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  1. Rathmawati Ahmad, Normastura Abd Rahman, Ruhaya Hasan, Azizah Yusoff
    Malays J Nutr, 2017;23(2):239-252.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Appropriate oral health knowledge is essential to enable parents to be responsible for the oral health care of their children especially those with special needs. This study aimed to determine the oral health knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of parents and cariogenic food intake of their non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate children (NSCLP) compared to non-cleft children.

    Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected parents with children aged 1 to 6 years at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia and Kota Bharu Dental Clinic. A face-to-face interview using a validated questionnaire on oral health KAP and cariogenic food intake of their children was done. Data were analysed by using IBM SPSS version 22.0.

    Results: Sixty-four Malay parents with NSCLP (n=33) and non-cleft (n=31) children were recruited. The mean (SD) percentage score of oral health knowledge of parents in both groups (NSCLP and non-cleft) was fair, 59.5%(11.85) and 62.0%(15.00), P=0.4722; oral health attitude was good, 78.0% (9.30) and 80.2% (15.40), P=0.504; but oral health practice was poor 33.8% (5.94) and 36.1 (8.44), P=0.220. The cariogenic food frequency score was significantly higher in noncleft children; 40.2(10.32) compared to NSCLP children, 34.8(9.46), P=0.032.

    Conclusions: Parents of both groups had fair knowledge and good attitude but poor oral health practice. Cariogenic foods were consumed more by the non-cleft children. Oral health awareness among the parents needs to be strengthened towards good oral health attitude and practice and non-cariogenic food choices for the betterment of oral health status of their children.
  2. Rosnani Ngah, Ruhaya Hasan, Normastura Abd Rahman
    Malays J Nutr, 2019;25(1):79-97.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Cariogenic food intake and oral health knowledge, attitude and
    practices (KAP) of parents are contributing factors that influence the oral health
    status of children. As there is lack of a validated questionnaire in Bahasa Melayu
    (the Malay language) to measure the factors, this cross-sectional study was
    carried out to establish a linguistically valid and reliable cariogenic food frequency
    questionnaire (M-CFFQ) and oral health kap questionnaire (M-OHKAPQ) in Bahasa
    Melayu, for parents of children aged 6-11 years in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Methods:
    Relevant questionnaires in English were selected and translated to Malay language.
    This process included forward translation, synthesis, backward translation and
    consolidation to produce the preliminary drafts of M-CFFQ and M-OHKAPQ. Pretesting
    was conducted on ten parents of children from a primary school in Kota
    Bharu by face-to-face interview. The findings were reviewed to produce the final
    versions of M-CFFQ and M-OHKAPQ. A test-retest reliability study was undertaken
    involving 49 parents. The participants were asked to answer the final M-CFFQ and
    M-OHKAPQ versions twice, within a 7-14 days interval. Data collected were entered
    into IBM SPPS version 22 software and analysed using the Intraclass Correlation
    Coefficient (ICC) test. Results: Semantic, idiomatic, experiential, conceptual as well
    as content and face validity issues were successfully resolved. Fifteen categories
    of food/drinks for M-CFFQ and 26 items/questions M-OHKAPQ were produced.
    The total ICC values achieved for M-CFFQ and M-OHKAPQ were 0.887 and 0.807,
    respectively. Conclusion: The M-CFFQ and M-OHKAPQ appeared to be linguistically
    valid and reliable with excellent test-retest reliability (ICC>0.80).
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