Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 69 in total

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  1. Abd Rahman N, Abdullah N, Samsudin AR, Naing Mohd Ayub Sadiq L
    Malays J Med Sci, 2004 Jul;11(2):41-51.
    PMID: 22973126
    This study was done to determine the prevalence of dental anomalies and facial profile abnormality and its association with the non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (CLP) as compared to the non-cleft children. A comparative cross sectional study was conducted where the case group consist of 98 non-syndromic CLP children-unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral (BCLP) who attended the Combined Clinic at Kota Bharu Dental Clinic (KBDC) while the comparison group comprised of 109 non-cleft children who attended the outpatient clinic at KBDC. Their ages were between 3 to 12 years old. Clinical oral and facial profile examinations were carried out to look for dental anomalies (morphology, number and alignment of teeth) and facial profile abnormality. The prevalence of anomalies in morphology of teeth in CLP (24.5%) and non-cleft (10.1%), number of teeth in CLP (44.9%) and non-cleft (7.3%), mal-alignment in CLP (79.6%) and non-cleft (27.5%) and facial profile abnormality in CLP (26.5%) and non-cleft (9.1 %). There was a significant association between CLP and anomalies in morphology, number, mal-alignment and abnormality in facial profile; (p < 0.05). Therefore, there was a high prevalence and risk of dental anomalies and facial profile abnormality in the CLP children compared to the non-cleft children.
  2. Abdul Razak NH, Al-Salihi KA, Samsudin AR
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:119-20.
    PMID: 15468847
    Defects were created in the mandible of a rabbit model whereby the right side was implanted with hydroxyapatite (HA) while the left side was left empty to act as control. Both the implant and control sites were evaluated clinically and histologically at 4,12,20,22 weeks. Decalcified sections were studied under confocal laser scanning microscope. No reactive cells were evident microscopically in all sections. There was bone ingrowth as early as 4 weeks when viewed by the topographic method. Enhancement of osteoconduction was evident by the presence of abundant capillaries, perivascular tissue and osteoprogenitor cells of the host. At 22 weeks, the implanted defect showed mature bone formation filling almost the whole field. This study demonstrated that the dense HA exhibits excellent biocompatibility as noted by the complete absence of reactive cells. It also promotes osteoconduction.
  3. Abu-Rub N, Samsudin AR, Abdullah AB, Abdullah N
    Aust Orthod J, 2005 May;21(1):39-43.
    PMID: 16433080
    Presurgical orthopaedics has been employed since the 1950s as an adjunctive neonatal therapy for the correction of cleft lip and palate. It is accepted that presurgical orthopaedic plates facilitate lip repair and balanced orofacial growth.
  4. Al Qabbani A, Al Kawas S, A Razak NH, Al Bayatti SW, Enezei HH, Samsudin AR, et al.
    J Craniofac Surg, 2018 Mar;29(2):e203-e209.
    PMID: 29303859 DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000004263
    INTRODUCTION: Alveolar bone is critical in supporting natural teeth, dental implants as well as a removable and fixed prosthesis. Alveolar bone volume diminishes when its associated natural tooth is lost.

    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of bovine bone granules on alveolar bone socket augmentation for ridge preservation following atraumatic tooth extraction.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty medically fit patients (12 males and 8 females aged between 18 and 40 years) who needed noncomplicated tooth extraction of 1 mandibular premolar tooth were divided randomly and equally into 2 groups. In control group I, the empty extraction socket was left untreated and allowed to heal in a conventional way. In group II, the empty extraction socket wound was filled with lyophilized bovine bone xenograft granules 0.25 to 1 mm of size, 1 mL/vial. A resorbable pericardium membrane was placed to cover the defect. Clinical and 3-dimensional radiological assessments were performed at day 0, 3 months, and 9 months postoperative.

    RESULTS: There were no clinical differences in general wound healing between the groups. Comparisons within the groups showed a significant difference of bone resorption of 1.49 mm (95% confidence interval, 0.63-2.35) at 3 months, and further resorption of 1.84 mm (P ≤ 0.05) at 9 months in the control group. No significant changes of bone resorption were observed in group II during the same time interval. Comparison between groups showed a significant difference of bone resorption at 3 and 9 months (2.40 and 2.88 mm, respectively).

    CONCLUSION: The use of lyophilized demineralized bovine bone granules in socket preservation to fill in the extraction socket seems essential in preserving the alveolar bone dimension as it showed excellent soft and hard tissue healing. This study concludes that the alveolar bone socket exhibited a dynamic process of resorption from the first day of tooth extraction. Evidence shows the possibility of using bovine bone granules routinely in socket volume preservation techniques following tooth extraction.

