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Fulltext A Bonferroni mean considering Shapley fuzzy measure under hesitant bipolar-valued neutrosophic set environment for an investment decision

Awang NA, Abdullah L, Hashim H

J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput, 2023;14(6):6919-6946.
PMID: 34721710 DOI: 10.1007/s12652-021-03550-w

Bonferroni mean (BM) operators have been established as a powerful tool for handling the interrelationship between the input arguments under various decision-making information. However, the existing BM operators do not take into account the overall interaction among decision makers or criteria. To overcome this limitation, this study considers the Shapley fuzzy measure (SFM) with the normalized weighted BM (NWBM) operator under a neutrosophic environment. In addition, the current research ignores the bipolarity and hesitancy during decision elicitations, resulting in the imprecise decision results. In this paper, the hesitant bipolar-valued neutrosophic set (HBNS) which is the extension of hesitant fuzzy set and bipolar neutrosophic set is employed. The main focus of this paper is in the development of an aggregation operator for HBNS. Based on the literature review, we would like to fill in the gaps by developing a hesitant bipolar-valued neutrosophic Shapley NWBM (HBN-SNWBM) operator where the overall interaction among decision makers can be considered. Besides that, a three-phase decision making framework is also proposed to show the applicability of the proposed aggregation operator to the real-world decision problems. The HBN-SNWBM operator and the decision making framework are applied to two examples of investment selection where evaluations are implemented using the proposed aggregations that based upon hesitant bipolar-valued neutrosophic sets. In the first example, it is found that a weapon company is the best alternative for investment followed by a food company. Sensitivity of parameters of the aggregation operator is also analysed and it is found that the ranking results are consistent despite of different parameter values used. This verifies the insensitivity of p,q parameters in the developed aggregation operator. The proposed decision making framework and hesitant bipolar-valued neutrosophic sets would be a great significance for the practical implementation of the aggregation operators.
Fulltext A Pilot Study of the Striatal Dopamine Transporter Levels in Kratom-Dependent and Normal Subjects Using 99mTc-TRODAT-1 Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography-Computed Tomography (SPECT-CT)

Zainudin NAB, Zulkifli NN, Abdul Hamid K, Hashim H, Mansor S

Cureus, 2023 Aug;15(8):e43251.
PMID: 37692587 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43251

OBJECTIVE: The study aims to elucidate the effects of kratom addiction on dopamine transporter (DAT) using [2-[[2-[[[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-yl]methyl](2-mercaptoethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]ethanethiolato(3-)-N2,N20,S2,S20]oxo-[1R-(exo-exo)]-[99mTc] technetium (99mTc-TRODAT-1) brain single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) in kratom-dependent and healthy subjects.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited 12 kratom-dependent subjects and 13 healthy men to participate in this study. Addiction, craving, depression, and cognitive scores were assessed. All subjects received a single bolus injection of 99mTc-TRODAT-1 with 914.1 MBq ± 65.5 of activity (mean ± SD). The brain SPECT-CT images were reconstructed using 3D ordered subset expectation maximization (3D-OSEM) along with attenuation correction (AC), scatter correction (SC), and resolution recovery (RR) with an iteration number of four and a subset of 10. The Cohen's Kappa interrater-reliability between two raters, the standardized uptake value of body weight (SUVBW), and the asymmetrical index percentage (AI%) were evaluated.
RESULTS: Kappa statistics showed a fine agreement of abnormal 99mTc-TRODAT-1 uptake in the striatum region for the kratom-dependent group with the κ value of 0.69 (p = 0.0001), and the percentage of agreement for rater 1 and rater 2 was 56% and 64%, respectively. There was a reduction in average SUV in kratom-dependent subjects compared to healthy control subjects in the left caudate and left striatum (0.938 vs. 1.251, p = 0.014, and 1.055 vs. 1.29, p = 0.036, respectively). There was a significant difference in the AI% of the caudate region between the kratom-dependent group and the normal group (33% vs. 14%, p = 0.019).
CONCLUSION: Our findings signify that kratom addiction, may cause a change in DAT level and the results can be confirmed using 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT-CT.
A challenging road to diagnosing transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis and using technetium-99m pyrophosphate bone scintigraphy in nuclear cardiology - A case report

