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  1. Roles of clock genes in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease
    Shkodina AD, Tan SC, Hasan MM, Abdelgawad M, Chopra H, Bilal M, et al.
    Ageing Res Rev, 2022 02;74:101554.
    PMID: 34973458 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101554
    Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common motor disorder that has become increasingly prevalent in the ageing population. Recent works have suggested that circadian rhythms disruption is a common event in PD patients. Clock genes regulate the circadian rhythm of biological processes in eukaryotic organisms, but their roles in PD remain unclear. Despite this, several lines of evidence point to the possibility that clock genes may have a significant impact on the development and progression of the disease. This review aims to consolidate recent understanding of the roles of clock genes in PD. We first summarized the findings of clock gene expression and epigenetic analyses in PD patients and animal models. We also discussed the potential contributory role of clock gene variants in the development of PD and/or its symptoms. We further reviewed the mechanisms by which clock genes affect mitochondrial dynamics as well as the rhythmic synthesis and secretion of endocrine hormones, the impairment of which may contribute to the development of PD. Finally, we discussed the limitations of the currently available studies, and suggested future potential studies to deepen our understanding of the roles of clock genes in PD pathogenesis.
  2. Embracing robotic surgery in low- and middle-income countries: Potential benefits, challenges, and scope in the future
    Mehta A, Cheng Ng J, Andrew Awuah W, Huang H, Kalmanovich J, Agrawal A, et al.
    Ann Med Surg (Lond), 2022 Dec;84:104803.
    PMID: 36582867 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104803
    Robotic surgery has applications in many medical specialties, including urology, general surgery, and surgical oncology. In the context of a widespread resource and personnel shortage in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), the use of robotics in surgery may help to reduce physician burnout, surgical site infections, and hospital stays. However, a lack of haptic feedback and potential socioeconomic factors such as high implementation costs and a lack of trained personnel may limit its accessibility and application. Specific improvements focused on improved financial and technical support to LMICs can help improve access and have the potential to transform the surgical experience for both surgeons and patients in LMICs. This review focuses on the evolution of robotic surgery, with an emphasis on challenges and recommendations to facilitate wider implementation and improved patient outcomes.
  3. Fulltext In-silico approach to designing effective antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 from reported phytochemicals: a quality improvement study
    Tuz-Zohura F, Shawon ARM, Hasan MM, Aeyas A, Chowdhury FI, Khandaker MU
    Ann Med Surg (Lond), 2023 Jul;85(7):3446-3460.
    PMID: 37427236 DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000000839
    Computer-aided drug design by molecular docking, statistical analysis like multiple linear regression (MLR), principal component analysis (PCA), and molecular dynamics studies can emerge as an efficient approach to designing promising core scaffolds for coronavirus medication. The main protease [3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro)] of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-1 and SARS-CoV-2 is one of the critical targets for designing and developing broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutic drugs. The main objective of this study was to investigate potential phytochemicals against SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 to ensure effective natural product-induced therapy. In this evaluation, we have selected 40 reported phytochemicals to design efficient core scaffolds that can act as potent inhibitors against the main proteases of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1. We categorized the selected phytochemicals into a more bioavailable and less bioavailable set, considering phytochemical drug likeliness properties. All the selected phytochemicals vigorously interacted with the catalytic dyads His41 and Cys145. Statistical analysis by MLR confirmed their contribution to structural features on binding affinities and PCA analysis for structural activity relationships for their structural pattern recognition to determine the core scaffold inhibitors. We confirmed that 4'-Hydroxyisolonchocarpin and BrussochalconeA were safe and exhibited excellent pharmacological properties. Because 4'-Hydroxyisolonchocarpin and BrussochalconeA are flavonoid derivatives, they exhibit the chalcone's ring. The presence of the reactive α,β-unsaturated system in the chalcone's rings showed different potential pharmacokinetics with an insignificant toxicological profile. Our comprehensive computational and statistical analysis reveals that these selected phytochemicals (4'-Hydroxyisolonchocarpin, BrussochalconeA) can be used to design potential broad antiviral inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1.
