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  1. Fulltext Environmentally Benign Water-Soluble Sodium L-2-(1-Imidazolyl) Alkanoic Acids as New Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Artificial Seawater
    Haque J, Zulkifli MFR, Ismail N, Quraishi MA, Mohd Ghazali MS, Berdimurodov E, et al.
    ACS Omega, 2023 Jul 18;8(28):24797-24812.
    PMID: 37483193 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00366
    Three novel natural amino acid-derived sodium L-2-(1-imidazolyl) alkanoic acids (IZSs), namely, sodium 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-4-methylpentanoate (IZS-L), sodium 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3-phenylpropanoate (IZS-P), and sodium 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-4-(methylthio)butanoate (IZS-M), were investigated as corrosion inhibitors. The IZSs were synthesized following the green chemistry principles, and their structure was characterized using FTIR and NMR techniques. The corrosion study results reveal that a moderate concentration of IZSs (having low solution conductivity) showed potential corrosion inhibition for mild steel in artificial seawater. At longer immersion, IZS-P forms a uniform protective film and exhibits the potential inhibition efficiency of 82.46% at 8.4 mmol L-1. Tafel polarization results reveal that IZS-P and IZS-M act as mixed types with an anodic predominantly corrosion inhibitor. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results signify that IZSs inhibit mild steel corrosion through the formation of an inhibitor film on the metal surface, which was further confirmed by the FTIR, SEM, EDX, and XPS studies. DFT result shows that in IZS-P, the benzylic group (-CH2-Ph) has greater electron distribution compared to isobutyl (-CH2CH(CH3)2) in IZS-L and methythioethyl group (-CH2CH2SCH3) which supported the corrosion inhibition performance at longer immersion [IZS-P (82.46%) > IZS-M (67.19%) > IZS-L (24.77%)].
  2. Fulltext Anxiety-depression psychopathology of a patient with voyeurism, major depression and premature ejaculation
    Ismail N, Husain R, Sidi H
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2017;18(2):278-280.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: This case report highlights a case of young male referred for psychiatric evaluation due to paraphilic disorder. This 27-year old single male working as an assistant accountant was noted to have voyeuristic behaviour and presented with depressive symptoms since his teenage age. He has poor coping whenever he experiences stress in life. He started to watch pornographic videos and subsequently get involved by peeping pre-pubescent’s undergarments. These activities are followed by a compulsive behaviour such as masturbation to gratify his sexual arousal.
    Results: The patient undergone several psychotherapy sessions, and medical report was furnished for the court's purpose. Our assessment revealed that he was suffering from a lifetime major depressive disorder,and he was prescribed with Tablet Sertraline 50mg/daily.He also has premature ejaculation, severe in nature. He regretted his voyeuristic urge and psychotherapyfocused on how to channel his sexual needs.
    Conclusion: Mood disorder is seen in paraphilic disorder and has to be dealt with in order to establish good management care.
  3. Fulltext Productivity and efficiency improvement of a vehicle seat assembly line using computer simulation analysis
    Leman, Z., Ismail, N., Tai, S.S., Sapuan, S.M.
    ASM Science Journal, 2007;1(2):135-141.
    MyJurnal
    All relevant and essential data of an existing vehicle seat assembly line such as the operating time and processes, material handling system, workstation layout, bill of materials, equipment and hand tools, were collected and analyzed. The time standards for each of the vehicle seat assembly elements were established using work study techniques. A simulation approach was used to determine the productivity and effi ciency of the existing and proposed lines. Simulation technique was also used to determine and identify bottle-necks in both existing and proposed systems. Comparison of the existing assembly line and the proposed assembly line in terms of their productivity and effi ciency are also highlighted.
  4. Predicting crash frequency for multi-vehicle collision types using multivariate Poisson-lognormal spatial model: A comparative analysis
    Hosseinpour M, Sahebi S, Zamzuri ZH, Yahaya AS, Ismail N
    Accid Anal Prev, 2018 Sep;118:277-288.
