Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 80 in total

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  1. Zailani MAH, Raja Sabudin RZA, Ithnin A, Alauddin H, Sulaiman SA, Ismail E, et al.
    Front Genet, 2023;14:1098828.
    PMID: 37388931 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1098828
    Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked hereditary disorder and a global public health concern that is most prevalent in malaria-endemic regions including Asia, Africa, and the Mediterranean. G6PD-deficient individuals are at high risk of developing acute hemolytic anemia following treatment with antimalarial drugs including Primaquine and Tafenoquine. However, the currently available tests for G6PD screening are complex and often have been misclassifying cases, particularly for females with intermediate G6PD activity. The latest innovation of quantitative point-of-care (POC) tests for G6PD deficiency provides an opportunity to improve population screening and prevent hemolytic disorders when treating malaria. Aim(s): To assess the evidence on the type and performance of quantitative point-of-care (POC) tests for effective G6PD screening and hence, radical elimination of Plasmodium malaria infections. Methods: Relevant studies published in English language confined from two databases, Scopus and ScienceDirect were searched from November 2016 onwards. The search was conducted using keywords including "glucosephosphate dehydrogenase" or "G6PD", "point-of-care", "screening" or "prevalence", "biosensor" and "quantitative". The review was reported following the PRISMA guidelines. Results: Initial search results yielded 120 publications. After thorough screening and examination, a total of 7 studies met the inclusion criteria, and data were extracted in this review. Two types of quantitative POC tests were evaluated, namely, the CareStartTM Biosensor kit and the STANDARD G6PD kit. Both tests showed promising performance with high sensitivity and specificity ranging mostly from 72% to 100% and 92%-100%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) ranged from 35% to 72% and 89%-100%, with accuracy ranging from 86% to 98%. Conclusion: In areas with a high prevalence of G6PD deficiency that overlap with malaria endemicity, availability and validation of the diagnostic performance of quantitative POC tests are of absolute importance. Carestart™ biosensor and STANDARD G6PD kits showed high reliability and performed well in comparison to the spectrophotometric reference standard.
  2. Zaaim Hasan, Othman A. Karim, Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud
    Malaysia mempunyai tanggungjawab mendepositkan koordinat-koordinat titik-titik pangkal yang digunakan untuk mengukur lebar batas laut wilayah dan sempadan zon-zon maritim yang lain kepada Setiausaha Agung, Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (PBB). Titik-titik pangkal adalah asas kepada penetapan bagi zon-zon maritim, perundangan batas maritim dan perlaksanaan penguatkuasaan. Kertas ini menghuraikan bagaimana dua parameter penting iaitu kecerunan pesisir depan dan datum carta boleh menyebabkan ketidakpastian terhadap posisi titik-titik pangkal. Hubungkait trigonometri antara parameter membuktikan sisihan datum sebanyak 0.2 m dan kecerunan pesisir depan sebanyak 0.1º menyebabkan ketidakpastian posisi mendatar sebanyak 114.6 m. Ketidakpastian kedudukan titik pangkal menjadi signifikan apabila sisihan antara datum carta meningkat dan kecerunan pesisir depan semakin landai. Hasil prosesan kedudukan titik-titik pangkal melalui perisian “CARIS” mendapati perbezaan kedudukan titik-titik pangkal sebanyak 108 m, 169 m dan 107 m. Kesimpulannya, ketidakpastian ini boleh menyebabkan negara kerugian kawasan maritim.
  3. Yusuf N, Zakaria A, Omar MI, Shakaff AY, Masnan MJ, Kamarudin LM, et al.
    BMC Bioinformatics, 2015;16:158.
    PMID: 25971258 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-015-0601-5
    Effective management of patients with diabetic foot infection is a crucial concern. A delay in prescribing appropriate antimicrobial agent can lead to amputation or life threatening complications. Thus, this electronic nose (e-nose) technique will provide a diagnostic tool that will allow for rapid and accurate identification of a pathogen.
  4. Yusri, Othman A. Karim, Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud, Mohd. Ekhwan Toriman
    Penggunaan tanah boleh mengakibatkan perubahan fungsi dari masa ke masa, sesuai dengan tujuan pembangunan. Kawasan Bandar Pekanbaru terdiri daripada 12 sub-kawasan persekutuan dengan jumlah keluasan kira-kira 632.26 km2. Tujuan kajian adalah untuk menganalisis perubahan guna tanah daripada aspek ruang dan masa. Data guna tanah yang diambil kira dalam analisis ini adalah peta guna tanah 1992 dan 2004. Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan perisian ArcView GIS versi 3.2 mendapati bahawa telah berlaku penurunan guna tanah signifikan, iaitu jenis perkebunan dan hutan tahun 2004. Peningkatan jenis lain-lain, penggunaan tanah seperti permukiman dan tumbuhan/semak tahun 2004 telah berlaku. Perubahan ini merupakan pengaruh daripada pembangunan bandar. Sebaliknya, pembangunan bandar boleh memberi impak negatif terhadap sekitaran jika pola perubahan guna tanah dirancang tanpa pengurusan yang baik.
  5. Younis M, Norsa'adah B, Othman A
    PMID: 34007208 DOI: 10.2147/BCTT.S299584
    Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a psycho-education intervention programme in improving the coping strategies of Jordanian breast cancer patients.