  4. Fulltext Prospects of evolution-based artificial intelligence models in genome-wide studies to stratify genetic risk variants in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
    Huang H, Awuah WA, Garg T, Ng JC, Mehta A, Ramamoorthy K, et al.
    Ann Med Surg (Lond), 2023 Jun;85(6):2743-2748.
    PMID: 37363524 DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000000743
    The emergence of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has identified genetic traits and polymorphisms that are associated with the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Phospholipase domain-containing 3 and transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 are genes commonly associated with NAFLD phenotypes. However, there are fewer studies and replicability in lesser-known genes such as LYPLAL1 and glucokinase regulator (GCKR). With the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical genetics, studies have utilized AI algorithms to identify phenotypes through electronic health records and utilize convolution neural networks to improve the accuracy of variant identification, predict the deleterious effects of variants, and conduct phenotype-to-genotype mapping. Natural language processing (NLP) and machine-learning (ML) algorithms are popular tools in GWAS studies and connect electronic health record phenotypes to genetic diagnoses using a combination of international classification disease (ICD)-based approaches. However, there are still limitations to machine-learning - and NLP-based models, such as the lack of replicability in larger cohorts and underpowered sample sizes, which prevent the accurate prediction of genetic variants that may increase the risk of NAFLD and its progression to advanced-stage liver fibrosis. This may be largely due to the lack of understanding of the clinical consequence in the majority of pathogenic variants. Though the concept of evolution-based AI models and evolutionary algorithms is relatively new, combining current international classification disease -based NLP models with phylogenetic and evolutionary data can improve prediction accuracy and create valuable connections between variants and their pathogenicity in NAFLD. Such developments can improve risk stratification within clinical genetics and research while overcoming limitations in GWAS studies that prevent community-wide interpretations.
  5. Fulltext Antiradical and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity Evaluations of Averrhoa bilimbi L. Leaves and Tentative Identification of Bioactive Constituents through LC-QTOF-MS/MS and Molecular Docking Approach
    Ahmed QU, Alhassan AM, Khatib A, Shah SAA, Hasan MM, Sarian MN
    Antioxidants (Basel), 2018 Oct 08;7(10).
    PMID: 30297618 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7100137
    The objective of the present study was to investigate the antiradical and xanthine oxidase inhibitory effects of Averrhoa bilimbi leaves. Hence, crude methanolic leaves extract and its resultant fractions, namely hexane, chloroform, and n-butanol were evaluated for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. The active constituents were tentatively identified through LC-QTOF-MS/MS and molecular docking approaches. The n-butanol fraction of A. bilimbi crude methanolic leaves extract displayed significant DPPH radical scavenging effect with IC50 (4.14 ± 0.21 μg/mL) (p < 0.05), as well as xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity with IC50 (64.84 ± 3.93 μg/mL) (p < 0.05). Afzelechin 3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside and cucumerin A were tentatively identified as possible metabolites that contribute to the antioxidant activity of the n-butanol fraction.
  6. Fulltext Flavonoids from Tetracera indica Merr. induce adipogenesis and exert glucose uptake activities in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells
    Hasan MM, Ahmed QU, Soad SZM, Latip J, Taher M, Syafiq TMF, et al.
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2017 Aug 30;17(1):431.
    PMID: 28854906 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1929-3
    BACKGROUND: Tetracera indica Merr. (Family: Dilleniaceae), known to the Malay as 'Mempelas paya', is one of the medicinal plants used in the treatment of diabetes in Malaysia. However, no proper scientific study has been carried out to verify the traditional claim of T. indica as an antidiabetic agent. Hence, the aims of the present study were to determine the in vitro antidiabetic potential of the T. indica stems ethanol extract, subfractions and isolated compounds.