    PMID: 29861069 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.05.003
    According to crash configuration and pre-crash conditions, traffic crashes are classified into different collision types. Based on the literature, multi-vehicle crashes, such as head-on, rear-end, and angle crashes, are more frequent than single-vehicle crashes, and most often result in serious consequences. From a methodological point of view, the majority of prior studies focused on multivehicle collisions have employed univariate count models to estimate crash counts separately by collision type. However, univariate models fail to account for correlations which may exist between different collision types. Among others, multivariate Poisson lognormal (MVPLN) model with spatial correlation is a promising multivariate specification because it not only allows for unobserved heterogeneity (extra-Poisson variation) and dependencies between collision types, but also spatial correlation between adjacent sites. However, the MVPLN spatial model has rarely been applied in previous research for simultaneously modelling crash counts by collision type. Therefore, this study aims at utilizing a MVPLN spatial model to estimate crash counts for four different multi-vehicle collision types, including head-on, rear-end, angle, and sideswipe collisions. To investigate the performance of the MVPLN spatial model, a two-stage model and a univariate Poisson lognormal model (UNPLN) spatial model were also developed in this study. Detailed information on roadway characteristics, traffic volume, and crash history were collected on 407 homogeneous segments from Malaysian federal roads. The results indicate that the MVPLN spatial model outperforms the other comparing models in terms of goodness-of-fit measures. The results also show that the inclusion of spatial heterogeneity in the multivariate model significantly improves the model fit, as indicated by the Deviance Information Criterion (DIC). The correlation between crash types is high and positive, implying that the occurrence of a specific collision type is highly associated with the occurrence of other crash types on the same road segment. These results support the utilization of the MVPLN spatial model when predicting crash counts by collision manner. In terms of contributing factors, the results show that distinct crash types are attributed to different subsets of explanatory variables.
  5. Fulltext Therapeutic Properties of Stingless Bee Honey in Comparison with European Bee Honey
    Zulkhairi Amin FA, Sabri S, Mohammad SM, Ismail M, Chan KW, Ismail N, et al.
    Adv Pharmacol Sci, 2018;2018:6179596.
    PMID: 30687402 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6179596
    Both honeybees (Apis spp.) and stingless bees (Trigona spp.) produce honeys with high nutritional and therapeutics value. Until recently, the information regarding potential health benefits of stingless bee honey (SBH) in medical databases is still scarce as compared to the common European bee honey (EBH) which is well known for their properties as therapeutic agents. Although there have been very few reports on SBH, empirically these products would have similar therapeutic quality as the EBH. In addition, due to the structure of the nest, few studies reported that the antimicrobial activity of SBH is a little bit stronger than EBH. Therefore, the composition of both the types of honey as well as the traditional uses and clinical applications were compared. The results of various studies on EBH and SBH from tissue culture research to randomised control clinical trials were collated in this review. Interestingly, there are many therapeutic properties that are unique to SBH. Therefore, SBH has a great potential to be developed for modern medicinal uses.
  6. Fulltext Medication use problems among older adults at a primary care: A narrative of literature review
    Christopher C, Kc B, Shrestha S, Blebil AQ, Alex D, Mohamed Ibrahim MI, et al.
    Aging Med (Milton), 2022 Jun;5(2):126-137.
    PMID: 35783113 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12203
    Appropriate medication use is one of the most significant challenges among the older population. Although medication use problems are well documented at the secondary and tertiary health care level, the evidence at the primary care level of OECD region is limited. A narrative review of existing literature was conducted through a nonsystematic search for original articles through electronic search databases, Ovid Medline, Google Scholar from 2001 to 2021, and a combination of citation references. Medication use problems are prevalent in older adults at the primary care level. The main issues of medication use identified were as follows; nonadherence, adverse drug events, accessibility, polypharmacy, inappropriate medications, belief about medications, lack of knowledge and awareness, and lack of deprescribing. In addition, the current review has identified the possibilities of the problems: many medications, forgetfulness, lack of deprescribing, lack of communication, poor understanding, and limited awareness of inappropriate medications. This review found that various medication use problems subclusters were identified to impact the health care need among older adults. Therefore, effective interventions targeting these issues need to be developed to reduce medication use problems among older adults at a primary care level.
  7. Evaluation of motorcyclist's discomfort during prolonged riding process with and without lumbar support
    Karuppiah K, Salit MS, Ismail MY, Ismail N, Tamrin SB
    An Acad Bras Cienc, 2012 Dec;84(4):1169-88.
    PMID: 23207711
    The primary aim of this study is to examine the effects of a backrest: using a prototype of a lumbar support presented in author's earlier study on the discomfort rating of the body parts of motorcyclist.
  8. Development of multiplex loop mediated isothermal amplification (m-LAMP) label-based gold nanoparticles lateral flow dipstick biosensor for detection of pathogenic Leptospira
    Nurul Najian AB, Engku Nur Syafirah EA, Ismail N, Mohamed M, Yean CY
    Anal Chim Acta, 2016 Jan 15;903:142-8.
