Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 47 in total

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  1. Engkasan JP, Hasnan N, Mohd Yusuf Y, Abdul Latif L
    Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 2017 02;96(2 Suppl 1):S90-S92.
    PMID: 28059888 DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000598
  2. Levack WMM, Engkasan JP, Heinemann AW, Negrini S
    Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 2019 Dec 16.
    PMID: 31850906 DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000001368
    OBJECTIVE: We examined and appraised the CONSORT 2010 Statement and its extension from the perspective of the reporting of comparison groups (i.e., interventions or control conditions against which an experimental intervention is compared) in clinical trials on rehabilitation topics.

    DESIGN: We downloaded the CONSORT 2010 Statement and all endorsed and unofficial extensions reported on the CONSORT and EQUATOR websites. We extracted all statements on the selection, design, delivery or interpretation of data from comparison groups in clinical trials. We discussed preliminary findings during the Cochrane Rehabilitation Methodology Meeting in Kobe, then further by email before finalizing results.

    RESULTS: We identified 24 standards reported across the CONSORT 2010 Statement and ten extensions. Overall, these standards address many, but not all, issues related to reporting of comparison groups in rehabilitation trials.

    CONCLUSION: We recommend that additional standards be created for the selection of types of comparisons, choices around reporting of "usual care", reporting of intended "mechanisms of control", and reporting a rationale for the hypothesized superiority of one intervention over another when superiority trial design are used. Rehabilitation research would benefit from development of a specific checklist and guidelines to help researchers make best use of existing extensions.

  3. Annaswamy TM, Rizzo JR, Schnappinger A, Morgenroth DC, Engkasan JP, Ilieva E, et al.
    Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 2022 Jul 01;101(7 Suppl 1):S40-S44.
    PMID: 33852491 DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000001752
    Although the physiatric community increasingly embraces evidence-based medicine (EBM), the current state of EBM training for trainees in physiatry is unclear. The purposes of this article are to report the results of the Association of Academic Physiatrists' surveys of physiatry residency programs in the United States, to discuss the implications of their findings, and to better delineate the "baseline" upon which sound and clear recommendations for systematic EBM training can be made. The two Association of Academic Physiatrists surveys of US physiatry residency programs reveal that most survey respondents report that they include EBM training in their programs that covers the five recommended steps of EBM core competencies. However, although most respondents reported using traditional pedagogic methods of training such as journal club, very few reported that their EBM training used a structured and systematic approach. Future work is needed to support and facilitate physiatry residency programs interested in adopting structured EBM training curricula that include recommended EBM core competencies and the evaluation of their impact.
  4. Pattanakuhar S, Ahmedy F, Setiono S, Engkasan JP, Strøm V, Kovindha A
    Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 2023 Mar 01;102(3):214-221.
    PMID: 35700141 DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000002066
    BACKGROUND: The impact of bladder care and urinary complications on quality of life in persons with spinal cord injury who have neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction has not been elucidated, especially in those living in low-resource countries.

    METHODS: This multinational cross-sectional survey was conducted in rehabilitation facilities in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. Community-dwelling adults with traumatic or nontraumatic spinal cord injury participating in the International Spinal Cord Injury Community Survey from 2017 to 2018 were enrolled. Data regarding bladder management/care, presence of bladder dysfunction, urinary tract infection, and quality of life score were extracted from the International Spinal Cord Injury Community Survey questionnaire. The impact of bladder care and urinary complications on quality of life was determined using univariable and multivariable regression analysis.

    RESULTS: Questionnaires from 770 adults were recruited for analysis. After adjusting for all demographic and spinal cord injury-related data, secondary conditions, as well as activity and participation factors, urinary tract infection was an independent negative predictive factor of quality of life score ( P = 0.007, unstandardized coefficients = -4.563, multivariable linear regression analysis, enter method).

    CONCLUSIONS: Among bladder care and urinary complication factors, urinary tract infection is the only factor negatively impacting quality of life. These results address the importance of proper bladder management and urinary tract infection prevention in persons with spinal cord injury to improve their quality of life.