    Methods: A double-blinded randomised control trial involving 200 participants between the ages of 20 to 65 years old breast cancer patients was performed. Apart from those who refused participation, patients with chronic diseases and extreme baseline depression scores were also excluded. The control group received standard care twice a week from the social welfare services team facilitator compared to the intervention group that received additional psycho-education intervention programme (PEIP). The coping strategies were measured using the Brief-COPE inventory consisting of 28 items. It was administered on the second and 12th week of trial. The primary end point was compared between pre- and post-intervention. The effect of the intervention between groups, time, and covariates was measured using the generalised linear mixed model (GLMM) analysis.

    Results: The mean (SD) of adaptive coping score among the intervention group increased from 5.63 (1.3) at baseline to 6.42 (1.3) at post-intervention. The mean avoidant coping score was 3.87 (1.1) at baseline but reduced to 3.69 (0.8) post-intervention. GLMM showed that women who received the intervention reported significantly higher usage of the adaptive coping strategies after attending the programme (B=0.921, p <0.001).

    Conclusion: PEIP significantly improved knowledge of breast cancer patients. Thus, this programme may be considered as a part of the healthcare services in Jordan towards improving the adaptive coping strategies among breast cancer patients, which may point towards the potential for these services to increase adaptive coping strategies among patients in Jordan.

    Implications for Public Health: PEIP may be considered as psychosocial intervention in public health and healthcare setting to address rising concerns on quality of care among breast cancer patients.