    PMID: 26709307 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.11.015
    In recent years extensive numbers of molecular diagnostic methods have been developed to meet the need of point-of-care devices. Efforts have been made towards producing rapid, simple and inexpensive DNA tests, especially in the diagnostics field. We report on the development of a label-based lateral flow dipstick for the rapid and simple detection of multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification (m-LAMP) amplicons. A label-based m-LAMP lateral flow dipstick assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of target DNA template and a LAMP internal control. This biosensor operates through a label based system, in which probe-hybridization and the additional incubation step are eliminated. We demonstrated this m-LAMP assay by detecting pathogenic Leptospira, which causes the re-emerging disease Leptospirosis. The lateral flow dipstick was developed to detect of three targets, the LAMP target amplicon, the LAMP internal control amplicon and a chromatography control. Three lines appeared on the dipstick, indicating positive results for all representative pathogenic Leptospira species, whereas two lines appeared, indicating negative results, for other bacterial species. The specificity of this biosensor assay was 100% when it was tested with 13 representative pathogenic Leptospira species, 2 intermediate Leptospira species, 1 non-pathogenic Leptospira species and 28 other bacteria species. This study found that this DNA biosensor was able to detect DNA at concentrations as low as 3.95 × 10(-1) genomic equivalent ml(-1). An integrated m-LAMP and label-based lateral flow dipstick was successfully developed, promising simple and rapid visual detection in clinical diagnostics and serving as a point-of-care device.
  9. Fulltext A retrospective study to evaluate the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the severity of periodontal disease. A preliminary investigation
    Ismail, N., Mohd Ali, S. S., Swaminathan, D.
    Ann Dent, 2013;20(1):8-12.
    MyJurnal
    A preliminary investigation to assess the relationship
    in the severity of periodontal disease in diabetics when
    compared with non-diabetic subjects. Materials and
    Methods: A retrospective, comparative study using
    periodontal case notes of 40 subjects (20 Type 2 diabetics,
    20 non-diabetics) who were selected based on the
    inclusion and exclusion criteria. Severity of periodontal
    disease was assessed through number of periodontal
    pocket ≥5mm. The results were compared between
    subjects whose age, gender and plaque scores are matched
    with the test group. Data obtained was then analyzed by
    SPSS Version 12. Results: When comparisons were made
    between test (Type 2 diabetic) and control (non-diabetic)
    groups, there were no significant difference (p>0.05) in
    the severity of periodontal disease. However, there was
    a clinically mean difference between the two groups.
    Conclusions: This preliminary investigation indicated
    that the severity of chronic periodontitis, as indicated in
    periodontal pocketing, increased in diabetic patients when
    compared to non-diabetics clinically, although it was not
    statistically significant. The finding of this investigation
    was thus not conclusive as it was only a retrospective
    study using patients’ case notes. However, the results
    are now being further investigated with a proper clinical
    trial which examines periodontal parameters and diabetic
    status (HbA1c) of the subjects to determine the association
    between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus.
  10. Responses of growth of lady's fingers (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) to different treatments methods of dairy wastewater
    Al-Dulaimi RI, Ismail N, Ibrahim MH
    Ann Agric Environ Med, 2014;21(1):42-8.
    PMID: 24847548
    Water is one of the most important precious resources found on the earth, and are most often affected by anthropogenic activities and by industry. Pollution caused by human beings and industries is a serious concern throughout the world. Population growth, massive urbanization, rapid rate of industrialization and modern techniques in agriculture have accelerated water pollution and led to the gradual deterioration of its quality. A large quantity of waste water disposed of at sea or on land has caused environmental problems which have led to environmental pollution, economic losses and chemical risks caused by the wastewater, and its impact on agriculture. However, waste water which contain nutrients and organic matter has possible advantages for agricultural purposes. Therefore, the presented study was undertaken to assess the impact of Dairy Effluent (treated and untreated waste water) on seed germination, seedling growth, dry matter production and the biochemical parameters of lady's fingers (Abelmoschus esculentus L.).
  11. Prevalence of anaemia and associated risk factors amongst The Malaysian Cohort participants
    Abdullah N, Ismail N, Abd Jalal N, Mohd Radin F, Othman R, Kamalul Arifin AS, et al.
    Ann Hematol, 2020 Nov;99(11):2521-2527.