    METHODS: The ethanol extract and its subfractions, and isolated compounds from T. indica stems were subjected to cytotoxicity test using MTT viability assay on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Then, the test groups were subjected to the in vitro antidiabetic investigation using 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and differentiated adipocytes to determine the insulin-like and insulin sensitizing activities. Rosiglitazone was used as a standard antidiabetic agent. All compounds were also subjected to fluorescence glucose (2-NBDG) uptake test on differentiated adipocytes. Test solutions were introduced to the cells in different safe concentrations as well as in different adipogenic cocktails, which were modified by the addition of compounds to be investigated and in the presence or absence of insulin. Isolation of bioactive compounds from the most effective subfraction (ethyl acetate) was performed through repeated silica gel and sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies and their structures were elucidated through (1)H-and (13)C-NMR spectroscopy.

    RESULTS: Four monoflavonoids, namely, wogonin, norwogonin, quercetin and techtochrysin were isolated from the T. indica stems ethanol extract. Wogonin, norwogonin and techtochrysin induced significant (P 

  7. Fulltext Relationship between High Temperature and Formation of Chalkiness and Their Effects on Quality of Rice
    Nevame AYM, Emon RM, Malek MA, Hasan MM, Alam MA, Muharam FM, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2018;2018:1653721.
    PMID: 30065932 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1653721
    Occurrence of chalkiness in rice is attributed to genetic and environmental factors, especially high temperature (HT). The HT induces heat stress, which in turn compromises many grain qualities, especially transparency. Chalkiness in rice is commonly studied together with other quality traits such as amylose content, gel consistency, and protein storage. In addition to the fundamental QTLs, some other QTLs have been identified which accelerate chalkiness occurrence under HT condition. In this review, some of the relatively stable chalkiness, amylose content, and gel consistency related QTLs have been presented well. Genetically, HT effect on chalkiness is explained by the location of certain chalkiness gene in the vicinity of high-temperature-responsive genes. With regard to stable QTL distribution and availability of potential material resources, there is still feasibility to find out novel stable QTLs related to chalkiness under HT condition. A better understanding of those achievements is essential to develop new rice varieties with a reduced chalky grain percentage. Therefore, we propose the pyramiding of relatively stable and nonallelic QTLs controlling low chalkiness endosperm into adaptable rice varieties as pragmatic approach to mitigate HT effect.
  8. Fulltext Development of a New Molecular Marker for the Resistance to Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus
    Nevame AYM, Xia L, Nchongboh CG, Hasan MM, Alam MA, Yongbo L, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2018;2018:8120281.
    PMID: 30105248 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8120281
    Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) responsible for tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) causes a substantial decrease in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) yield worldwide. The use of resistant variety as a sustainable management strategy has been advocated. Tremendous progress has been made in genetically characterizing the resistance genes (R gene) in tomato. Breeding tomato for TYLCV resistance has been based mostly on Ty-3 as a race-specific resistance gene by introgression originating from wild tomato species relatives. Improvement or development of a cultivar is achievable through the use of marker-assisted selection (MAS). Therefore, precise and easy use of gene-targeted markers would be of significant importance for selection in breeding programs. The present study was undertaken to develop a new marker based on Ty-3 gene sequence that can be used for MAS in TYLCV resistant tomato breeding program. The new developed marker was named ACY. The reliability and accuracy of ACY were evaluated against those of Ty-3 linked marker P6-25 through screening of commercial resistant and susceptible tomato hybrids, and genetic segregation using F2 population derived from a commercial resistant hybrid AG208. With the use of bioinformatics and DNA sequencing analysis tools, deletion of 10 nucleotides was observed in Ty-3 gene sequence for susceptible tomato variety. ACY is a co-dominant indel-based marker that produced clear and strong polymorphic band patterns for resistant plant distinguishing it from its susceptible counterpart. The obtained result correlates with 3:1 segregation ratio of single resistant dominant gene inheritance, which depicted ACY as gene-tag functional marker. This marker is currently in use for screening 968 hybrids varieties and one thousand breeding lines of tomato varieties stocked in Jiangsu Green Port Modern Agriculture Development Company (Green Port). So far, ACY has been used to identify 56 hybrids and 51 breeding lines. These newly detected breeding lines were regarded as potential source of resistance for tomato breeding. This work exploited the sequence of Ty-3 and subsequently contributed to the development of molecular marker ACY to aid phenotypic selection. We thus recommend this marker to breeders, which is suitable for marker-assisted selection in tomato.
