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  1. Fulltext Genotyping of Salmonella strains isolated from ducks, their rearing and processing environments in Penang, Malaysia, using RAPD
    Adzitey F, Ali GR, Huda N, Ahmad R
    3 Biotech, 2013 Dec;3(6):521-527.
    PMID: 28324423 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-013-0115-7
    Salmonella species are important foodborne pathogens that can cause illness and death in humans. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic relatedness of 115 Salmonella strains isolated from ducks and their environment using random amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid (RAPD). The analysis of Salmonella strains by RAPD produced DNA fingerprints of different sizes for differentiation purposes, and cluster analysis at a coefficient of 0.85 grouped the Salmonella strains into various clusters and singletons. S. Typhimurium were grouped into nine clusters and ten singletons, S. Hadar were grouped into seven clusters and nine singletons, S. Enteritidis were grouped into four clusters and five singletons, S. Braenderup were grouped into five clusters and four singletons, S. Albany were grouped into two clusters and seven singletons, and S. Derby were grouped into two clusters and four singletons at a coefficient of 0.85 with discriminatory index (D) ranging from 0.879 to 0.957. With the exception of S. Typhimurium strains which were grouped into three major groups (genotypes) by RAPD analysis, the rest were grouped into two major genotypes. RAPD was a useful genotyping tool for determining the genetic relatedness of the duck Salmonella strains. Comparison of the genetic relatedness among foodborne pathogens and their sources of isolation are important to trace their source and possibly the source of human infection.
  2. Fulltext Molecular techniques for detecting and typing of bacteria, advantages and application to foodborne pathogens isolated from ducks
    Adzitey F, Huda N, Ali GR
    3 Biotech, 2013 Apr;3(2):97-107.
    PMID: 28324565 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-012-0074-4
    In recent times, several foodborne pathogens have become important and a threat to public health. Surveillance studies have provided data and a better understanding into the existence and spread of foodborne pathogens. The application of molecular techniques for detecting and typing of foodborne pathogens in surveillance studies provide reliable epidemiological data for tracing the source of human infections. A wide range of molecular techniques (including pulsed field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing, random amplified polymorphism deoxyribonucleic acid, repetitive extragenic palindromic, deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing, multiplex polymerase chain reaction and many more) have been used for detecting, speciating, typing, classifying and/or characterizing foodborne pathogens of great significance to humans. Farm animals including chickens, cattle, sheep, goats and pigs, and others (such as domestic and wild animals) have been reported to be primary reservoirs for foodborne pathogens. The consumption of contaminated poultry meats or products has been considered to be the leading source of human foodborne infections. Ducks like other farm animals are important source of foodborne pathogens and have been implicated in some human foodborne illnesses and deaths. Nonetheless, few studies have been conducted to explore the potential of ducks in causing foodborne outbreaks, diseases and its consequences. This review highlights some common molecular techniques, their advantages and those that have been applied to pathogens isolated from ducks and their related sources.
  3. Fulltext Escherichia coli of Ready-to-Eat (RTE) Meats Origin Showed Resistance to Antibiotics Used by Farmers
    Abass A, Adzitey F, Huda N
    Antibiotics (Basel), 2020 Dec 04;9(12).