  5. Al Qabbani A, Al Kawas S, Enezei H, Razak NHA, Al Bayatti SW, Samsudin AR, et al.
    Dent Res J (Isfahan), 2018;15(6):420-429.
    PMID: 30534170
    BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of immediate implant placement for alveolar bone augmentation and preservation with bovine bone graft following atraumatic tooth extraction.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective interventional study with convenient sampling (n = 10). Thirty patients aged between 18 and 40 years, who needed noncomplicated tooth extraction of mandibular premolar tooth, were sequentially divided equally into three groups. In Group I, simple extraction was done and the empty extraction socket left to heal conventionally. In Group II, extraction sockets were filled with lyophilized bovine granules only. In Group III, immediate implants were placed into extraction sockets, and the buccal gap was also filled with bovine granules. All groups were subjected to cone beam computed tomography scan for radiological evaluation. Assessment of biomechanical stability (radiofrequency analysis [RFA] was performed at 9 months postoperative for Group III to assess the degree of secondary stability of the implants using Osstell. Repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was applied when comparing within each group at three different time intervals, whereas one-way ANOVA was applied followed by post hoc-tukey test when comparing between groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

    RESULTS: Radiological assessment reveals a significant difference of bone resorption in alveolar dimension within Group I; 1.49 mm (P = 0.002), and 0.82 mm (P = 0.005), respectively, between day 0 and 3 months. Comparison between Group I and III showed a highly significant difference of bone resorption in ridge width at 3 months 2.56 mm (P = 0.001) and at 9 months interval 3.2 mm (P < 0.001). High RFA values demonstrating an excellent biomechanical stability were observed in Group III at 9 months postoperatively.

    CONCLUSION: The insertion of immediate implants in extraction sockets with bovine bone augmentation of the buccal gap was able to preserve a greater amount of alveolar ridge volume.

