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  1. Lai CK, De Guia TS, Kim YY, Kuo SH, Mukhopadhyay A, Soriano JB, et al.
    J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2003 Feb;111(2):263-8.
    PMID: 12589343
    Few data on asthma management are available for the Asia-Pacific region.
  2. Shehabi Y, Bellomo R, Kadiman S, Ti LK, Howe B, Reade MC, et al.
    Crit Care Med, 2018 06;46(6):850-859.
    PMID: 29498938 DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000003071
    OBJECTIVES: In the absence of a universal definition of light or deep sedation, the level of sedation that conveys favorable outcomes is unknown. We quantified the relationship between escalating intensity of sedation in the first 48 hours of mechanical ventilation and 180-day survival, time to extubation, and delirium.

    DESIGN: Harmonized data from prospective multicenter international longitudinal cohort studies SETTING:: Diverse mix of ICUs.

    PATIENTS: Critically ill patients expected to be ventilated for longer than 24 hours.

    INTERVENTIONS: Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale and pain were assessed every 4 hours. Delirium and mobilization were assessed daily using the Confusion Assessment Method of ICU and a standardized mobility assessment, respectively.

    MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Sedation intensity was assessed using a Sedation Index, calculated as the sum of negative Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale measurements divided by the total number of assessments. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to adjust for relevant covariates. We performed subgroup and sensitivity analysis accounting for immortal time bias using the same variables within 120 and 168 hours. The main outcome was 180-day survival. We assessed 703 patients in 42 ICUs with a mean (SD) Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score of 22.2 (8.5) with 180-day mortality of 32.3% (227). The median (interquartile range) ventilation time was 4.54 days (2.47-8.43 d). Delirium occurred in 273 (38.8%) of patients. Sedation intensity, in an escalating dose-dependent relationship, independently predicted increased risk of death (hazard ratio [95% CI], 1.29 [1.15-1.46]; p < 0.001, delirium hazard ratio [95% CI], 1.25 [1.10-1.43]), p value equals to 0.001 and reduced chance of early extubation hazard ratio (95% CI) 0.80 (0.73-0.87), p value of less than 0.001. Agitation level independently predicted subsequent delirium hazard ratio [95% CI], of 1.25 (1.04-1.49), p value equals to 0.02. Delirium or mobilization episodes within 168 hours, adjusted for sedation intensity, were not associated with survival.

    CONCLUSIONS: Sedation intensity independently, in an ascending relationship, predicted increased risk of death, delirium, and delayed time to extubation. These observations suggest that keeping sedation level equivalent to a Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale 0 is a clinically desirable goal.

  3. Yun BS, Lee KB, Lee KH, Chang HK, Kim JY, Lim MC, et al.
    J Gynecol Oncol, 2024 Jan 22.
    PMID: 38330380 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2024.35.e57
    BACKGROUND: Bulky or multiple lymph node (LN) metastases are associated with poor prognosis in cervical cancer, and the size or number of LN metastases is not yet reflected in the staging system and therapeutic strategy. Although the therapeutic effects of surgical resection of bulky LNs before standard treatment have been reported in several retrospective studies, well-planned randomized clinical studies are lacking. Therefore, the aim of the Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group (KGOG) 1047/DEBULK trial is to investigate whether the debulking surgery of bulky or multiple LNs prior to concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) improves the survival rate of patients with cervical cancer IIICr diagnosed by imaging tests.

    METHODS: The KGOG 1047/DEBULK trial is a phase III, multicenter, randomized clinical trial involving patients with bulky or multiple LN metastases in cervical cancer IIICr. This study will include patients with a short-axis diameter of a pelvic or para-aortic LN ≥2 cm or ≥3 LNs with a short-axis diameter ≥1 cm and for whom CCRT is planned. The treatment arms will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either receive CCRT (control arm) or undergo surgical debulking of bulky or multiple LNs before CCRT (experimental arm). CCRT consists of extended-field external beam radiotherapy/pelvic radiotherapy, brachytherapy and LN boost, and weekly chemotherapy with cisplatin (40 mg/m²), 4-6 times administered intravenously. The primary endpoint will be 3-year progression-free survival rate. The secondary endpoints will be 3-year overall survival rate, treatment-related complications, and accuracy of radiological diagnosis of bulky or multiple LNs.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05421650; Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0007137.

  4. Chokhani R, Muttalif AR, Gunasekera K, Mukhopadhyay A, Gaur V, Gogtay J
    Pulm Ther, 2021 Jun;7(1):251-265.
    PMID: 33855650 DOI: 10.1007/s41030-021-00153-w
    INTRODUCTION: There is much recent data from Nepal, Sri Lanka and Malaysia that can help us understand the practice patterns of physicians regarding the diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in these countries. We conducted this survey to understand the practice patterns of physicians related to the diagnosis and management of COPD in these three countries.

    METHODS: This questionnaire-based, observational, multicentre, cross-sectional survey was carried out with 438 randomly selected physicians consulting COPD patients.

    RESULTS: In the survey, 73.29% of the physicians consulted at least five COPD patients daily (all patients > 40 years of age). 31.14% of the COPD patients visiting their doctors were women. Among physicians, 95.12% reported that at least 70% of their patients were smokers. 34.18% of the physicians did not routinely use spirometry to diagnose COPD. Most physicians preferred a short-acting β2-agonist (SABA) (28.19%) in the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Group-A and long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist plus long-acting β2-agonist/inhaled corticosteroids (LAMA + LABA/ICS) in both the GOLD Group-C (39.86%) and Group-D (72.89%) patients. A significant number (40.67%) of physicians preferred LABA/LAMA for their GOLD Group-B patients. A pressurised metered dose inhaler (pMDI) with or without spacer was the most preferred device. Only 23.67% of the physicians believed that at least 70% of their patients had good adherence (> 80%) to therapy. Up to 54.42% of the physicians prescribed inhalation therapy to every COPD patient. Also, 39.95% of the physicians evaluated their patients' inhalation technique on every visit. Up to 52.67% of the physicians advised home nebulisation to > 10% of patients, with nebulised SABA/short-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist (SAMA) being the most preferred management choice. Most physicians offered smoking cessation advice (94.16%) and/or vaccinations (74.30%) as non-pharmacological management, whereas pulmonary rehabilitation was offered by a smaller number of physicians. Cost of therapy and poor technique were the most common reasons for non-adherence to COPD management therapy.

    CONCLUSION: Awareness of spirometry can be increased to improve the diagnosis of COPD. Though physicians are following the GOLD strategy recommendations for the pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of COPD, awareness of spirometry could be increased to improve proper diagnosis. Regular device demonstration during each visit can improve the inhalation technique and can possibly increase adherence to treatment.

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