    PMID: 33291648 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120869
    Bacterial foodborne infections, including meat-derived infections, are globally associated with diseases and some deaths. Antibiotics are sometimes used to treat bacterial infections. The use of antibiotics by farmers contributes to the development of resistance by foodborne pathogens. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotics used by farmers and the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in ready-to-eat (RTE) meat sources. Data was obtained from livestock farmers through the administration of semistructured questionnaires (n = 376) to obtain information on their demographics, knowledge and antibiotic usage. The procedure in the USA Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s Bacteriological Analytical Manual was used for E. coli detection. Antibiotic resistance test was performed using the disk diffusion method. The findings revealed that most of the farmers were male (74.5%), were aged 30-39 years (28.5%), had tertiary education (30.3%) and had 6-10 years of experience in livestock husbandry. Sheep (65.7%) were the most reared livestock, and antibiotics were mostly used to treat sick animals (36.7%). Tetracycline (27.7%) was the most common antibiotic used by farmers, followed by amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (18.6%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (11.7%). Most farmers (56.1%) said they had knowledge of antibiotic usage. The prevalence of E. coli in RTE meats was lowest in pork (6.0%) and highest in chevon (20.0%). E. coli isolates from RTE meats were highly resistant to teicoplanin (96.77%), tetracycline (93.55%), amoxicillin/clavulanic (70.97%), azithromycin (70.97%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (58.06%) but was susceptible to chloramphenicol (93.55%), ciprofloxacin (61.29%) and ceftriaxone (58.06%). The multiple antibiotic index ranged from 0.22 to 0.78. Multidrug resistance (93.55%) was high among the E. coli isolates. The resistance pattern AmcAzmTecTeSxt (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-azithromycin-telcoplanin-tetracycline-trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) was the most common. The use of antibiotics by farmers must be well regulated. Sellers of RTE meats also ought to take hygiene practices seriously to keep meat safe and healthy for public consumption.
  4. The first ITS2 sequence data set of eDNA from honey of Malaysian giant honeybees (Apis dorsata) and stingless bees (Heterotrigona itama) reveals plant species diversity
    Huda N, Ullah S, Wahab RA, Lani MN, Daud NHA, Shariff AHM, et al.
    BMC Res Notes, 2023 Sep 12;16(1):211.
    PMID: 37700361 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06495-9
    OBJECTIVES: Pollen is a useful tool for identifying the provenance and complex ecosystems surrounding honey production in Malaysian forests. As native key pollinators in Malaysia, Apis dorsata and Heterotrigona itama forage on various plant/pollen species to collect honey. This study aims to generate a dataset that uncovers the presence of these plant/pollen species and their relative abundance in the honey of A. dorsata and H. itama. The information gathered from this study can be used to determine the geographical and botanical origin and authenticity of the honey produced by these two species.

    RESULTS: Sequence data were obtained for both A. dorsata and H. itama. The raw sequence data for A. dorsata was 5 Mb, which was assembled into 5 contigs with a size of 6,098,728 bp, an N50 of 15,534, and a GC average of 57.42. Similarly, the raw sequence data for H. itama was 6.3 Mb, which was assembled into 11 contigs with a size of 7,642,048 bp, an N50 of 17,180, and a GC average of 55.38. In the honey sample of A. dorsata, we identified five different plant/pollen species, with only one of the five species exhibiting a relative abundance of less than 1%. For H. itama, we identified seven different plant/pollen species, with only three of the species exhibiting a relative abundance of less than 1%. All of the identified plant species were native to Peninsular Malaysia, especially the East Coast area of Terengganu.

    DATA DESCRIPTION: Our data offers valuable insights into honey's geographical and botanical origin and authenticity. Metagenomic studies could help identify the plant species that honeybees forage and provide preliminary data for researchers studying the biological development of A. dorsata and H. itama. The identification of various flowers from the eDNA of honey that are known for their medicinal properties could aid in regional honey with accurate product origin labeling, which is crucial for guaranteeing product authenticity to consumers.

  5. Nonmeat Protein Alternatives as Meat Extenders and Meat Analogs
    Asgar MA, Fazilah A, Huda N, Bhat R, Karim AA
    Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf, 2010 Sep;9(5):513-529.
