypometabolism in the rest. Addition of 18FFDG PET/CT impacted decision making in 66/119 (55%) of patients; 24/73 with non-lesional and 30/46 patients with lesional epilepsies were recommended for surgery or further surgical work up, whilst surgery was not recommended in 11/46 patients with lesional epilepsy due to bilateral or widespread hypometabolism. 25 patients subsequently underwent epilepsy surgery, with 16/25 becoming seizure free following surgery.
CONCLUSION: 18F-FDG-PET/CT has an added benefit for the localization and lateralization of EF, particularly in patients with normal or inconclusive MRI.