  9. Fulltext Evaluation of antioxidant compounds, antioxidant activities, and mineral composition of 13 collected purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) accessions
    Alam MA, Juraimi AS, Rafii MY, Abdul Hamid A, Aslani F, Hasan MM, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:296063.
    PMID: 24579078 DOI: 10.1155/2014/296063
    The methanolic extracts of 13 accessions of purslane were analyzed for their total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and total carotenoid contents (TCC) and antioxidant activity of extracts was screened using FRAP assay and DPPH radical scavenging methods. The TPC, TFC, and TCC ranged from 0.96 ± 0.04 to 9.12 ± 0.29 mg GAE/g DW, 0.13 ± 0.04 to 1.44 ± 0.08 mg RE/g DW, and 0.52 ± 0.06 to 5.64 ± 0.09 mg (β-carotene equivalent) BCE/g DW, respectively. The DPPH scavenging (IC50) activity varied between 2.52 ± 0.03 mg/mL and 3.29 ± 0.01 mg/mL and FRAP ranged from 7.39 ± 0.08 to 104.2 ± 6.34  μmol TE/g DW. Among all the measured micro- and macrominerals K content was the highest followed by N, Na, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Zn, and Mn. The overall findings proved that ornamental purslane was richer in antioxidant properties, whereas common purslane possesses more mineral contents than ornamental ones.
  10. Animal models and natural products to investigate in vivo and in vitro antidiabetic activity
    Hasan MM, Ahmed QU, Mat Soad SZ, Tunna TS
    Biomed Pharmacother, 2018 May;101:833-841.
    PMID: 29635892 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.137
    Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease which has high prevalence. The deficiency in insulin production or impaired insulin function is the underlying cause of this disease. Utilization of plant sources as a cure of diabetes has rich evidence in the history. Recently, the traditional medicinal plants have been investigated scientifically to understand the underlying mechanism behind antidiabetic potential. In this regard, a substantial number of in vivo and in vitro models have been introduced for investigating the bottom-line mechanism of the antidiabetic effect. A good number of methods have been reported to be used successfully to determine antidiabetic effects of plant extracts or isolated compounds. This review encompasses all the possible methods with a list of medicinal plants which may contribute to discovering a novel drug to treat diabetes more efficaciously with the minimum or no side effects.
  11. Marker-assisted backcrossing: a useful method for rice improvement
    Hasan MM, Rafii MY, Ismail MR, Mahmood M, Rahim HA, Alam MA, et al.
    Biotechnology, biotechnological equipment, 2015 Mar 04;29(2):237-254.
    PMID: 26019637
    The world's population is increasing very rapidly, reducing the cultivable land of rice, decreasing table water, emerging new diseases and pests, and the climate changes are major issues that must be addressed to researchers to develop sustainable crop varieties with resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, recent scientific discoveries and advances particularly in genetics, genomics and crop physiology have opened up new opportunities to reduce the impact of these stresses which would have been difficult if not impossible as recently as the turn of the century. Marker assisted backcrossing (MABC) is one of the most promising approaches is the use of molecular markers to identify and select genes controlling resistance to those factors. Regarding this, MABC can contribute to develop resistant or high-yielding or quality rice varieties by incorporating a gene of interest into an elite variety which is already well adapted by the farmers. MABC is newly developed efficient tool by which using large population sizes (400 or more plants) for the backcross F1 generations, it is possible to recover the recurrent parent genotype using only two or three backcrosses. So far, many high yielding, biotic and abiotic stresses tolerance, quality and fragrance rice varieties have been developed in rice growing countries through MABC within the shortest timeframe. Nowadays, MABC is being used widely in plant breeding programmes to develop new variety/lines especially in rice. This paper reviews recent literature on some examples of variety/ line development using MABC strategy.