    PMID: 33467834 DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00124.x
      The direct consumption of vegetable proteins in food products has been increasing over the years because of animal diseases, global shortage of animal protein, strong demand for wholesome and religious (halal) food, and economic reasons. The increasing importance of legume and oilseed proteins in the manufacturing of various functional food products is due to their high-protein contents. However, the greatest obstacle to utilizing these legumes and oilseeds is the presence of antinutrients; but these antinutrients can be successfully removed or inactivated by employing certain processing methods. In contrast, the potential negative impact of the antinutrients is partially balanced by the fact that they may have a health-promoting role. Legumes and oilseeds provide well-balanced amino acid profiles when consumed with cereals. Soybean proteins, wheat gluten, cottonseed proteins, and other plant proteins have been used for texturization. Texturized vegetable proteins can extend meat products while providing an economical, functional, and high-protein food ingredient or can be consumed directly as a meat analog. Meat analogs are successful because of their healthy image (cholesterol free), meat-like texture, and low cost. Mycoprotein is fungal in origin and is used as a high-protein, low-fat, health-promoting food ingredient. Mycoprotein has a good taste and texture. Texturized vegetable proteins and a number of mycoprotein products are accepted as halal foods. This article summarizes information regarding the molecular, nutritional, and functional properties of alternative protein sources to meat and presents current knowledge to encourage further research to optimize the beneficial effects of alternative protein sources.
  6. Fulltext Chitosan/aloe vera gel coatings infused with orange peel essential oils for fruits preservation
    Felicia WXL, Kobun R, Nur Aqilah NM, Mantihal S, Huda N
    Curr Res Food Sci, 2024;8:100680.
    PMID: 38328465 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100680
    Continuous fruit waste poses significant environmental and economic challenges, necessitating innovative fruit coating technologies. This research focuses on harnessing discarded orange peels to extract essential oil (OPEO), which is then integrated into a chitosan/aloe vera (CTS/AVG) matrix. The study comprehensively characterised the coating in terms of its physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial efficacy. The investigation involved an analysis of particle size and distribution in the coating solutions, highlighting changes induced by the incorporation of orange peel essential oil (1 %, 2 % and 3 % v/w) into the chitosan/aloe vera (4:1 v/v) matrix, including particle size reduction and enhanced Brownian motion. The study quantifies a 33.21 % decrease in water vapour transmission rate and a reduction in diffusion coefficient from 9.26 × 10-11 m2/s to 6.20 × 10-11 m2/s following the addition of OPEO to CTS/AVG. Assessment of antioxidant potential employing DPPH radical scavenging assays, revealed that CTS/AVG/3 %OPEO exhibited notably superior radical scavenging activity compared to CTS/AVG, CTS/AVG/1 %OPEO, and CTS/AVG/2 %OPEO, demonstrated by its IC50 value of 17.01 ± 0.45 mg/mL. The study employs the well diffusion method, demonstrating a higher susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria to the coating solutions than gram-positive counterparts. Remarkably, CTS/AVG/3 %OPEO displayed the most pronounced inhibition against Escherichia coli, generating an inhibitory zone diameter of 14 ± 0.8 mm. The results collectively emphasised the potential of CTS/AVG/3 %OPEO as a viable natural alternative to synthetic preservatives within the fruit industry, attributed to its exceptional antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
  7. Fulltext Differentiation of ripe and unripe fruit flour using mineral composition data-Statistical assessment
    Alkarkhi AFM, Alqaraghuli WAA, Mohamed Zam NR, Manan DMA, Mahmud MN, Huda N
    Data Brief, 2020 Jun;30:105414.
    PMID: 32258278 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105414
    Data on the mineral composition and content of one heavy metal measured in three different fruit flours prepared from ripe and unripe fruits (pulp and peel) are presented. The mineral composition (sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn)) and content of one heavy metal (lead (Pb)) of the flours were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The analysis showed that the data can be used for differentiation between different fruits and stages of ripeness, as revealed by discriminant analysis and cluster analysis. The data provided can be used by researchers and scientists in the differentiation of fruits based on major and minor mineral elements.
  8. Fulltext Baseline amplicon sequencing data for the ITS2 region in the green honey of Banggi Island, Sabah
    Ullah S, Huda N, Wahab RA, Hamid AAA, Nasir MHM, Mohamad MAN, et al.
    Data Brief, 2024 Feb;52:110044.