  6. Yeoh KA, Othman A, Meon S, Abdullah F, Ho CL
    Mol Biol Rep, 2013 Jan;40(1):147-58.
    PMID: 23065213 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2043-8
    Chitinases are glycosyl hydrolases that cleave the β-1,4-glycosidic linkages between N-acetylglucosamine residues in chitin which is a major component of fungal cell wall. Plant chitinases hydrolyze fungal chitin to chitin oligosaccharides that serve as elicitors of plant defense system against fungal pathogens. However, plants synthesize many chitinase isozymes and some of them are not pathogenesis-related. In this study, three full-length cDNA sequences encoding a putative chitinase (EgChit3-1) and two chitinase-like proteins (EgChit1-1 and EgChit5-1) have been cloned from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The abundance of these transcripts in the roots and leaves of oil palm seedlings treated with Ganoderma boninense (a fungal pathogen) or Trichoderma harzianum (an avirulent symbiont), and a combination of both fungi at 3, 6 and 12 weeks post infection were profiled by real time quantitative reverse-transcription (qRT)-PCR. Our findings showed that the gene expression of EgChit3-1 increased significantly in the roots of oil palm seedlings treated with either G. boninense or T. harzianum and a combination of both; whereas the gene expression of EgChit1-1 in the treated roots of oil palm seedlings was not significantly higher compared to those of the untreated oil palm roots. The gene expression of EgChit5-1 was only higher in the roots of oil palm seedlings treated with T. harzianum compared to those of the untreated oil palm roots. In addition, the gene expression of EgChit1-1 and EgChit3-1 showed a significantly higher gene expression in the leaf samples of oil palm seedlings treated with either G. boninense or T. harzianum.
  7. Yeoh KA, Othman A, Meon S, Abdullah F, Ho CL
    J Plant Physiol, 2012 Oct 15;169(15):1565-70.
    PMID: 22854183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.07.006
    Glucanases are enzymes that hydrolyze a variety β-d-glucosidic linkages. Plant β-1,3-glucanases are able to degrade fungal cell walls; and promote the release of cell-wall derived fungal elicitors. In this study, three full-length cDNA sequences encoding oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) glucanases were analyzed. Sequence analyses of the cDNA sequences suggested that EgGlc1-1 is a putative β-d-glucan exohydolase belonging to glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 3 while EgGlc5-1 and EgGlc5-2 are putative glucan endo-1,3-β-glucosidases belonging to GH family 17. The transcript abundance of these genes in the roots and leaves of oil palm seedlings treated with Ganoderma boninense and Trichoderma harzianum was profiled to investigate the involvement of these glucanases in oil palm during fungal infection. The gene expression of EgGlc1-1 in the root of oil palm seedlings was increased by T. harzianum but suppressed by G. boninense; while the gene expression of both EgGlc5-1 and EgGlc5-2 in the roots of oil palm seedlings was suppressed by G. boninense or/and T. harzianum.
  8. Wong YY, Alauddin H, Raja Sabudin RZA, Ithnin A, Jalil N, Abdul Latiff Z, et al.
    Malays J Pathol, 2021 Apr;43(1):95-100.
    PMID: 33903312
    The Siriraj I Gγ(Aγδβ)0-thalassaemia is a novel mutation involving a 118kb deletion of the β-globin gene cluster. It was first reported in 2012 in two unrelated families from the southern part of Thailand. The carriers in the heterozygous state are clinically asymptomatic. Nonetheless, its complex interaction with other β-thalassaemia could give rise to different clinical phenotypes, ranging from mild thalassaemia intermedia to thalassaemia major. We report here a case of a six-year-old Malay boy, presented with pallor, growth failure and hepatosplenomegaly. His haemoglobin at presentation was 9.2g/dL with a mean cell haemoglobin of 22.6pg and a mean cell volume of 69.9fl. His peripheral blood smear showed features of thalassaemia intermedia. Haemoglobin (Hb) analysis revealed markedly raised Hb F (83%), normal HbA2 levels and absent HbA. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis showed compound heterozygous IVS1-1 (G→T) β-globin gene mutation and Siriraj I Gγ(Aγδβ)0-deletion (genotype βIVS1-1/ β Siriraj I deletion). Both his father and elder sister are carriers of Siriraj I Gγ(Aγδβ)0-thalassaemia while his mother carries IVS1-1 (G→T) gene mutation. Clinically, the patient is transfusion dependent on six weekly regime. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case in Malaysia involving unique Siriraj I Gγ(Aγδβ)0-thalassaemia and IVS1-1 (G→T) in a compound heterozygous state. In summary, detection of Siriraj I Gγ(Aγδβ)0-thalassaemia is essential as this deletion can lead to severe disease upon interaction with a β-thalassemia point mutation as demonstrated in our case. The establishment of effective carrier screening and genetic counselling is important to prevent its adverse consequences.
  9. Wong FL, Ithnin A, Othman A, Cheah FC
    J Paediatr Child Health, 2017 Jul;53(7):705-710.
    PMID: 28376293 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13509
    AIM: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a recognised cause of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia, and identifying which infants are at risk could optimise care and resources. In this study, we determined if G6PD enzyme activity (EA) and certain gene variants were associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia requiring phototherapy during the first week after birth.
    METHODS: Newborn infants with G6PD deficiency and a group with normal results obtained by the fluorescent spot test were selected for analyses of G6PD EA and the 10 commonly encountered G6PD mutations in this region, relating these with whether the infants required phototherapy before discharge from the hospital in the first week.