    PMID: 32975589 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04279-w
    This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of anaemia amongst the Malaysian Cohort participants and the associated risk factors. This was a cross-sectional study that involved 102,388 participants from The Malaysian Cohort (TMC) aged between 35 and 70 years old recruited from April 2006 to September 2012. Venous blood was taken for the full blood count. The prevalence of anaemia was 13.8% with majority having the microcytic-hypochromic type (59.7%). Comparison between the ethnic groups showed that Indians have the highest prevalence of anaemia (19.9%), followed by Malays (13.1%), and Chinese (12.0%). The prevalence of anaemia was substantially higher in females (20.1%) compared to males (4.9%). Amongst the female participants, the prevalence of anaemia was highest amongst those who were younger than 49 years old and decreased as the age increased. In contrast, the prevalence of anaemia in males increased with age. Gender, ethnicity, age, marital status, presence of platelet disorders and kidney disease were significant risk factors associated with anaemia and contributed to 14.9% of the risk of developing anaemia in this population. The prevalence of anaemia amongst the Malaysian Cohort participants is 13.8% with the majority having the microcytic and hypochromic type implying iron deficiency as the main cause. It is important that those who have anaemia be further investigated and treated.
    Study name: The Malaysian Cohort (TMC) project
  12. Predictors of sustained six months quitting success: efforts of smoking cessation in low intensity smoke-free workplaces
    Yasin SM, Retneswari M, Moy FM, Taib KM, Ismail N
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 2013 Aug;42(8):401-7.
    PMID: 24045376
    INTRODUCTION: This study aims to identify the predictors of a 6-month quitting success among employees involved in workplace smoking cessation with low-intensity smoke-free policy.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted among employees from 2 different public universities in Malaysia. Interventions include at least 2 sessions of behavioural therapy combined with free nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for 8 weeks. Participants were followed up for 6 months. Independent variables assessed were on sociodemographic and environmental tobacco smoke. Their quit status were determined at 1 week, 3 months and 6 months.

    RESULTS: One hundred and eighty- five smokers volunteered to participate. Among the participants, 15% and 13% sustained quit at 3 months and 6 months respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that at 6 months, attending all 3 behavioural sessions predicted success. None of the environmental tobacco exposure variables were predictive of sustained cessation.

    CONCLUSION: Individual predictors of success in intra-workplace smoking cessation programmes do not differ from the conventional clinic-based smoking cessation. Furthermore, environmental tobacco exposure in low intensity smoke-free workplaces has limited influence on smokers who succeeded in maintaining 6 months quitting.

  13. The subcellular localisation and the time course of bismuth in the gastric mucosa of rats after short-term administration of colloidal bismuth subcitrate
    Ismail NM, Mustapha MS, Megat R
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1997 Nov;26(6):754-7.
    PMID: 9522974
    The aim of this study was to investigate if colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS) can penetrate the gastric mucus barrier to reach the different sites of the antral mucosa and to estimate the time course for CBS to reach and remain in the mucosa. A single dose of CBS was administered orally to rats that were sacrificed at different time intervals post treatment. The control group received gum acacia without CBS. Colloidal bismuth subcitrate, visualised as electron dense precipitate (EDP), was seen in the gastric mucus layer, intercellular spaces and intracellularly after 30 minutes and disappeared after 6 hours. Scant amounts of EDP were observed in the gastric crypts, confined only to the upper parts of these structures. We concluded that CBS can penetrate the mucus and has a wide but uneven distribution in the gastric mucosa. Colloidal bismuth subcitrate, in the concentration given only penetrated the upper two-thirds of gastric pits and not the lower one-third. We also concluded that CBS has to be given 6 hourly to ensure its continuous presence in the gastric mucosa.
  14. Fulltext Xanthorrhizol induces apoptosis via the up-regulation of bax and p53 in HeLa cells
    Ismail N, Pihie AH, Nallapan M
    Anticancer Res, 2005 May-Jun;25(3B):2221-7.
    PMID: 16158967
    Xanthorrhizol is a sesquiterpenoid compound extracted from Curcuma xanthorrhiza, which is known locally as Temulawak. Traditionally, C. xanthorrhiza was found to have antibacterial, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity. The rhizome has also been used to treat inflammation in postpartum uterine bleeding. An antiproliferative assay using methylene blue staining revealed that xanthorrhizol inhibited the proliferation of the cervical cancer cell line HeLa with an EC50 value of 6.16 microg/ml. Xanthorrhizol significantly increased apoptosis in HeLa cells, as evaluated by the Tdt-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) assay and nuclear morphology by Hoechst 33258 staining. Western blot analysis, which was further confirmed by the immunostaining results, implied an up-regulation of tumor suppressor protein p53 and the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, following the treatment with xanthorrhizol. Xanthorrhizol, however, did not affect the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2 and the viral oncoprotein, E6. Hence, xanthorrhizol is a promising antiproliferative and anticancer agent which induces p53 and Bax-dependent apoptosis in HeLa cervical cancer cells.