Kavita A, Abdul Onny MA, Suppiah S, Abdul Aziz AF, Hashim H, Raja Shariff RE, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2021 Sep;76(5):762-767.
PMID: 34508392

Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a rare form of protein deposition disease, leading to restrictive cardiomyopathy that often presents with signs and symptoms of unexplained heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). There are two main subtypes of CA, namely light chain amyloidosis (AL) and transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR), which are conventionally confirmed by endomyocardial biopsy (EMB). The prognosis and treatment of the subtypes differ extensively, making it crucial to distinguish between the two. Although echocardiography (ECHO) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) are useful to aid in the diagnosis, they are unable to differentiate between the subtypes. Advantageously, the transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) subtype can be diagnosed based on nuclear medicine bone scintigraphy imaging using Technetiumlabelled bone-seeking radiotracers. We report a case of a previously well, elderly gentleman who presented with acute heart failure symptoms, whereby ECHO findings were suspicious for CA. Technetium-99m pyrophosphate (99mTc- PYP) bone scintigraphy performed with complementary single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) at three hours post-injection revealed radiotracer uptake in the myocardium that was higher than the skeletal bone uptake. This corresponded to Perugini score of 3 along with an increased heart to contralateral lung ratio (H:CL) of 1.69. The bone scintigraphy findings together with his symptoms, ECHO, CMR, and laboratory results enabled the diagnosis of ATTR-CA to be made. In summary, bone scintigraphy offers a reliable and non-invasive method for the diagnosis of ATTR-CA. We also highlight the diagnostic pitfalls and recommendations in reporting bone scintigraphy for the indication of typing cardiac amyloidosis.
Fulltext A child with a rare presentation of ocular bartonellosis

Shariffudin NS, Min TW, Adnan A, Hashim H, Teo KSS

Taiwan J Ophthalmol, 2020 08 14;11(3):292-295.
PMID: 34703746 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo_29_20

A 6-year-old boy was referred from the optometrist for bilateral painless blurred vision of 2 weeks duration during routine screening. Upon examination, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/200 (right eye) and 20/120 (left eye). Anterior segment examination was normal for both eyes. Funduscopy showed bilateral optic disc swelling with peripapillary exudates and diffuse retinochoroiditis involving the posterior pole. Optical coherence tomography revealed diffuse retinal thickening with intraretinal fluids and cystoid changes of central fovea. Fluorescein angiography showed bilateral hot discs with vasculitis in all quadrants and large areas of nonperfusion at peripheral retina. The patient was initially treated as presumed ocular tuberculosis (TB) based on clinical presentation and history of contact with family member having pulmonary TB. Antituberculous therapy was started and both eyes received panretinal laser photocoagulation. After 3 weeks of anti-TB treatment, serology for Bartonella turned out to be positive. Treatment was changed to intravenous ceftriaxone for 10 days followed by oral cotrimoxazole for 6 weeks and combined treatment with oral prednisolone. Gradual clinical improvement was seen with corresponding visual gain due to the reduction of macular edema, but residual thickening remained due to its chronicity.
Fulltext A holistic mitigation model for net zero emissions in the palm oil industry

Jamaludin NF, Ab Muis Z, Hashim H, Mohamed OY, Lek Keng L

Heliyon, 2024 Mar 30;10(6):e27265.
PMID: 38500991 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27265

Achieving net zero emissions to ensure a sustainable future has become increasingly urgent in light of climate change. The palm oil industry in Malaysia plays a significant role in the country's economy but has faced criticism for its environmental impact, particularly in terms of sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions. While the government has implemented policies and initiatives to promote sustainable palm oil production and reduce emissions, there remains a need for a comprehensive and integrated mitigation strategy to help make an informed decision to improve the performance. To address the limitations of the current framework, this study proposes an Integrated Mitigation Strategy Model which incorporates established frameworks of Palm Oil Mill Carbon Accounting (POMCFA) and Sustainability Index (POMSI). This model has been developed based on the superstructure approach, considering a set of mitigation options to improve weak indicators identified through assessments. The selection of these options is informed by a theoretical review of existing literature on factor changes and their impact on emissions reduction. The model is further validated through case studies, ensuring its robustness and reliability. Based on the case study, it reveals that palm oil mill effluent, diesel consumption, and water consumption contribute the most to carbon dioxide equivalent emissions. In terms of sustainability scoring, the environmental aspect obtains the lowest scores compared to social and economic aspects. Weaknesses identified include dust concentration, palm oil mill effluent, and boiler emissions. Using the heuristics of factor changes equation, the mitigation model suggests implementing high-technology boilers as the optimal solution for these weaknesses. With the theoretical and empirical support behind the choice of variables, our model provides a valuable tool for decision-making in achieving net-zero emissions and sustainable palm oil production.
A new solid phase extraction sorbent developed based on cyanopropyl functionalized silica nanoparticles for organophosphorus pesticides determination