    RESULTS: A total of 222 infants with mean gestation and birth weight of 38.3 ± 1.8 weeks and 3.02 ± 0.48 kg, respectively, were enrolled. Of these, n = 121 were deficient with EA ≤6.76 U/g Hb, and approximately half (43%) received phototherapy in the first week after birth. The mean EA level was 3.7 U/g Hb. The EA had good accuracy in predicting phototherapy use, with area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve of 0.81 ± 0.05. Infants on phototherapy more commonly displayed World Health Organization Class II mutations (<10% residual EA). Logistic regression analysis showed that deficiency in EA and mutation at c.1388G>A (adjusted odds ratio, 1.5 and 5.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.31-1.76 and 1.30-25.0, respectively) were independent risk factors for phototherapy.
    CONCLUSION: Low G6PD EA (<6.76 U/g Hb) and the G6PD gene variant, c.1388G>A, are risk factors for the need of phototherapy in newborn infants during the first week after birth.
    Study site: Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  10. Wong F, Boo N, Othman A
    J Trop Pediatr, 2013 Aug;59(4):280-5.
    PMID: 23640907 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmt023
    To investigate the risk factors associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Malaysian neonates.
  11. Wahid Satar SNA, Norhayati MN, Sulaiman Z, Othman A, Yaacob LH, Nik Hazlina NH
    PMID: 34501964 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179373
    Sexual abuse of children is increasing at an alarming rate. This study aims to describe the risk factors and the effects of sexual abuse on children. This unobtrusive qualitative study was conducted on children aged 10 to 18 years old who experienced sexual abuse and followed-up at a psychiatric clinic between the years 2019 and 2021. The information from case records was transcribed. Thematic analysis was performed. Thirty case records were reviewed. The mean age of the victims was 14.6 years; 94% of the victims had experienced vaginal penetration, and 23% of the cases involved incest. The results indicated that socio-psychological predisposing factors involving family structure and dynamic dysfunction, low intrapersonal strength, social influence, and low family socioeconomic status could lead to sexual victimization. This sexual victimization can then lead to emotional turmoil, negative effects on cognitive, academic and social function, negative parental reactions toward the incident, the creation of baby-mother relationships and love-hate relationships, and a lack of goals and hope for the future. Children who experienced sexual abuse may show rape or pregnancy symptoms but may also show entirely non-specific ones. A thorough examination of their history, including biopsychosocial aspects, is necessary to appropriately care for them.
  12. Van Rostenberghe H, Short J, Ramli N, Geok TB, Subramaniam S, Che Yaakob CA, et al.
    Front Pediatr, 2014;2:115.
    PMID: 25478550 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2014.00115
    Even though in the corporate world psychological science has been widely used, the formal use of evidence-based psychology in important areas of clinical medicine has been scanty at best. It was the aim of this study to determine the efficacy of a psychologist-led 2-week nurse educator training on the infection rate in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
  13. Tawalbeh M, Mohammed S, Al-Othman A, Yusuf M, Mofijur M, Kamyab H
    Environ Res, 2023 Jul 01;228:115919.
    PMID: 37072081 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115919
    The rapid increase in the global population and its ever-rising standards of living are imposing a huge burden on global resources. Apart from the rising energy needs, the demand for freshwater is correspondingly increasing. A population of around 3.8 billion people will face water scarcity by 2030, as per the reports of the World Water Council. This may be due to global climate change and the deficiency in the treatment of wastewater. Conventional wastewater treatment technologies fail to completely remove several emerging contaminants, especially those containing pharmaceutical compounds. Hence, leading to an increase in the concentration of harmful chemicals in the human food chain and the proliferation of several diseases. MXenes are transition metal carbide/nitride ceramics that primarily structure the leading 2D material group. MXenes act as novel nanomaterials for wastewater treatment due to their high surface area, excellent adsorption properties, and unique physicochemical properties, such as high electrical conductivity and hydrophilicity. MXenes are highly hydrophilic and covered with active functional groups (i.e., hydroxyl, oxygen, fluorine, etc.), which makes them efficient adsorbents for a wide range of species and promising candidates for environmental remediation and water treatment. This work concludes that the scaling up process of MXene-based materials for water treatment is currently of high cost. The up-to-date applications are still limited because MXenes are currently produced mainly in the laboratory with limited yield. It is recommended to direct research efforts towards lower synthesis cost procedures coupled with the use of more environmentally friendly materials to avoid secondary contamination.
  14. Tan PC, Othman A, Win ST, Hong JGS, Elias N, Omar SZ
    PMID: 34089525 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13377
    BACKGROUND: Induction of labour (IOL) in low-risk nulliparas at 39 weeks reduces caesarean delivery. Multiparas with ripe cervixes typically have vaginal delivery within eight hours. Delivery at night and weekend are associated with higher maternal and neonatal mortality.