    PMID: 38328502 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110044
    Green honey, was discovered on Banggi Island, Sabah, showing high in essential amino acids and chlorophyll derivatives. Despite its lucrative market potential owing to its distinctive color, uncertainties persist regarding its nature. This study leverages amplicon sequencing by targeting micro- and macro-organisms present in honey environmental DNA (eDNA) using Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) region, enabling the identification of floral and microorganism sources that represent the honey's composition. The investigation into green honey from Banggi Island concerns the prevalence of honey adulteration and authenticity for economic gain. Adulteration methods, such as the addition of sugar syrups, compromise honey purity. Using a sequencing approach would help in determining the geographic origin and verifying the authenticity of the honey. The study aims to identify plant species or microorganisms in honey's eDNA. To authenticate honey, we utilized ITS2 with Illumina sequencing, exploring the diversity of green honey samples. Raw sequence reads obtained for the green honey sample revealed 1,438,627 raw reads, with a GC average of 49.22 %. A total of 44 amplicon sequence variances (ASVs) were identified, including three genera: Zygosaccharomyces with two species, Fraxinus with three species, and the genus Ficaria with only one species. Their respective relative abundances were 98.55%, 0.94%, and 0.51%. Zygosaccharomyces rouxii and Zygosaccharomyces mellis were identified as the pre-dominant yeast species in honey, while the Fraxinus and Ficaria genus represent common plant species in Sabah, particularly in Banggi Island. The dominance of Zygosaccharomyces species aligns with their known prevalence in honey, affirming the reliability of our findings. The presence of Fraxinus and Ficaria in the honey sample correlates with its abundance in the local environment. This amplicon sequencing approach not only contributes to our understanding of green honey composition but also serves as a valuable resource for authenticating honey origin in Malaysia, particularly for green honey from Banggi Island, Sabah. Our study pioneers the application of ITS2 amplicon sequencing for green honey amplicon sequencing, providing valuable insights into its composition and origin. This methodology, with a focus on eDNA, contributes to the authentication and quality determination of honey in Malaysia, addressing the pressing concerns of adulteration and variability in production practices.
  9. Fulltext Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of GABA-producing lactic acid bacteria isolated from indigenous dadih of West Sumatera, Indonesia
    Anggraini L, Marlida Y, Wizna W, Jamsari J, Mirzah M, Adzitey F, et al.
    F1000Res, 2018 10 19;7:1663.
    PMID: 32201563 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.16224.3
    Background: Dadih (fermented buffalo milk) is a traditional Indonesian food originating from West Sumatra province. The fermentation process is carried out by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are naturally present in buffalo milk.  Lactic acid bacteria have been reported as one of potential producers of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA acts as a neurotransmitter inhibitor of the central nervous system. Methods: In this study, molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of GABA producing LAB isolated from indigenous dadih of West Sumatera were determined. Identification of the GABA-producing LAB DS15 was based on conventional polymerase chain reaction. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was used to identify LAB DS15. Results: PCR of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of LAB DS15 gave an approximately 1400 bp amplicon.  Phylogenetic analysis showed that LAB DS15 was Pediococcusacidilactici, with high similarity of 99% at 100% query coverage to Pediococcusacidilactici strain DSM 20284. Conclusions: It can be concluded that GABA producing LAB isolated from indigenous dadih was Pediococcus acidilactici.
  10. Frozen storage stability of beef patties incorporated with extracts from ulam raja leaves (Cosmos caudatus)
    Reihani SF, Tan TC, Huda N, Easa AM
    Food Chem, 2014 Jul 15;155:17-23.
    PMID: 24594148 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.027
    In Malaysia, fresh ulam raja leaves (Cosmos caudatus) are eaten raw with rice. In this study, beef patties incorporated with extracts of ulam raja (UREX) and commercial green tea extract (GTE) added individually at 200 and 500 mg/kg were stored at -18°C for up to 10 weeks. Lipid oxidation, cooking yield, physicochemical properties, textural properties, proximate composition and sensory characteristics of the beef patties were compared between those incorporated with UREX, GTE and the control (pure beef patty). Incorporation of UREX or GTE at 500 mg/kg into beef patties reduced the extent of lipid oxidation significantly (P<0.05). UREX showed a strong lipid oxidation inhibitory effect, comparable with GTE. In addition, a significant improvement (P<0.05) in cooking yield and textural properties was also recorded. However, incorporation of UREX and GTE into beef patties showed no significant influence (P>0.05) on the colour, pH, proximate composition and overall sensory acceptability of the patties.