Korrani ZS, Khalili E, Kamyab H, Wan Ibrahim WA, Hashim H

Environ Res, 2023 Dec 01;238(Pt 2):117167.
PMID: 37722580 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117167

In this work, a simple sol-gel approach was used for the preparation of cyanopropyl (CNPr) functionalized silica nanoparticles (SiO2-CNPr) that tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and cyanopropyltriethoxysilane (CNPrTEOS) used as precursors. This as-prepared SiO2-CNPr nanoparticle sorbent was first characterized using FESEM, EDX, FTIR, TGA, and BET techniques. Then, the SiO2-CNPr nanoparticle was applied as a new SPE sorbent for determining trace levels of OPPs in environmental water samples. To enhance the simultaneous extraction of non-polar or/and polar OPPs and to obtain the most efficient sorbent, several sol-gel synthesis parameters were studied. In addition, the effect of several effective parameters on SPE performance was investigated toward simultaneous extraction of non-polar or/and polar OPPs. Moreover, the figures of merit such as precision, linearity, LOQ, LOD, and recovery were evaluated for the sorbent. Finally, the designed SiO2-CNPr SPE was used to determine OPPs in real water samples, and its extraction performance was compared to commercial cartridges based on cyanopropyl.
A review on the potential of polyhydroxyalkanoates production from oil-based substrates

Chien Bong CP, Alam MNHZ, Samsudin SA, Jamaluddin J, Adrus N, Mohd Yusof AH, et al.

J Environ Manage, 2021 Nov 15;298:113461.
PMID: 34435568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113461

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a type of polyesters produced in the form of accumulated intracellular granules by many microorganisms. It is viewed as an environmentally friendly bioproduct due to its biodegradability and biocompatibility. The production of the PHA using oil substrates such as waste oil and plant oil, has gained considerable attention due to the high product yield and lower substrate cost. Nevertheless, the PHA fermentation using oil substrate is complicated due to the heterogenous fatty acid composition, varied bio-accessibility and possible inhibitory effect on the bacterial culture. This review presents the current state-of-the-art of PHA production from oil-based substrates. This paper firstly discusses the technical details, such as the choice of bacteria strain and fermentation conditions, characteristic of the oil substrate as well as the PHA composition and application. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges and prospects for up-scaling towards a cleaner and effective bioprocess. From the literature review, depending on the cell culture and the type of PHA produced, the oil platform can have a PHA yield of 0.2-0.8 g PHA/g oil substrate, with PHA content mostly from 40 to 90% of the cell dry weight. There is an on-going search for more effective oil-utilising PHA producers and lower cost substrate for effective PHA production. The final application of the PHA polymer influences the treatment needed during downstream processing and its economic performance. PHA with different compositions exhibits varied decomposition behaviour under different conditions, requiring further insight towards its management towards a sustainable circular economy.
Fulltext A study of HER2 expression in endometrial carcinoma: a single centre experience

Hashim M, Tizen NMS, Alfian N, Hashim H, Nawi AM, Pauzi SHM

Pan Afr Med J, 2021;38:200.
PMID: 33995806 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.200.19978