  5. Kammuang-Lue P, Pattanakuhar S, Engkasan JP, Wahyuni LK, Fauzi AA, Chotiyarnwong C, et al.
    Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 2024 Jan 19.
    PMID: 38261764 DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000002437
    OBJECTIVES: To determine whether a health service system is an independent influencing factor of having pressure injury (PI) problems in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) living in three countries.

    DESIGN: A cross-sectional study.

    METHODS: Data from the International Spinal Cord Injury Community Survey (InSCI) were analyzed. The PI problems were assessed using the Spinal Cord Injury Secondary Condition Scales (dichotomized to "having problem" and "not having problem". Health service systems were categorized as an inpatient-oriented SCI specialized system and a primary care-oriented system. A directed acyclic graph was applied to create a multivariable logistic regression model to determine the independent influencing factors of PI problems.

    RESULTS: Of 790 included participants, 277 (35%) had PI problems. Being recruited from countries with inpatient-oriented SCI specialized systems (Model 1) and visiting rehabilitation medicine/SCI physicians at least once a year (Model 2) is an independent negative correlating factor of PI problems (odds ratio = 0.569 [95%CI: 0.374-0.866] and 0.591 [95%CI: 0.405-0.864], respectively).

    CONCLUSION: SCI-specialized health service systems might be a protective factor of PI problems in middle-income country contexts. This result suggests the importance of having SCI-specialized services in middle-income countries to reduce the prevalence of PI problems.

  6. Redzuan NS, Engkasan JP, Mazlan M, Freddy Abdullah SJ
    Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2012 Dec;93(12):2177-83.
    PMID: 22789773 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.06.025
    To evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention using video to deliver therapy at home for patients with stroke.
  7. Post MW, Reinhardt JD, Avellanet M, Escorpizo R, Engkasan JP, Schwegler U, et al.
    Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2020 12;101(12):2157-2166.
    PMID: 32673653 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.05.027
    OBJECTIVES: To describe the employment situation of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) in 22 countries participating in the International Spinal Cord Injury community survey, to compare observed and predicted employment rates, to estimate gaps in employment rates among people with SCI compared with the general population, and to study differences in employment between men and women.

    DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey.

    SETTING: Community.

    PARTICIPANTS: People of employable age (N=9875; 18-64 y) with traumatic or non-traumatic SCI (including cauda equina syndrome) who were at least 18 years of age at the time of the survey, living in the community, and able to respond to one of the available language versions of the questionnaire.

    INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The observed employment rate was defined as performing paid work for at least 1 hour a week, and predicted employment rate was adjusted for sample composition from mixed logistic regression analysis.

    RESULTS: A total of 9875 participants were included (165-1174 per country). Considerable differences in sample composition were found. The observed worldwide employment rate was 38%. A wide variation was found across countries, ranging from 10.3% to 61.4%. Some countries showed substantially higher or lower employment rates than predicted based on the composition of their sample. Gaps between the observed employment rates among participants with SCI and the general population ranged from 14.8% to 54.8%. On average, employment rates were slightly higher among men compared with women, but with large variation across countries. Employment gaps, however, were smaller among women for most countries.

    CONCLUSIONS: This first worldwide survey among people with SCI shows an average employment rate of 38%. Differences between observed and predicted employment rates across countries point at country-specific factors that warrant further investigation. Gaps with employment rates in the general population were considerable and call for actions for more inclusive labor market policies in most of the countries investigated.