  15. Fulltext Bioactivity and Pharmacological Potential of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Against Pandemic COVID-19: a Comprehensive Review
    Ahmad Mohd Zain MR, Abdul Kari Z, Dawood MAO, Nik Ahmad Ariff NS, Salmuna ZN, Ismail N, et al.
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2022 Oct;194(10):4587-4624.
    PMID: 35579740 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03952-2
    A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), transmitted from person to person, has quickly emerged as the pandemic responsible for the current global health crisis. This infection has been declared a global pandemic, resulting in a concerning number of deaths as well as complications post-infection, primarily among vulnerable groups particularly older people and those with multiple comorbidities. In this article, we review the most recent research on the role of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits (DPFs) to prevent or treat COVID-19 infection. The mechanisms underlying this preventive or therapeutic effect are also discussed in terms of bioactivity potentials in date palm, e.g., antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and hemolytic potential, as well as prospect against COVID-19 disease and the potential product development. Therefore, it can be concluded that regular consumption of DPFs may be associated with a lower risk of some chronic diseases. Indeed, DPFs have been widely used in folk medicine since ancient times to treat a variety of health conditions, demonstrating the importance of DPFs as a nutraceutical and source of functional nourishment. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the majority of the research on DPFs in terms of nutrient content and biologically active components such as phenolic compounds, with an emphasis on their roles in improving overall health as well as the potential product development to ensure consumers' satisfaction in a current pandemic situation. In conclusion, DPFs can be given to COVID-19 patients as a safe and effective add-on medication or supplement in addition to routine treatments.
  16. Mouth rinsing improves cycling endurance performance during Ramadan fasting in a hot humid environment
    Che Muhamed AM, Mohamed NG, Ismail N, Aziz AR, Singh R
    Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 2014 Apr;39(4):458-64.
    PMID: 24669987 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0276
    This study examined the effect of mouth rinsing during endurance cycling in a hot humid environment (32 °C and 75% relative humidity) on athletes in the Ramadan fasted state. Nine trained adolescent male cyclists completed 3 trials that consisted of a carbohydrate mouth-rinse (CMR), a placebo mouth-rinse (PMR), and a no-rinse (NOR) trial during the last 2 weeks of Ramadan. Each trial consisted of a preloading cycle at 65% peak rate of oxygen consumption for 30 min followed by a 10-km time trial (TT10 km) under hot humid condition. During the CMR and PMR trials, each cyclist rinsed his mouth with 25 mL of the solution for 5 s before expectorating the solution pre-exercise, after 5, 15, and 25 min of the preloading cycle, and 15 s prior to the start of TT10 km. Time to complete the TT10 km was significantly faster in the CMR and PMR trials compared with the NOR trial (12.9 ± 1.7 and 12.6 ± 1.7 vs. 16.8 ± 1.6 min, respectively; p < 0.017). Ratings of perceived exertion taken at the end of the TT10 km was lower in both CMR and PMR trials compared with the NOR trial, although the difference was significant only between CMR and NOR (p < 0.05). In conclusion, mouth rinsing with either carbohydrate or placebo solution provided ergogenic benefits compared with a no-rinse condition on TT10 km performance in acute Ramadan fasted subjects during endurance cycling in a heat stress environment.
  17. Fulltext Tobacco use and attitudes towards tobacco control activities of Malaysian dental students
    Mohd Nor NA, Abdul Razak I, Ab-Murat N, Ismail N, Ibrahim F
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2018;13(1):6-15.
    MyJurnal
    Tobacco usage among dental students and the amount of training they received may have an impact on tobacco cessation activities undertaken for their patients. This study aims to assess Malaysian dental students’ tobacco use, exposure to second-hand smoke and their attitude towards tobacco control activities and curriculum. This was a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire adapted from the Global Health Professions Students Survey (GHPSS). The questionnaire was distributed to all Malaysian fourth and fifth year
    dental students in four public dental schools (n=372), namely University of Malaya (UM), Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). The data were analysed using descriptive and chi square tests. In total, (n=349) respondents completed the questionnaire, yielding a 93.8% response rate. Although the prevalence of Malaysian dental students who ‘ever smoked’ was 21.2%, the prevalence of current smokers was low (2.3%). About 62% and 39% of students reported having been exposed to second-hand smoke in public and at home, respectively. USIM students were significantly less likely to recall having received training about approaches to smoking cessation (52.9%, p<0.001). Significantly fewer smokers than nonsmokers agreed on tobacco banning policy. Regardless of their smoking status, the majority of dental students showed positive attitudes towards dentists’ role in tobacco cessation. Tobacco user among Malaysian dental students was low. There were statistically significant differences between ever smokers and non-smokers’ attitudes towards tobacco banning policy. The majority of dental students showed positive attitudes towards dentists’ role in
    tobacco cessation.