    AIMS: To evaluate IOL in full-term multiparas with ripe cervixes to achieve delivery at normal working hours and improve maternal satisfaction.

    METHODS: A randomised trial was performed in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. Low-risk multiparas with ripe cervixes (Bishop score ≥6) were recruited at 38+4 -40+0  weeks, then randomised to planned labour induction at 39+0  weeks or expectant care. Primary outcomes were delivery during 'normal working hours' 09:00-17:00 hours, Monday-Friday and patient satisfaction by visual numerical rating scale.

    RESULTS: For IOL (n = 80) vs expectant care (n = 80) arms respectively, primary outcomes of delivery at normal working hours was 27/80 (34%) vs 29/78 (37%), relative risk (RR) 0.9, 95% CI 0.5-1.7, P = 0.41, patient satisfaction was 8.0 ± 1.8 vs 7.8 ± 1.6, P = 0.41; presentation for spontaneous labour or rupture of membranes were 27/80 (34%) vs 70/79 (89%), RR 0.4, 95% CI 0.3-0.5, P 

  15. Sulaiman W, Othman A, Mohamad M, Salleh HR, Mushahar L
    Malays J Med Sci, 2002 Jul;9(2):43-6.
    PMID: 22844223 MyJurnal
    Two cases of Wernicke's encephalopathy due to hyperemesis gravidarum are described. The first patient presented with bilateral papilloedema, altered sensorium and the second with bilateral retinal haemorrhages, ophthalmoplegia and nystagmus. Both patients were diagnosed with Wernicke's encephalopathy on clinical ground since there were no laboratory facilities to measure red cell transketolase and thiamine pyrophosphate levels. This is a rare but treatable complication of hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) and due to lack of diagnostic tools, there is often diagnostic uncertainty, delay in commencing appropriate treatment, as well as irreversible damage to the upper brain stem and death.
  16. Sukeri S, Bakar RS, Othman A, Ibrahim MI
    J Taibah Univ Med Sci, 2017 Oct;12(5):424-429.
    PMID: 31435274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2017.05.002
    Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the barriers that deter mothers of children with disabilities from attaining their unmet needs.

    Methods: In-depth interviews of 12 mothers of children with disabilities were conducted from November 2014 to January 2015 in Kelantan, Malaysia. The mothers were recruited by purposive sampling. Thematic analysis was used for identifying, analysing and reporting the data.

    Results: Barriers to the unmet needs among mothers of children with disabilities were found to stem from the mothers' expectation and further propagated by lack of support, the role of healthcare professionals in providing care, inappropriate policies and shortage of resources required for survival and maintaining care.