Introduction: endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the seventh most common cancer in females in Malaysia, of which the majority is composed of lower grade type I EC. Although less prevalent, type II EC which is of higher grade has poorer outcome and prognosis. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is one of the possible prognostic molecular markers which can be a target for immunotherapy. This study aimed to assess the expression of HER2 in common type of EC in the local population and to determine its correlation with the clinicopathological features.
Methods: a total of 53 cases of endometrioid type of EC were selected within a six-year period comprising of 22 cases of grade 1, 25 cases of grade 2 and six cases of grade 3 carcinoma. The selected whole tumour tissue sections were immune-stained with HER2 antibody. The scoring was semi-quantitatively analyzed based on 2013 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAPs) guidelines for the scoring of HER2 in breast cancer.
Results: all cases regardless of grades of endometrioid carcinoma showed negative expression of HER2 (score 0).
Conclusion: there was no significant HER2 expression in endometrioid carcinoma. However, a follow-up study with a larger number of samples from different type of endometrial carcinoma is needed. Testing of several tumour tissue blocks to assess possible tumour heterogeneity, as well as correlation with HER2 gene amplification status by in-situ-hybridisation, are also recommended.
Fulltext An Infratemporal Meningioma: A Diagnostic Dilemma

Kaur A, Ali R, Omar E, Hashim H

J Radiol Case Rep, 2021 Jan;15(1):1-10.
PMID: 33717402 DOI: 10.3941/jrcr.v15i1.3898

A 46-year-old male presented with painless, recurrent bilateral ear discharge and an enlarging right temporal swelling. There were no neurological deficits. Imaging revealed an enhancing, soft tissue mass at the right infratemporal region involving the right temporalis muscle with a small, enhancing intradural component and associated hyperostosis of the greater wing of the right sphenoid bone. Tumour debulking of the right temporalis tumour was performed. Tumour invasion of the right temporalis muscle was noted intraoperatively. Histopathological result was consistent with fibrous meningioma WHO Grade 1 involving surgical resection margins. Follow-up MRI revealed residual right temporal extracranial component. Thus, plans were made for a second stage tumour debulking, however at time of writing, surgery had not been performed. This case highlights the differing appearances of the common meningioma occurring extracranially with elaboration of its differential diagnosis and management.
Analysis of activator treatment changes

Hashim HA

Aust Orthod J, 1991 Oct;12(2):100-4.
PMID: 1843791

The effects of functional appliance treatment have been reported in numerous studies in the literature with great variability in the findings. It is generally agreed that they can be used successfully to treat Class II malocclusions in growing and cooperative patients. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the relative orthodontic and orthopedic correction obtained by functional appliances in Class II correction. Lateral cephalometric radiographs from a sample (n = 36) of patients who had undergone a phase of treatment with activator appliances were measured and analysed for changes using a modified version of the method described by Johnston (Hashim and Godfrey 1990). In this method, the treatment changes were broken down into: tooth movement relative to basal bone; and the translatory growth of the jaws, both with respect to the cranial base and to each other. The results show that the treatment effects were mainly dentoalveolar. There was a slight orthopedic effect on the maxilla, but no significant mandibular growth was observed, above that which can be expected from normal growth.
Animal health emergencies: prevention and preparedness in Asia

Hashim HD

Rev. - Off. Int. Epizoot., 1999 Apr;18(1):47-51.
PMID: 10190203

Besides response and recovery, prevention and preparedness are the two critical components of any contingency plan. The author discusses the various elements which must be present in the prevention and preparedness plan of countries in Asia. As the continent has such diverse peoples and veterinary infrastructures, the actual plan may vary from one country to another, but must incorporate those elements which are crucial to ensure the success of the preparedness plan.
Association between HER-2/neu over-expression and clinico-pathologic parameters of breast cancer in northern Malaysia

Kamil M, Yusuf N, Khalid I, Islam R, Biswas M, Hashim H

Ceylon Med J, 2010 Mar;55(1):9-13.
PMID: 20446534

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the commonest cancer affecting women world wide. Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer related mortality in Asian countries. Management of breast cancer depends on several tumour-related and patient related factors. HER-2/neu over-expression has been associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer. We assessed HER-2/neu over expression pattern in unselected breast cancer cases in terms of clinico-pathologic parameters to identify any associations between them.
METHODS: Two hundred cases of breast cancer were evaluated at Advanced Medical and Dental Institute and Hospital Kepala Batas from 2002 to 2007. HER-2/neu status was confirmed in breast cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemical expression of HER-2/neu was evaluated according to the published scoring guidelines of the 'Hercep Test' (Dako, Carpinteria, CA). Data were analysed to identify any association between HER-2/neu and clinico-pathologic parameters.
RESULTS: HER-2/neu over expression was found in 63 (31.5%) tumours out of 200. When assessed for various age groups no significant association was found. However, a high percentage (75%) of over-expression was noted in the 81-85 years age group. No association was found with different racial groups (Malay, Chinese and Indians), with lymph node status or with grade of tumour. However a positive association was observed with oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expression.
CONCLUSION: There was no association between HER-2/neu over expression and age, race, lymph node status or tumor grade. However a positive association was found with oestrogen and progesterone receptor status.
Association of carcinoma breast: grade and estrogen progesterone receptor expression

