Materials and Methods: This study utilized 10 LAB previously isolated from fermented buffalo milk (dadih), fermented fish (budu), and fermented cassava (tape) which have the ability to produce gamma-aminobutyric acid. The study commenced with the screening of LAB for certain properties, such as resistance to acid and bile salts, adhesion to mucosal surface, and antagonism against enteric pathogens (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Staphylococcus aureus). The promising isolates were identified through biochemical and gram staining methods.
Results: All isolates in this study were potential novel probiotics. They survived at a pH level of 2.5 for 3 h (55.27-98.18%) and 6 h (50.98-84.91%). Survival in bile at a concentration of 0.3% was 39.90-58.61% and the survival rate was 28.38-52.11% at a concentration of 0.5%. The inhibitory diameter ranged from 8.75 to 11.54 mm for E. coli, 7.02 to 13.42 mm for S. aureus, and 12.49 to 19.00 mm for S. Enteritidis. All the isolates (84.5-92%) exhibited the ability to adhere to mucosal surfaces. This study revealed that all the isolates were potential probiotics but N16 proved to be superior because it was viable at a pH level of 2 (84.91%) and it had a good survival rate in bile salts assay (55.07%). This isolate was identified as Lactobacillus spp., Gram-positive bacilli bacteria, and tested negative in both the catalase and oxidase tests.
Conclusion: All the isolates in this study may be used as probiotics, with isolate N16 (Lactobacillus spp.) as the most promising novel probiotic for poultry applications based on its ability to inhibit pathogenic bacteria.
Materials and Methods: The study started with the identification of selected LAB by 16S rRNA, followed by optimization of GABA production by culture conditions using different initial pH, temperature, glutamate concentration, incubation time, carbon, and nitrogen sources. 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction and analysis by phylogenetic were used to identify Lactobacillus plantarum (coded as N5) responsible for the production of GABA.
Results: GABA production by high-performance liquid chromatography was highest at pH of 5.5, temperature of 36°C, glutamate concentration of 500 mM, and incubation time of 84 h. Peptone and glucose served as the nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively, whereas GABA was produced at optimum fermentation condition of 211.169 mM.
Conclusion: Production of GABA by L. plantarum N5 was influenced by initial pH of 5.5, glutamic acid concentration, nitrogen source, glucose as carbon source, and incubation temperature and time.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, using a completely randomized design with three replications, five isolates of LAB (LA.1, LA.6, LA.8, LA.12, and LA.22) along with their supernatants were tested qualitatively and quantitatively for their ability to counter mycotoxins using A. flavus and corn kernels. The isolates with the best activity were identified by sequencing 16S rDNA.
RESULTS: The results showed that the five LAB isolates can inhibit the growth of A. flavus and detoxify AFB1. Among these isolates, LA.12 showed the best performance, followed by LA.22, LA.8, LA.6, and then LA.1. The sequencing results confirmed that LA.12 was Lactobacillus harbinensis strain 487.
CONCLUSION: All of the isolates in this study have the potential as biological agents for detoxifying AFB1, with isolate LA.12 appearing to be the most promising biodetoxification agent for feed (AFB1 in corn) based on its ability to inhibit pathogenic fungi.
METHODS: The fructophilic characteristics of strain Sy-1 were determined, and the genome was sequenced using Illumina iSeq100 and Oxford Nanopore. The average nucleotide identity and phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA, 92 core genes, and whole-genome sequence were performed to unravel the phylogenetic position of strain Sy-1. NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline annotated the genome, while the EggNOG-mapper, BLASTKoala, and GHOSTKoala were used to add functional genes and pathways information.
RESULTS: Strain Sy-1 prefers D-fructose over D-glucose and actively metabolizes D-glucose in the presence of electron acceptors. Genomic annotation of strain Sy-1 revealed few genes involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism, and partial deletion of adhE gene, in line with the characteristic of FLAB. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Sy-1 showed the highest similarity to unknown LAB species isolated from the gut of honeybees. The phylogenetic analyses discovered that strain Sy-1 belonged to the Lactobacillaceae family and formed a separate branch closer to type strain from the genera of Acetilactobacillus and Apilactobacillus. The ANI analysis showed the similarity of the closest relative, Apilactobacillus micheneri Hlig3T. The assembled genome of Sy-1 contains 3 contigs with 2.03 Mbp and a 41% GC content. A total of 1,785 genes were identified, including 1,685 protein-coding genes, 68 tRNA, and 15 rRNA. Interestingly, strain Sy-1 encoded complete genes for the biosynthesis of folate and riboflavin. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis further confirmed the high production of folic acid (1.346 mg/L) by Sy-1.
DISCUSSION: Based on phylogenetic and biochemical characteristics, strain Sy-1 should be classified as a novel genus in the family of Lactobacillaceae and a new member of FLAB. The genome information coupled with experimental studies supported the ability of strain Sy-1 to produce high folic acid. Our collective findings support the suitable application of FLAB strain Sy-1 in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries.
METHODS: Two mangrove species (Bruguiera gymnorhiza and Sonneratia alba) with four extract concentrations (control, 0.05%, 0.15%, 0.25%, and 0.35%) were used to enrich edible films. The elongation, water vapour transmission, thickness, tensile strength, moisture content, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the resulting packaging were analysed.
RESULTS: The results showed that the mangrove species and extract concentration significantly affected (p
METHODS: Lizardfish bone collagens were extracted with various acids (i.e., acetic, lactic and citric acids). All extraction processes were conducted in a chiller room (4 °C). The extracted collagens were biochemically characterized, such as hydroxyproline content, Ultraviolet (UV) absorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra (FTIR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and solubility in different pH values and NaCl concentrations.
RESULTS: The yield of extracted collagens ranged between 1.73% and 2.59%, with the highest (p
Material and Methods: The present study was a hospital based prospective, single centre study. One hundred and two geriatric patients who had sustained hip fracture and had been managed surgically, having no cognitive dysfunction, living independently, having unhindered walking capability before the fracture, were included in the study. They were called for follow-up at 3rd, 6th, and 12th month after the hip surgery. Psychological assessment was done by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and functional outcome by using the Harris hip score (HHS).
Results: Our study did not show association between psychological status and functional outcome except in one sub-group. Significant correlation was observed between the psychological status and functional outcome in most of the patients in the extra-capsular group. We have identified improvement in the depression, anxiety and functional scores during the follow-up.
Conclusion: We conclude that psychiatric disturbances in a geriatric patient after undergoing a surgery for hip fracture may lead to poor recovery. We recommend that all such geriatric patients should undergo a psychological assessment and proper therapy should be instituted to achieve good functional recovery.