    Conclusions: Identification of the barriers to the attainment of unmet needs among mothers of disabled children is crucial for resolving the issue of unmet needs. Deeper understanding of these barriers may facilitate positive actions toward addressing the needs of these mothers and to alleviate the stress on mothers of disabled children. A concerted effort to coordinate services across all disciplines is required to dismantle these barriers by improving the provision of health care delivery and evaluation of welfare policies and services.
  17. Shukor MY, Bakar NA, Othman AR, Yunus I, Shamaan NA, Syed MA
    J Environ Biol, 2009 Jan;30(1):39-44.
    PMID: 20112861
    In this work the development of an inhibitive assay for copper using the molybdenum-reducing enzyme assay is presented. The enzyme is assayed using 12-molybdophosphoric acid at pH 5.0 as an electron acceptor substrate and NADH as the electron donor substrate. The enzyme converts the yellowish solution into a deep blue solution. The assay is based on the ability of copper to inhibit the molybdenum-reducing enzyme from the molybdate-reducing Serratia sp. Strain DRY5. Other heavy metals tested did not inhibit the enzyme at 10 mg l(-1). The best model with high regression coefficient to measure copper inhibition is one-phase binding. The calculated IC50 (concentration causing 50% inhibition) is 0.099 mg l(-1) and the regression coefficient is 0.98. The comparative LC50, EC50 and IC50 data for copper in different toxicity tests show that the IC50 value for copper in this study is lower than those for immobilized urease, bromelain, Rainbow trout, R. meliloti, Baker's Yeast dehydrogenase activity Spirillum volutans, P. fluorescens, Aeromonas hydrophilia and synthetic activated sludge assays. However the IC50 value is higher than those for Ulva pertusa and papain assays, but within the reported range for Daphnia magna and Microtox assays.
  18. Shaharuddin S, Husen R, Othman A
    J Food Sci Technol, 2021 Jun;58(6):2360-2367.
    PMID: 33967332 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04748-0
    Baccaurea pubera is a blood red coloured fruit found exclusively in Borneo. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of superheated steam treatment on its antioxidant properties and mineral content as well as to determine nutritional values of the fruit. The fruits were treated with superheated steam at 170 °C for 15 min prior to extraction and freeze drying. The results showed that, in comparison to the control, superheated steam treatment enhanced the total phenolic content by 147.8% (287.16 mg GAE/100 g vs. 115.87 mg GAE/100 g) and DPPH radical scavenging activity by 23.7% (66.94% vs. 54.13%). However, there were reductions, as compared to the control treatments, in total flavonoid content by 16.5% (8.29 mg QE/100 g vs. 9.93 mg QE/100 g), lycopene content by 28.6% (0.020 μg/100 g vs. 0.028 μg/100 g) and ferric reducing antioxidant power by 22.2% (844.41 mg TE/100 g vs. 1085.15 mg TE/100 g). The superheated steam treatment was also observed to reduce the mineral content of the fruit, from as little as 3.6% to as high as 52% depending upon the specific mineral.
  19. Sandosham AA, Fredericks HJ, Ponnampalam JT, Seow CL, Ismail O, Othman AM, et al.
    J Trop Med Hyg, 1975 Mar;78(3):54-8.
    PMID: 1095776
    Chloroquine resistance is a well established entity in South East Asia, and presents a problem of increasing importance. Strains of P. falciparum resistant to chloroquine have also been found to be resistant to amodiaquine and a combination of pyrimethamine and sulphadoxine. Knowledge of the drug sensitivity of the strains of malaria parasite in a given locality is important so that the right choice of drugs can be made in treatment of the disease. The treatment of chloroquine resistant malaria in West Malaysia is a subject of another paper but suffice it to say that increased doses of chloroquine have still been found to be effective in treating many cases of falciparum malaria from areas of chloroquine resistance.
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