  8. Yong LN, Ahmedy F, Yin KN, Engkasan JP
    Asian Spine J, 2021 Jun;15(3):381-391.
    PMID: 32951405 DOI: 10.31616/asj.2020.0086
    Spinal tuberculosis often leads to neurological deficit and subsequent deterioration in functional outcomes. This review assesses the recent evidence on functional outcomes in spinal tuberculosis, highlighting functional recovery, assessment tools for functional measures, and associative factors for functional recovery. Using PubMed, a literature search was done using the terms "spinal tuberculosis," "tuberculous spondylitis," "tuberculous spondylodiscitis," and "functional outcome" for original articles published between January 2010 and December 2019. A total of 191 search results were found. Detailed screening showed that 19 articles met the eligibility criteria: 13 of these focused on surgical methods, four on conservative management, and two on rehabilitation approaches. The outcome measures used for functional assessment were the Oswestry Disability Index (11 articles), Japanese Orthopaedic Association score (n=3), modified Barthel Index (n=2), Functional Independence Measure (n=2), and 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (n=1). Functional outcome was mainly affected by pain, spinal cord compression, and inpatient rehabilitation. No significant difference in functional outcome was found between conservative management and surgery for cases with uncomplicated spinal tuberculosis. Most studies focused on surgery as the mode of treatment and used pain-related functional measures; however, these assessed functional limitations secondary to pain, and not neurological deficits. Further studies may consider examining functional outcomes in spinal tuberculosis by utilizing spinal cord-specific functional outcome measures, to evaluate outcome measures as a prognostic tool, and to measure functional outcomes from specific rehabilitation interventions.
  9. Ng CJ, Lee PY, Lee YK, Chew BH, Engkasan JP, Irmi ZI, et al.
    BMC Health Serv Res, 2013 Oct 11;13:408.
    PMID: 24119237 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-13-408
    BACKGROUND: Involving patients in decision-making is an important part of patient-centred care. Research has found a discrepancy between patients' desire to be involved and their actual involvement in healthcare decision-making. In Asia, there is a dearth of research in decision-making. Using Malaysia as an exemplar, this study aims to review the current research evidence, practices, policies, and laws with respect to patient engagement in shared decision-making (SDM) in Asia.

    METHODS: In this study, we conducted a comprehensive literature review to collect information on healthcare decision-making in Malaysia. We also consulted medical education researchers, key opinion leaders, governmental organisations, and patient support groups to assess the extent to which patient involvement was incorporated into the medical curriculum, healthcare policies, and legislation.

    RESULTS: There are very few studies on patient involvement in decision-making in Malaysia. Existing studies showed that doctors were aware of informed consent, but few practised SDM. There was limited teaching of SDM in undergraduate and postgraduate curricula and a lack of accurate and accessible health information for patients. In addition, peer support groups and 'expert patient' programmes were also lacking. Professional medical bodies endorsed patient involvement in decision-making, but there was no definitive implementation plan.

    CONCLUSION: In summary, there appears to be little training or research on SDM in Malaysia. More research needs to be done in this area, including baseline information on the preferred and actual decision-making roles. The authors have provided a set of recommendations on how SDM can be effectively implemented in Malaysia.

  10. Abdullah NL, Gunasekaran R, Mohd-Zin SW, Lim BH, Maniam P, Mohd-Salleh AS, et al.
    BMC Res Notes, 2018 Jul 16;11(1):475.
    PMID: 30012199 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3593-1
    OBJECTIVES: The Neural Tube Defects Research Group of University of Malaya was approached to analyze a tablet named TELSE, which may have resulted in a baby born with central nervous system malformation at the University of Malaya Medical Centre. In this animal experimental study, we investigated the content of TELSE and exposure of its contents that resulted in failure of primary neurulation.

    RESULTS: Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass spectrophotometry analysis of the TELSE tablet confirmed the presence of trimethoprim as the active compound. The TELSE tablet-treated females produced significant numbers of embryos with exencephaly (n = 8, 36.4%, *P 

  11. Uzzaman MN, Chan SC, Shunmugam RH, Engkasan JP, Agarwal D, Habib GMM, et al.
    BMJ Open, 2021 10 12;11(10):e050362.
    PMID: 34642195 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050362
    INTRODUCTION: Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are common and disabling conditions that can result in social isolation and economic hardship for patients and their families. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves functional exercise capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) but practical barriers to attending centre-based sessions or the need for infection control limits accessibility. Home-PR offers a potential solution that may improve access. We aim to systematically review the clinical effectiveness, completion rates and components of Home-PR for people with CRDs compared with Centre-PR or Usual care.

    METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will search PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, PeDRO and PsycInfo from January 1990 to date using a PICOS search strategy (Population: adults with CRDs; Intervention: Home-PR; Comparator: Centre-PR/Usual care; Outcomes: functional exercise capacity and HRQoL; Setting: any setting). The strategy is to search for 'Chronic Respiratory Disease' AND 'Pulmonary Rehabilitation' AND 'Home-PR', and identify relevant randomised controlled trials and controlled clinical trials. Six reviewers working in pairs will independently screen articles for eligibility and extract data from those fulfilling the inclusion criteria. We will use the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to rate the quality of evidence. We will perform meta-analysis or narrative synthesis as appropriate to answer our three research questions: (1) what is the effectiveness of Home-PR compared with Centre-PR or Usual care? (2) what components are used in effective Home-PR studies? and (3) what is the completion rate of Home-PR compared with Centre-PR?

    ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Research ethics approval is not required since the study will review only published data. The findings will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentation in conferences.

    PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020220137.

  12. Ramli MI, Hamzaid NA, Engkasan JP, Usman J
    Biomed Eng Online, 2023 May 22;22(1):50.
    PMID: 37217941 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-023-01103-0
    BACKGROUND: Over the decades, many publications have established respiratory muscle training (RMT) as an effective way in improving respiratory dysfunction in multiple populations. The aim of the paper is to determine the trend of research and multidisciplinary collaboration in publications related to RMT over the last 6 decades. The authors also sought to chart the advancement of RMT among people with spinal cord injury (SCI) over the last 60 years.

    METHODS: Bibliometric analysis was made, including the publications' profiles, citation analysis and research trends of the relevant literature over the last 60 years. Publications from all time frames were retrieved from Scopus database. A subgroup analysis of publications pertinent to people with SCI was also made.

    RESULTS: Research on RMT has been steadily increasing over the last 6 decades and across geographical locations. While medicine continues to dominate the research on RMT, this topic also continues to attract researchers and publications from other areas such as engineering, computer science and social science over the last 10 years. Research collaboration between authors in different backgrounds was observed since 2006. Source titles from non-medical backgrounds have also published articles pertinent to RMT. Among people with SCI, researchers utilised a wide range of technology from simple spirometers to electromyography in both intervention and outcome measures. With various types of interventions implemented, RMT generally improves pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength among people with SCI.

    CONCLUSIONS: While research on RMT has been steadily increasing over the last 6 decades, more collaborations are encouraged in the future to produce more impactful and beneficial research on people who suffer from respiratory disorders.

  13. Lee ZY, Ong SP, Ng CC, Yap CSL, Engkasan JP, Barakatun-Nisak MY, et al.
    Clin Nutr, 2021 03;40(3):1338-1347.
    PMID: 32919818 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.08.022
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: In critically ill patients, direct measurement of skeletal muscle using bedside ultrasound (US) may identify a patient population that might benefit more from optimal nutrition practices. When US is not available, survey measures of nutrition risk and functional status that are associated with muscle status may be used to identify patients with low muscularity. This study aims to determine the association between baseline and changing ultrasound quadriceps muscle status with premorbid functional status and 60-day mortality.

    METHODS: This single-center prospective observational study was conducted in a general ICU. Mechanically ventilated critically ill adult patients (age ≥18 years) without pre-existing systemic neuromuscular diseases and expected to stay for ≥96 h in the ICU were included. US measurements were performed within 48 h of ICU admission (baseline), at day 7, day 14 of ICU stay and at ICU discharge (if stay >14 days). Quadriceps muscle layer thickness (QMLT), rectus femoris cross sectional area (RFCSA), vastus intermedius pennation angle (PA) and fascicle length (FL), and rectus femoris echogenicity (mean and standard deviation [SD]) were measured. Patients' next-of-kin were interviewed by using established questionnaires for their pre-hospitalization nutritional risk (nutrition risk screening-2002) and functional status (SARC-F, clinical frailty scale [CFS], Katz activities of daily living [ADL] and Lawton Instrumental ADL).

    RESULTS: Ninety patients were recruited. A total of 86, 53, 24 and 10 US measures were analyzed, which were performed at a median of 1, 7, 14 and 22 days from ICU admission, respectively. QMLT, RFCSA and PA reduced significantly over time. The overall trend of change of FL was not significant. The only independent predictor of 60-day mortality was the change of QMLT from baseline to day 7 (adjusted odds ratio 0.95 for every 1% less QMLT loss, 95% confidence interval 0.91-0.99; p = 0.02). Baseline measures of high nutrition risk (modified nutrition risk in critically ill ≥5), sarcopenia (SARC-F ≥4) and frailty (CFS ≥5) were associated with lower baseline QMLT, RFCSA and PA and higher 60-day mortality.