  12. Baicalein as Promising Anticancer Agent: A Comprehensive Analysis on Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives
    Morshed AKMH, Paul S, Hossain A, Basak T, Hossain MS, Hasan MM, et al.
    Cancers (Basel), 2023 Apr 03;15(7).
    PMID: 37046789 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072128
    Despite significant therapeutic advancements for cancer, an atrocious global burden (for example, health and economic) and radio- and chemo-resistance limit their effectiveness and result in unfavorable health consequences. Natural compounds are generally considered safer than synthetic drugs, and their use in cancer treatment alone, or in combination with conventional therapies, is increasingly becoming accepted. Interesting outcomes from pre-clinical trials using Baicalein in combination with conventional medicines have been reported, and some of them have also undergone clinical trials in later stages. As a result, we investigated the prospects of Baicalein, a naturally occurring substance extracted from the stems of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Oroxylum indicum Kurz, which targets a wide range of molecular changes that are involved in cancer development. In other words, this review is primarily driven by the findings from studies of Baicalein therapy in several cancer cell populations based on promising pre-clinical research. The modifications of numerous signal transduction mechanisms and transcriptional agents have been highlighted as the major players for Baicalein's anti-malignant properties at the micro level. These include AKT serine/threonine protein kinase B (AKT) as well as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, matrix metalloproteinases-2 & 9 (MMP-2 & 9), Wnt/-catenin, Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), NF-κB, Caspase-3/8/9, Smad4, Notch 1/Hes, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap 1), Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Src/Id1, ROS signaling, miR 183/ezrin, and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling cascades. The promise of Baicalein as an anti-inflammatory to anti-apoptotic/anti-angiogenic/anti-metastatic medicinal element for treating various malignancies and its capability to inhibit malignant stem cells, evidence of synergistic effects, and design of nanomedicine-based drugs are altogether well supported by the data presented in this review study.
  13. Multilevel Pharmacological Effects of Antipsychotics in Potential Glioblastoma Treatment
    Awuah WA, Kalmanovich J, Mehta A, Huang H, Abdul-Rahman T, Cheng Ng J, et al.
    Curr Top Med Chem, 2023;23(5):389-402.
    PMID: 36593538 DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666230102095836
    Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a debilitating type of brain cancer with a high mortality rate. Despite current treatment options such as surgery, radiotherapy, and the use of temozolomide and bevacizumab, it is considered incurable. Various methods, such as drug repositioning, have been used to increase the number of available treatments. Drug repositioning is the use of FDA-approved drugs to treat other diseases. This is possible because the drugs used for this purpose have polypharmacological effects. This means that these medications can bind to multiple targets, resulting in multiple mechanisms of action. Antipsychotics are one type of drug used to treat GBM. Antipsychotics are a broad class of drugs that can be further subdivided into typical and atypical classes. Typical antipsychotics include chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine, and pimozide. This class of antipsychotics was developed early on and primarily works on dopamine D2 receptors, though it can also work on others. Olanzapine and Quetiapine are examples of atypical antipsychotics, a category that was created later. These medications have a high affinity for serotonin receptors such as 5- HT2, but they can also act on dopamine and H1 receptors. Antipsychotic medications, in the case of GBM, also have other effects that can affect multiple pathways due to their polypharmacological effects. These include NF-B suppression, cyclin deregulation, and -catenin phosphorylation, among others. This review will delve deeper into the polypharmacological, the multiple effects of antipsychotics in the treatment of GBM, and an outlook for the field's future progression.
  14. Fulltext Green Metallic Nanoparticles: Biosynthesis to Applications
    Chopra H, Bibi S, Singh I, Hasan MM, Khan MS, Yousafi Q, et al.
    Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2022;10:874742.
    PMID: 35464722 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.874742
    Current advancements in nanotechnology and nanoscience have resulted in new nanomaterials, which may pose health and environmental risks. Furthermore, several researchers are working to optimize ecologically friendly procedures for creating metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. The primary goal is to decrease the adverse effects of synthetic processes, their accompanying chemicals, and the resulting complexes. Utilizing various biomaterials for nanoparticle preparation is a beneficial approach in green nanotechnology. Furthermore, using the biological qualities of nature through a variety of activities is an excellent way to achieve this goal. Algae, plants, bacteria, and fungus have been employed to make energy-efficient, low-cost, and nontoxic metallic nanoparticles in the last few decades. Despite the environmental advantages of using green chemistry-based biological synthesis over traditional methods as discussed in this article, there are some unresolved issues such as particle size and shape consistency, reproducibility of the synthesis process, and understanding of the mechanisms involved in producing metallic nanoparticles via biological entities. Consequently, there is a need for further research to analyze and comprehend the real biological synthesis-dependent processes. This is currently an untapped hot research topic that required more investment to properly leverage the green manufacturing of metallic nanoparticles through living entities. The review covers such green methods of synthesizing nanoparticles and their utilization in the scientific world.
  15. Fulltext Development and Validation of an Early Scoring System for Prediction of Disease Severity in COVID-19 Using Complete Blood Count Parameters
    Rahman T, Khandakar A, Hoque ME, Ibtehaz N, Kashem SB, Masud R, et al.
    IEEE Access, 2021;9:120422-120441.
    PMID: 34786318 DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3105321
    The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after outbreaking in Wuhan increasingly spread throughout the world. Fast, reliable, and easily accessible clinical assessment of the severity of the disease can help in allocating and prioritizing resources to reduce mortality. The objective of the study was to develop and validate an early scoring tool to stratify the risk of death using readily available complete blood count (CBC) biomarkers. A retrospective study was conducted on twenty-three CBC blood biomarkers for predicting disease mortality for 375 COVID-19 patients admitted to Tongji Hospital, China from January 10 to February 18, 2020. Machine learning based key biomarkers among the CBC parameters as the mortality predictors were identified. A multivariate logistic regression-based nomogram and a scoring system was developed to categorize the patients in three risk groups (low, moderate, and high) for predicting the mortality risk among COVID-19 patients. Lymphocyte count, neutrophils count, age, white blood cell count, monocytes (%), platelet count, red blood cell distribution width parameters collected at hospital admission were selected as important biomarkers for death prediction using random forest feature selection technique. A CBC score was devised for calculating the death probability of the patients and was used to categorize the patients into three sub-risk groups: low (<=5%), moderate (>5% and <=50%), and high (>50%), respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of the model for the development and internal validation cohort were 0.961 and 0.88, respectively. The proposed model was further validated with an external cohort of 103 patients of Dhaka Medical College, Bangladesh, which exhibits in an AUC of 0.963. The proposed CBC parameter-based prognostic model and the associated web-application, can help the medical doctors to improve the management by early prediction of mortality risk of the COVID-19 patients in the low-resource countries.
  16. Fulltext Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
    James SL, Castle CD, Dingels ZV, Fox JT, Hamilton EB, Liu Z, et al.
    Inj Prev, 2020 10;26(Supp 1):i96-i114.
    PMID: 32332142 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043494
    BACKGROUND: Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries.

    METHODS: We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).

    FINDINGS: In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505).

    INTERPRETATION: Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.

  17. Fulltext Separation and identification of volatile compounds from liquid cultures of Trichoderma harzianum by GC-MS using three different capillary columns
    Siddiquee S, Cheong BE, Taslima K, Kausar H, Hasan MM
    J Chromatogr Sci, 2012 Apr;50(4):358-67.