    Keywords: Attitudes; GHPSS; public health; smoking; tobacco
  18. Efficacy of phototherapy for neonatal jaundice is increased by the use of low-cost white reflecting curtains
    Djokomuljanto S, Quah BS, Surini Y, Noraida R, Ismail NZ, Hansen TW, et al.
    Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed., 2006 Nov;91(6):F439-42.
    PMID: 16877479
    To determine whether the addition of low-cost reflecting curtains to a standard phototherapy unit could increase effectiveness of phototherapy for neonatal jaundice.
  19. Helping older adults with their medication use problems: A qualitative study on perspectives and challenges of primary health care providers
    Christopher CM, Loong MCW, Blebil AQ, Kc B, Alex D, Ibrahim MIM, et al.
    Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 2023 Aug;111:105007.
    PMID: 37001287 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105007
    BACKGROUND: Primary care providers help older adults with medication use problems in Malaysia and globally. They help older adults with medication management, appropriate use, and administration; however, their perspectives and challenges regarding medication use problems in older adults have not been adequately explored.

    METHODS: The study used a qualitative methodology comprising 30 in-depth interviews among general practitioners and pharmacists in Penang, Malaysia, in public and private primary care settings. Participants were recruited based on purposive sampling. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and data were coded based on the principles of thematic analysis in NVivo.

    OBJECTIVE: This study aims to understand primary care providers' perspectives and challenges regarding medication use problems experienced by older adults.

    RESULTS: Six themes emerged from the study. Theme one highlighted the pharmaceutical care needs of older adults with sensory impairments and accessibility issues. The second and third themes explored medicines management support and potentially inappropriate medication use. Theme four supported collaborative practice, prescribing, and deprescribing among primary health care providers. Theme five discussed health service delivery aligned to older adults' health care needs. The final theme emphasised social and welfare support.

    CONCLUSION: This study identified various challenges professional primary care providers face in providing aligned healthcare services for older adults and proposed recommendations for further strengthening healthcare quality. Inputs from the primary healthcare system frontier are essential to reduce the challenges and uplift the quality of ageing populations' healthcare in Malaysia.

  20. Palm vitamin E and the healing of ethanol-induced gastric lesions
    Ismail NM, Jaarin K, Ahmad A, Marzuki A, Ng WK, Gapor MT
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 1999 Dec;8(4):258-62.
    PMID: 24394225
    The main focus of the study was to examine the effect of palm vitamin E (a tocotrienol-enriched fraction of palm oil) on the healing of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions. The study was divided into three sections.Study 1 determined the gastric content of vitamin E after dietary supplementation with palm vitamin E for 3 weeks. Seven rats were fed a normal diet and another 7 were fed a palm vitamin E-enriched diet (150 mg/kg food). The gastric content of vitamin E levels were higher in rats fed with a palm vitamin E-enriched diet (p<0.01). Study 2 determined the time-dependent effects of palm vitamin E on gastric lesions and gastric acidity postethanol administration. Two groups of rats were fed either a normal rat diet or a palm vitamin E-enriched diet (150 mg/kg food). After 3 weeks, the control and a treated group received a single intragastric dose of 100% ethanol. Assessment of gastric lesions after 1 week showed a lower gastric lesion index in the palm vitamin E group compared with the controls (p<0.05) but there was no difference in the gastric acid content after 1 week between the two groups. Study 3 determined the effects of palm vitamin E on the gastric tissue content of malondialdehyde (MDA), PGE2 and gastric acidity without ethanol administration. The MDA content was lower in the palm vitamin E-treated group (p<0.05). However, the gastric acid and PGE2 content in both groups did not differ. The findings suggest that feeding with a palm vitamin E-enriched diet (150 mg/kg food) for 3 weeks resulted in a significant concentration of vitamin E in the gastric tissue. It was concluded that palm vitamin E may promote the healing of ethanol-induced gastric lesions through minimizing the lipid preoccupation process in the gastric mucous.
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