    CONCLUSIONS: Every 1% loss of QMLT over the first week of critical illness was associated with 5% higher odds of 60-day mortality. SARC-F, CFS and mNUTRIC are associated with quadriceps muscle status and 60-day mortality and may serve as a potential simple and indirect measures of premorbid muscle status at ICU admission.

  14. Lee ZY, Yap CSL, Hasan MS, Engkasan JP, Barakatun-Nisak MY, Day AG, et al.
    Crit Care, 2021 07 23;25(1):260.
    PMID: 34301303 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03693-4
    BACKGROUND: The optimal protein dose in critical illness is unknown. We aim to conduct a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the effect of higher versus lower protein delivery (with similar energy delivery between groups) on clinical and patient-centered outcomes in critically ill patients.

    METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and CINAHL from database inception through April 1, 2021.We included RCTs of (1) adult (age ≥ 18) critically ill patients that (2) compared higher vs lower protein with (3) similar energy intake between groups, and (4) reported clinical and/or patient-centered outcomes. We excluded studies on immunonutrition. Two authors screened and conducted quality assessment independently and in duplicate. Random-effect meta-analyses were conducted to estimate the pooled risk ratio (dichotomized outcomes) or mean difference (continuous outcomes).

    RESULTS: Nineteen RCTs were included (n = 1731). Sixteen studies used primarily the enteral route to deliver protein. Intervention was started within 72 h of ICU admission in sixteen studies. The intervention lasted between 3 and 28 days. In 11 studies that reported weight-based nutrition delivery, the pooled mean protein and energy received in higher and lower protein groups were 1.31 ± 0.48 vs 0.90 ± 0.30 g/kg and 19.9 ± 6.9 versus 20.1 ± 7.1 kcal/kg, respectively. Higher vs lower protein did not significantly affect overall mortality [risk ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75-1.10, p = 0.34] or other clinical or patient-centered outcomes. In 5 small studies, higher protein significantly attenuated muscle loss (MD -3.44% per week, 95% CI -4.99 to -1.90; p 

  15. Engkasan JP, Ahmad-Fauzi A, Sabirin S, Chai CC, Abdul-Malek IZ, Liguori S, et al.
    Eur J Phys Rehabil Med, 2019 Jun;55(3):378-383.
    PMID: 30961345 DOI: 10.23736/S1973-9087.19.05792-7
    BACKGROUND: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) serves as a framework for defining and categorizing health and functioning. ICF could be used to classify research outcomes in a systematic manner.

    AIM: The aim of this study was to classify the primary outcomes used in Cochrane Systematic Reviews (CSRs) into the ICF domains of functioning; to describe the differences in primary outcomes in reviews related to rehabilitation intervention and non-rehabilitation intervention; and to describe the trend of outcome selections according year of publication.

    DESIGN: Methodological paper.

    POPULATION: Adult stroke population.

    METHODS: We analyzed the primary outcomes used in the CSRs published by the Cochrane Stroke Review Group up to December 2017. The primary outcomes were extracted and classified into the ICF domains of functioning (body functions, body structures and activity and participation).

    RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-four papers with 216 primary outcomes were included in this analysis. Less than half (102/216, 47.2%) of the outcomes could be classified into the ICF domains of functioning. For the outcomes that could be classified into the ICF domains, the majority (72/102, 70.5%) were in the activity and participation domain, followed by body functions (26/102, 25.5%) and body structures (4/102, 4.0%). Of the outcomes that could not be classified into the ICF domains (N.=114), death (81/114, 71.1%) and recurrent stroke (21/114,18.4%) formed the majority of the outcome. There were 75 CSRs on rehabilitation related interventions; the majority of the outcomes (75/97, 77.3%) used in rehabilitation related CSRs could be classified into the ICF framework with more than half (49/75, 65.3%) in the activity and participation domain.

    CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the primary outcomes selected by the Cochrane Stroke Review Group in their CSRs could not be classified into the ICF domains of functioning. Death and recurrence of vascular events remains the major outcome of interest. In rehabilitation related interventions, activity and participation domain is the functioning domain most commonly used.

    CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: The systematic use of patients-centered ICF-based outcomes in CSRs could help the application of evidence in clinical decision making.

  16. Stucki G, Pollock A, Engkasan JP, Selb M
    Eur J Phys Rehabil Med, 2019 Jun;55(3):384-394.
    PMID: 30990004 DOI: 10.23736/S1973-9087.19.05808-8
    Rehabilitation aims to optimize functioning of persons experiencing functioning limitations. As such the comparative evaluation of rehabilitation interventions relies on the analysis of the differences between the change in patient functioning after a specific rehabilitation intervention versus the change following another intervention. A robust health information reference system that can facilitate the comparative evaluation of changes in functioning in rehabilitation studies and the standardized reporting of rehabilitation interventions is the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The objective of this paper is to present recommendations that Cochrane Rehabilitation could adopt for using the ICF in rehabilitation studies by: 1) defining the functioning categories to be included in a rehabilitation study; 2) specifying selected functioning categories and selecting suitable data collection instruments; 3) examining aspects of functioning that have been documented in a study; 4) reporting functioning data collected with various data collection instruments; and 5) communicating results in an accessible, meaningful and easily understandable way. The authors provide examples of concrete studies that underscore these recommendations, whereby also emphasizing the need for future research on the implementation of specific recommendations, e.g. in meta-analysis in systematic literature reviews. Furthermore, the paper outlines how the ICF can complement or be integrated in established Cochrane and rehabilitation research structures and methods, e.g. use of standard mean difference to compare cross-study data collected using different measures, in developing core outcome sets for rehabilitation, and the use of the PICO model.
  17. Arienti C, Kiekens C, Bettinsoli R, Engkasan JP, Frischknecht R, Gimigliano F, et al.
    Eur J Phys Rehabil Med, 2021 Apr;57(2):303-308.
    PMID: 33971699 DOI: 10.23736/S1973-9087.21.06877-5
    During its fourth year of existence, Cochrane Rehabilitation went on to promote evidence-informed health decision-making in rehabilitation. In 2020, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has made it necessary to alter priorities. In these challenging times, Cochrane Rehabilitation has firstly changed its internal organisation and established a new relevant project in line with pandemic needs: the REH-COVER (Rehabilitation - COVID-19 evidence-based response) action. The aim was to focus on the timely collection, review and dissemination of summarised and synthesised evidence relating to COVID-19 and rehabilitation. Cochrane Rehabilitation REH-COVER action has included in 2020 five main initiatives: 1) rapid living systematic reviews on rehabilitation and COVID-19; 2) interactive living evidence map on rehabilitation and COVID-19; 3) definition of the research topics on "rehabilitation and COVID-19" in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) rehabilitation programme; 4) Cochrane Library special collection on Coronavirus (COVID-19) rehabilitation; and 5) collaboration with COVID-END for the topics "rehabilitation" and "disability." Furthermore, we are still carrying on five different special projects: Be4rehab; RCTRACK; definition of rehabilitation for research purposes; ebook project; and a prioritization exercise for Cochrane Reviews production. The Review Working Area continued to identify and "tag" the rehabilitation-relevant reviews published in the Cochrane library; the Publication Working Area went on to publish Cochrane Corners, working more closely with the Cochrane Review Groups (CRGs) and Cochrane Networks, particularly with Cochrane Musculoskeletal, Oral, Skin and Sensory Network; the Education Working Area, the most damaged in 2020, tried to continue performing educational activities such as workshops in different online meetings; the Methodology Working Area organized the third and fourth Cochrane Rehabilitation Methodological (CRM) meetings respectively in Milan and Orlando; the Communication Working Area spread rehabilitation evidences through different channels and translated the contents in different languages.
  18. Negrini S, Arienti C, Pollet J, Engkasan JP, Gimigliano F, Grubisic F, et al.
    Eur J Phys Rehabil Med, 2018 Jun;54(3):463-465.
    PMID: 29901359 DOI: 10.23736/S1973-9087.18.05317-0
    Since his launch Cochrane Rehabilitation has started working to be a bridge between Cochrane and rehabilitation. After a fist period of work organization, the field has started producing actions through its committees: communication, education, methodology, publication and reviews. All the results of this first year of activity are listed in this report.
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