  11. Pulsed electric field assisted process for extraction of bioactive compounds from custard apple (Annona squamosa) leaves
    Ahmad Shiekh K, Odunayo Olatunde O, Zhang B, Huda N, Benjakul S
    Food Chem, 2021 Oct 15;359:129976.
    PMID: 33957326 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129976
    Impact of pulsed electric field (PEF) assisted process on preparation of custard apple leaf extract (CALE) using ethanol (70%, v/v) was studied. Different electric field strengths (2-6 kV/cm), pulse numbers (100-300 pulses) with specific energies (45-142 kJ/kg) for 2.5 to 5 min were implemented. Cell disintegration index was higher in CALE when PEF 6 kV/cm, 300 pulses, 142 kJ/kg for 5 min was applied. Extraction yield was higher (+5.2%) than the untreated counterpart (13.28%). Chlorophyll A and B contents were negligible in PEF pre-treated CALE. PEF improved radical scavenging activities assessed by DPPH, ABTS radical scavening activities and FRAP. The antibacterial properties of CALE against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were highest. Purpureacin 2 and rutin were abundant in PEF pre-treated CALE. Therefore PEF was the potential aid in augmenting extraction yield and bioactivities of the extract from custard apple leaves.
  12. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter, Salmonella, and L. monocytogenes in ducks: a review
    Adzitey F, Huda N, Ali GR
    Foodborne Pathog Dis, 2012 Jun;9(6):498-505.
    PMID: 22571641 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2011.1109
    Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes are important bacterial pathogens associated with gastroenteritis. The consumption of poultry meat and their products is considered as a major and leading source of human infection. While surveys of chicken meat and products, and its association with foodborne pathogens are widely available, such information on ducks is scarce. This survey examines the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter, Salmonella and L. monocytogenes isolated from ducks. Data obtained from key surveys are summarized. The observed prevalence of these pathogens and their resistance to various antibiotics varies from one study to the other. The mean prevalence (and range means from individual surveys) are duck 53.0% (0.0-83.3%), duck meat and parts 31.6% (12.5-45.8%), and duck rearing and processing environment 94.4% (92.0-96.7%) for Campylobacter spp. For Salmonella spp., the mean prevalence data are duck 19.9% (3.3-56.9%), duck meat and parts 28.4% (4.4-75.6%), duck egg, shell, and content 17.5% (0-4.17%), and duck rearing and processing environment 32.5% (10.5-82.6%). Studies on the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of L. monocytogenes in ducks are by far very rare compared to Campylobacter and Salmonella, although ducks have been noted to be a potential source for these foodborne pathogens. From our survey, ducks were more frequently contaminated with Campylobacter than Salmonella. Campylobacter and Salmonella spp. also exhibited varying resistance to multiple antibiotics.
  13. Fulltext Tea Polyphenols and Their Preventive Measures against Cancer: Current Trends and Directions
    Trisha AT, Shakil MH, Talukdar S, Rovina K, Huda N, Zzaman W
    Foods, 2022 Oct 25;11(21).
    PMID: 36359962 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213349
    Cancer is exerting an immense strain on the population and health systems all over the world. Green tea because of its higher simple catechin content (up to 30% on dry weight basis) is greatly popular as an anti-cancer agent which is found to reduce the risks of cancer as well as a range of other diseases. In addition, several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that green tea possesses copious health benefits like anti-diabetic, anti-obese, anti-inflammatory, neuro-protective, cardio-protective, etc. This review highlights the anti-carcinogenic effects of green tea catechins integrating the recent information to gain a clear concept. Special emphasis was given to the effectiveness of green tea polyphenols (GTP) in the prevention of cancer. Overall, green tea has been found to be effective to reduce the risks of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, skin cancer, prostate cancer, oral cancer, etc. However, sufficient information was not found to support that green tea consumption reduces the risk of lung cancer, esophageal cancer, or stomach cancer. The exciting data integrated into this article will increase interest in future researchers to garner more fruitful information on the relevant topics.