Kamil M, Khalid I, Hashim H, Biswas M, Kaur G, Islam R

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 2010 Apr;20(4):250-2.
PMID: 20392401 DOI: 04.2010/JCPSP.250252

To determine the association between histological grade of tumour and estrogen progesterone receptors (ER/PR) expression in unselected invasive carcinoma of breast in Malaysian patients.
Fulltext Atypical Clival Chordoma in an Adolescent without Imaging Evidence of Bone Involvement

Hashim H, Rosman AK, Abdul Aziz A, Roqiah AK, Bakar NS

Malays J Med Sci, 2014 Sep-Oct;21(5):78-82.
PMID: 25977639

Clival chordoma is a rare primary bone tumour that arises from the remnant of the notochord and typically occurs in older adults. Upon imaging, the tumour can be seen arising from the clivus and causes clival destruction. This usually provides insight for a diagnosis. Here we present a case of a non-enhancing, pre-pontine mass that was hypointense on T1W and hyperintense on T2W in an adolescent. No clival bone erosion was observed. Based on the age group, imaging findings, and lack of clival erosion, a provisional diagnosis of epidermoid cyst was made and the tumour was resected. This patient was eventually diagnosed with a clival chordoma based on histopathological examination.
Children's exercise behavior: the moderating role of habit processes within the theory of planned behavior

Hashim HA, Jawis MN, Wahat A, Grove JR

Psychol Health Med, 2014;19(3):335-43.
PMID: 23796233 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2013.808751

The moderating effect of exercise habit strength and specific habit processes within the theory of planned behavior (TPB) was tested in children.
Cladosporium spp. endogenous endophthalmitis simulating the classic "headlight-in-the-fog" appearance of active toxoplasmosis

Abd Hamid A, Suan ALL, Hashim H, Kamarudin Z, Muhammed J

Oman J Ophthalmol, 2022;15(3):379-381.
PMID: 36760965 DOI: 10.4103/ojo.ojo_459_20

Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis caused by an unusual fungus poses both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We report a case of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by a rare mold, namely Cladosporium spp., which presented with a foveal abscess. A 52-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with rectal carcinoma presented with pain, redness, and a loss of vision in the right eye. He had been experiencing the symptoms for 1 week. The patient had undergone gastrointestinal surgery 2 weeks before experiencing the eye complaint. His best-corrected visual acuity was hand movements. Fundus examination revealed a foveal abscess of around a half-disc diameter in size that simulated retinochoroiditis with vitritis. Optical coherence tomography of the macula revealed a hyperreflective lesion in the fovea, which breached the full thickness of the fovea and extended into the preretinal space. Ocular toxoplasmosis was considered. On that basis, oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was given for 1 week, although the patient's condition worsened. A vitreous tap and an intravitreal combination of vancomycin, ceftazidime, and amphotericin B were administered twice but did not improve the patient's condition. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed and the vitreous biopsy results revealed the presence of Cladosporium spp. Intravitreal voriconazole was given three times and the foveal abscess resolved into a scar. Endophthalmitis caused by Cladosporium spp. is uncommon and published case reports are extremely limited. The present case may provide insight into the variable presentation of fungal endophthalmitis and, therefore, assist with the early diagnosis and appropriate management of the condition.
Fulltext Clinical factors associated with sexual dysfunction among men in methadone maintenance treatment and buprenorphine maintenance treatment: a meta-analysis study

Yee A, Loh HS, Hisham Hashim HM, Ng CG

Int J Impot Res, 2014 Sep-Oct;26(5):161-6.
PMID: 24990199 DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2014.18