    PMID: 22407347 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms012
    A simple, fast, repeatable and less laborious sample preparation protocol was developed and applied for the analysis of biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum strain FA1132 by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The match factors for sample spectra with respect to the mass spectra library of fungal volatile compounds were determined and used to study the complex hydrocarbons and other volatile compounds, which were separated by using different capillary columns with nonpolar, medium polar and high polar stationary phases. To date, more than 278 volatile compounds (with spectral match factor at least 90%) such as normal saturated hydrocarbons (C7-C30), cyclohexane, cyclopentane, fatty acids, alcohols, esters, sulfur-containing compounds, simple pyrane and benzene derivatives have been identified. Most of these compounds have not previously been reported. The method described in this paper is a more convenient research tool for the detection of volatile compounds from the cultures of T. harzianum.
  18. Fulltext Diamond-Blackfan anemia with mutation in RPS19: A case report and an overview of published pieces of literature
    Jahan D, Al Hasan MM, Haque M
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2020 04 10;12(2):163-170.
    PMID: 32742115 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_234_19
    Introduction: Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), one of a rare group of inherited bone marrow failure syndromes, is characterized by red cell failure, the presence of congenital anomalies, and cancer predisposition. It can be caused by mutations in the RPS19 gene (25% of the cases).

    Methods: This case report describes a 10-month-old boy who presented with 2 months' history of gradually increasing weakness and pallor.

    Results: The patient was diagnosed as a case of DBA based on peripheral blood finding, bone marrow aspiration with trephine biopsy reports, and genetic mutation analysis of the RPS19 gene. His father refused hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for financial constraints. Patient received prednisolone therapy with oral folic acid and iron supplements.

    Conclusion: Hemoglobin raised from 6.7 to 9.8g/dL after 1 month of therapeutic intervention.

  19. Introgression of blast resistance genes into the elite rice variety MR263 through marker-assisted backcrossing
    Hasan MM, Rafii MY, Ismail MR, Mahmood M, Alam MA, Abdul Rahim H, et al.
    J Sci Food Agric, 2016 Mar 15;96(4):1297-305.
    PMID: 25892666 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7222
    Blast caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is a significant disease threat to rice across the world and is especially prevalent in Malaysia. An elite, early-maturing, high-yielding Malaysian rice variety, MR263, is susceptible to blast and was used as the recurrent parent in this study. To improve MR263 disease resistance, the Pongsu Seribu 1 rice variety was used as donor of the blast resistance Pi-7(t), Pi-d(t)1 and Pir2-3(t) genes and qLN2 quantitative trait locus (QTL). The objective was to introgress these blast resistance genes into the background of MR263 using marker-assisted backcrossing with both foreground and background selection.
  20. Fulltext A New Compact Double-Negative Miniaturized Metamaterial for Wideband Operation
    Hasan MM, Faruque MRI, Islam SS, Islam MT
    Materials (Basel), 2016 Oct 13;9(10).
    PMID: 28773951 DOI: 10.3390/ma9100830
    The aim of this paper is to introduce a compact double-negative (DNG) metamaterial that exhibits a negative refractive index (NRI) bandwidth of more than 3.6 GHz considering the frequency from 2 to 14 GHz. In this framework, two arms of the designed unit cell are split in a way that forms a Modified-Z-shape structure of the FR-4 substrate material. The finite integration technique (FIT)-based Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio is applied for computation, and the experimental setup for measuring the performance is performed inside two waveguide ports. Therefore, the measured data complies well with the simulated data of the unit cell at 0-degree and 90-degree rotation angles. The designed unit cell shows a negative refractive index from 3.482 to 7.096 GHz (bandwidth of 3.61 GHz), 7.876 to 10.047 GHz (bandwidth of 2.171 GHz), and 11.594 to 14 GHz (bandwidth of 2.406 GHz) in the microwave spectra. The design also exhibits almost the same wide negative refractive index bandwidth in the major region of the C-band and X-band if it is rotated 90 degrees. However, the novelty of the proposed structure lies in its effective medium ratio of more than 4, wide bandwidth, and compact size.
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