  14. Fulltext Nitrites in Cured Meats, Health Risk Issues, Alternatives to Nitrites: A Review
    Shakil MH, Trisha AT, Rahman M, Talukdar S, Kobun R, Huda N, et al.
    Foods, 2022 Oct 25;11(21).
    PMID: 36359973 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213355
    Nitrite is one of the most widely used curing ingredients in meat industries. Nitrites have numerous useful applications in cured meats and a vital component in giving cured meats their unique characteristics, such as their pink color and savory flavor. Nitrites are used to suppress the oxidation of lipid and protein in meat products and to limit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms such as Clostridium botulinum. Synthetic nitrite is frequently utilized for curing due to its low expenses and easier applications to meat. However, it is linked to the production of nitrosamines, which has raised several health concerns among consumers regarding its usage in meat products. Consumer desire for healthier meat products prepared with natural nitrite sources has increased due to a rising awareness regarding the application of synthetic nitrites. However, it is important to understand the various activities of nitrite in meat curing for developing novel substitutes of nitrites. This review emphasizes on the effects of nitrite usage in meat and highlights the role of nitrite in the production of carcinogenic nitrosamines as well as possible nitrite substitutes from natural resources explored also.
  15. Fulltext Green honey of Banggi Island: A preliminary anti-diabetic study on zebrafish model
    Ullah S, Huyop F, Huda N, Ab Wahab R, Hamid AAA, Mohamad MAN, et al.
    Heliyon, 2024 Feb 29;10(4):e26469.
    PMID: 38404777 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26469
    Zebrafish is a developing vertebrate model with several advantages, including its small size, and high experimental efficiency. Malaysia exhibit one of the highest diabetes rates in the Western Pacific and incurring an annual cost of 600 million US dollars. The objective of the study is to determine the antidiabetic properties of green honey (GH) using a zebrafish model. Adult zebrafish, aged 3-4 months, were subjected to overfeeding and treated with streptozotocin (STZ) through intraperitoneal injection (IP) on days 7 and 9. The study assessed the oral sucrose tolerance test (OSTT) and the anti-diabetic effects of green honey. The evaluation was conducted at three time points: 30, 60, and 120 min after treatment and sucrose administration. The study utilised a model with a sample size of 5. The study was performed in six groups. These groups are (1) Normal control (non-diabetic, no intervention), (2) Normal control + GH (non-diabetic, supplemented with GH 3 μl), (3) DM control (diabetic, no intervention), (4) DM Gp1 (diabetic, 3 μL GH), (5) DM Gp2 (diabetic, 6 μ L GH), (6) DM Acarbose (diabetic, treated with acarbose). Fasting blood glucose levels for non-diabetic (non-DM) and diabetic (DM) groups were evaluated before and after the 10 days of diabetic induction. DM groups (excess of food and two injections of STZ) have caused a significant increment in the fasting blood glucose to 11.55 mmol/l (p 
  16. Fulltext Thermal gelation properties and quality characteristics of duck surimi-like material (duckrimi) as affected by the selected washing processes
    Ng, X.Y., Huda, N.
    International Food Research Journal, 2011;18(2):731-740.
    MyJurnal
    The effects of washing treatments and washing cycles on the thermal gelation properties and quality
    characteristics of duckrimi (duck-base surimi-like material) were evaluated. Minced spent layer duck (4.5 mm orifice diameter) were washed by using either tap water, 0.1M NaCl, 0.5% NaHCO3 and 0.04M sodium phosphate in one, two or three washing cycles, respectively. Washing with 0.04M sodium phosphate in three washing cycles significantly increased (P
  17. Fulltext The effects of egg white powder addition with tapioca and sago flours on physicochemical and sensory properties of duck sausage
    Muthia, D., Huda, N., Ismail, N., Easa, A.M.