Methadone maintenance treatment is proven to be effective treatment for opioid dependence. Of the many adverse events reported, sexual dysfunction is one of the most common side effects. However, there may be other clinical factors that are associated with sexual dysfunction among methadone users. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the clinical factors associated with sexual dysfunction among male patients on methadone and buprenorphine treatments, of which eligible studies were selected using prior defined criteria. A total of 2619 participants from 16 eligible studies, published from inception till December 2012, were identified from the PubMed, OVID and EMBASE databases. The included studies provided prevalence estimates for sexual dysfunction among methadone users with a meta-analytical pooled prevalence of 52% (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.39-0.65). Only four studies compared sexual dysfunction between the two groups, with a significantly higher combined odds ratio in the methadone group (odds ratio=4.01, 95% CI, 1.52-10.55, P=0.0049). Our study shows that eight clinical factors are associated with sexual dysfunction among men receiving opioid substitution treatment, namely age, hormone assays, duration of treatment, methadone dose, medical status, psychiatric illness, other current substance use and familial status, and methadone versus buprenorphine treatment. Despite the methodological limitations, the findings of this meta-analysis study may offer better insights to clinicians in dealing with both sexual dysfunction and its related problems.
Fulltext Clival Chordoma in an Adolescent: A Perspective from Primary Care

Miptah HN, Badlishah-Sham SF, Hashim H, Ramli AS

Korean J Fam Med, 2020 Nov;41(6):427-430.
PMID: 32438537 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.19.0004

Clival chordoma is a rare malignant tumor of the brain that typically occurs in older adults. It has a high local recurrence rate and is hence associated with poor prognosis. Here, we report a case of an adolescent who presented with a 1-month history of worsening headache and blurring of vision, as well as a 6-month history of left-sided facial and body numbness. Clinical findings were consistent with left upper motor neuron lesion of the seventh cranial nerve with involvement of the fifth cranial nerve. He was also found to have a sixth cranial nerve palsy demonstrated by diplopia upon lateral gaze with no evidence of papilledema. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain suggested clival chordoma. He was subsequently referred to the neurosurgical team, and he successfully underwent an endoscopic trans-sphenoidal surgery to excise the lesion. He recovered well, continued his follow-ups with the neurosurgical team, and showed good progress. He also attended regular follow-ups with his primary care physician to ensure ongoing psychosocial support and monitoring of his overall health status. This case demonstrates the importance of prompt identification and treatment of clival chordoma in an adolescent. Long-term follow-ups and shared care between primary and secondary care physicians are essential to monitor recurrence of tumor and to provide psychosocial support.
Complementary alternative medicine use amongst breast cancer patients in the Northern region of peninsular Malaysia

Knight A, Hwa YS, Hashim H

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2015;16(8):3125-30.
PMID: 25921108

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a common cancer affecting women in Malaysia and the use of complementary/ alternative medicine (CAM) has been associated with delays in getting treatment. The aim of the study was to explore the use of CAM and the influencing factors in the Northern region of Peninsular Malaysia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study on a convenience sample of 100 Malaysian breast cancer survivors.
FINDINGS: The reported use of CAM among the breast cancer survivors was lower than in other studies but the types of CAM used had a similar pattern with nutrition supplements/vitamins being the most common. The factors that positively influenced the use of complimentary/traditional therapy were income and getting information from television or radio. Survivors with access to internet/blogs appear to have lower odds of using complimentary/traditional therapy compared to the respondents who reported no such access.
CONCLUSIONS: Information transmitted via television and radio appears to have a positive influence on CAM use by breast cancer patients compared to other information sources and it is important to ensure that such information is accurate and impartial.
Fulltext Cotton-ball granuloma mimicking axillary lymphadenopathy in a breast cancer patient

Hashim H, Alli K, Faridah Y, Rahmat K

Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2011 07 01;7(3):e19.
PMID: 22279496 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.7.3.e19

Foreign body granuloma is a reaction to either a biodegradable substance or inert material. In a breast cancer patient who had undergone an excision or mastectomy with axillary clearance, a foreign body granuloma in the axilla may be misinterpreted as an axillary lymph node. We report our experience with a case of cotton-ball granuloma of the axilla in a breast cancer patient, which mimics a lymph node radiologically from the CT scan, mammogram and ultrasonography. Following biopsy and excision, the mass was diagnosed histologically as a foreign body granuloma.

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