    International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(4):1415-1421.
    MyJurnal
    The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of using tapioca and sago flours with or without egg white powder (EWP) on the physicochemical and sensory properties of duck sausages. There was significant increase (P0.05) in hardness and cohesiveness attributes among all the samples examined but significant differences (P
  18. Fulltext Degree of hydrolysis and free tryptophan content of Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) protein hydrolysates produced with different type of industrial proteases
    Herpandi, Huda, N., Rosma, A., Wan Nadiah W. A.
    International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(3):863-867.
    MyJurnal
    Protein-rich by-products from the canning industry, especially dark flesh of skipjack, have limited uses due to several factors such as darken color, susceptibility to oxidation and off flavour. Protein hydrolysates from skipjack dark flesh was produced with different type of industrial proteases (Alcalase®2.4L FG, Protamex®, Neutrase®1.5MG and Flavourzyme®500MG) for 60, 120, 180 and 240 min with level of proteases used of 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% per weight of raw material. The degree of hydrolysis and free tryptophan content of hydrolysate were investigated. The results shows longer time with higher concentration of enzyme has increased the degree of hydrolysis. Alcalase®2.4L FG had the highest degree of hydrolysis among all proteases followed by Protamex®, Flavourzyme®500MG and Neutrase® 1.5MG. All enzymes increase free tryptophan content linearly with the increament of protease enzyme level. The longer the hydrolysis time, the higher the content of free tryptophan produced.
  19. Fulltext Incorporation of surimi powder in wet yellow noodles and its effects on the physicochemical and sensory properties
    Chin, C.K., Huda, N., Yang, T.A.
    International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(2):701-707.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this study was to produce a high-protein, wet yellow noodle by the incorporation of surimi powder as a protein source and evaluate the effects of the physicochemical and sensory properties of the
    noodle. The surimi powder was prepared by oven drying the wet surimi at 60oC until the moisture content was below 10%. Five concentration levels of surimi powder substitutions were used (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%), and as a result, the noodles showed a trend that significantly increased (P
  20. Fulltext Antibiotic resistance and plasmid profile of Escherichia coli isolated from ducks in Penang, Malaysia
    Adzitey F., Ali, G.R.R., Huda, N., Ting, S.L.
    International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(3):1473-1478.
    MyJurnal
    Fifty five (n=55) isolates of Escherichia coli isolated from ducks in Penang, Malaysia were examined for their susceptibility to eleven different antibiotics and assayed for the presence of plasmid DNAs. All the 55 Escherichia coli isolates were resistant (100%) to vancomycin. Higher resistance (= 60) occurred for tetracycline 51 (92.7%), ampicillin 40 (72.7%), streptomycin 37 (67.3%), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethophrim 37 (67.3%). No and low resistance was observed for nitrofurantoin (0%) and gentamicin (1.8%), respectively. The isolates also showed some intermediate resistances to all antibiotics examined except for vancomycin. The 55 Escherichia coli isolates exhibited 23 different antibiotic resistant patterns with MAR index ranging from 0.09-0.82. Majority of the Escherichia coli isolates exhibited resistant pattern of VA-C-OFX-SXT-TE-AMP-NA-KF and VA-S-C-OFX-SXT-TE-AMP-NA-KF with MAR index of 0.73 and 0.82, respectively. The smallest plasmid DNA size was 1.2 kb and the largest plasmid DNA size was 81.5 kb. 51 (93%) of the duck Escherichia coli isolates harbored plasmids. The was no direct correlation between plasmid DNA sizes and antibiotic resistant among the duck Escherichia coli isolates. Thus, the antibiotic resistant of the Escherichia coli isolates could mostly be mediated by chromosomes instead of plasmids. This study also suggests that the use of antibiotics in duck farming in Penang, Malaysia needs to be controlled to prevent the spread of multiple antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli isolates.
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