  6. Al Qabbani A, Rani KGA, Syarif J, AlKawas S, Sheikh Abdul Hamid S, Samsudin AR, et al.
    PLoS One, 2023;18(4):e0283922.
    PMID: 37018321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283922
    Current immunological issues in bone grafting regarding the transfer of xenogeneic donor bone cells into the recipient are challenging the industry to produce safer acellular natural matrices for bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a novel decellularization technique for producing bovine cancellous bone scaffold and compare its physicochemical, mechanical, and biological characteristics with demineralized cancellous bone scaffold in an in-vitro study. Cancellous bone blocks were harvested from a bovine femoral head (18-24 months old) subjected to physical cleansing and chemical defatting, and further processed in two ways. Group I was subjected to demineralization, while Group II underwent decellularization through physical, chemical, and enzymatic treatments. Both were then freeze-dried, and gamma radiated, finally producing a demineralized bovine cancellous bone (DMB) scaffold and decellularized bovine cancellous bone (DCC) scaffold. Both DMB and DCC scaffolds were subjected to histological evaluation, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), quantification of lipid, collagen, and residual nucleic acid content, and mechanical testing. The osteogenic potential was investigated through the recellularization of scaffolds with human osteoblast cell seeding and examined for cell attachment, proliferation, and mineralization by Alizarin staining and gene expression. DCC produced a complete acellular extracellular matrix (ECM) with the absence of nucleic acid content, wider pores with extensive interconnectivity and partially retaining collagen fibrils. DCC demonstrated a higher cell proliferation rate, upregulation of osteogenic differentiation markers, and substantial mineralized nodules production. Our findings suggest that the decellularization technique produced an acellular DCC scaffold with minimal damage to ECM and possesses osteogenic potential through the mechanisms of osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and osteogenesis in-vitro.
  7. Al Qabbani A, Rani KGA, AlKawas S, Sheikh Abdul Hamid S, Yap Abdullah A, Samsudin AR, et al.
    PLoS One, 2023;18(12):e0294291.
    PMID: 38127838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294291
    The aim of this study was to compare the ability of demineralized (DMB) and decellularized (DCC) bovine bone granules to support bone regeneration in rat calvaria critical-size defects. DMB and DCC were prepared using a previously published method. The granule size used ranged between 500 and 750 μm. A total of forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups (n = 24). A pair of 5 mm diameter defects were created on the calvaria of the rats in the right and left parietal bone in both groups. Group A animals received DMB granules and Group B received DCC granules in the right parietal defect side while the left parietal untreated defect acted as sham surgery for both groups. Four animals per group were euthanized in a CO2 chamber at day 7, 14 and 21 post-surgery and the calvaria implantation site biopsy harvested was subjected to osteogenic gene expression analysis. Another four animals per group were euthanized at days 15, 30 and 60 post surgery and the calvaria implantation site biopsy harvested was subjected to histological, immunohistochemistry, RAMAN spectroscopy and Micro-CT analysis at the mentioned time points. Statistical analysis was conducted using t-tests and ANOVA. Histomorphometry showed significantly higher new bone formation in the DCC sites (p<0.05) compared to DMB. Both DMB and DCC implantation sites showed distinct staining for osteocalcin and osteopontin proteins compared to their respective sham sites. By day 21 after implantation, DCC sites demonstrated significantly elevated mRNA levels of osteonectin (p<0.001), osteopontin (p<0.001), osteocalcin (p<0.0001), ALP (p<0.01), and BMP-2 (p<0.001) compared to DMB. However, VEGF expression showed no significant differences at this time point between the two groups. Micro-CT analysis also showed enhanced defect closure and higher bone density in DCC implanted sites while RAMAN spectra demonstrated increased abundance of collagen and bone minerals, especially, PO43- ions than DMB. In conclusion, both DMB and DCC granules demonstrated favorable osteogenic potential in critical-sized defects, with DCC exhibited superior osteoconductive, osteoinductive and osteogenesis properties.
  8. Al-Daghestani H, Qaisar R, Al Kawas S, Ghani N, Rani KGA, Azeem M, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2024 Feb 27;14(1):4719.
    PMID: 38413677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54944-7
    Hindlimb suspension (HLS) mice exhibit osteoporosis of the hindlimb bones and may be an excellent model to test pharmacological interventions. We investigated the effects of inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress with 4-phenyl butyrate (4-PBA) on the morphology, physicochemical properties, and bone turnover markers of hindlimbs in HLS mice. We randomly divided 21 male C57BL/6J mice into three groups, ground-based controls, untreated HLS group and 4-PBA treated group (HLS+4PBA) (100mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal) for 21 days. We investigated histopathology, micro-CT imaging, Raman spectroscopic analysis, and gene expression. Untreated HLS mice exhibited reduced osteocyte density, multinucleated osteoclast-like cells, adipocyte infiltration, and reduced trabecular striations on micro-CT than the control group. Raman spectroscopy revealed higher levels of ER stress, hydroxyproline, non-collagenous proteins, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and CH2Wag as well as a reduction in proteoglycans and adenine. Furthermore, bone alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin were downregulated, while Cathepsin K, TRAP, and sclerostin were upregulated. Treatment with 4-PBA partially restored normal bone histology, increased collagen crosslinking, and mineralization, promoted anti-inflammatory markers, and downregulated bone resorption markers. Our findings suggest that mitigating ER stress with 4-PBA could be a therapeutic intervention to offset osteoporosis in conditions mimicking hindlimb suspension.
  9. Al-Salihi KA, Samsudin AR
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:202-3.
    PMID: 15468888
    In this study the surface properties of two particulate coral and polyhydroxybutrate (PHB) were studied in order to characterize them prior to use in composite production. Coral powder and PHB particle were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, to measure surface porosity and pores size. The results showed that coral powder has multiple pleomorphic micropores cross each others give appearance of micro-interconnectivity. Some pore reached to 18 microm with an average porosity of 70%. PHB revealed multiple different size pores extended to the depth, with an average some times reach 25 microm and porosity 45%. These findings demonstrate that both coral and PHB have excellent pores size and porosity that facilitate bone in growth, vascular invasion and bone development. We believe that incorporation of coral powder into PHB will make an excellent composite scaffold for tissue engineering.
  10. Al-Salihi KA, Samsudin AR
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:45-6.
    PMID: 15468811
    This study was designed to evaluate the ability of natural coral implant to provide an environment for marrow cells to differentiate into osteoblasts and function suitable for mineralized tissue formation. DNA content, alkaline phosptatase (ALP) activity, calcium (Ca) content and mineralized nodules, were measured at day 3, day 7 and day 14, in rat bone marrow stromal cells cultured with coral discs glass discs, while cells alone and coral disc alone were cultured as control. DNA content, ALP activity, Ca content measurements showed no difference between coral, glass and cells groups at 3 day which were higher than control (coral disc alone), but there were higher measurement at day 7 and 14 in the cell cultured on coral than on glass discs, control cells and control coral discs. Mineralized nodules formation (both in area and number) was more predominant on the coral surface than in control groups. These results showed that natural coral implant provided excellent and favorable situation for marrow cell to differentiate to osteoblasts, lead to large amount of mineralized tissue formation on coral surface. This in vitro result could explain the rapid bone bonding of coral in vivo.
  11. Albajalan OB, Samsudin AR, Hassan R
    Eur J Orthod, 2011 Oct;33(5):509-14.
    PMID: 21118908 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjq108
    The aim of this study was to compare the skeletal and soft tissue patterns between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients and control group of non-OSA patients. Fifty Malays (32 males and 18 females) aged 18-65 years divided into two equal groups 25 (17 males and 8 females) with OSA and a control group 25 subjects (15 males and 10 females). Both groups were diagnosed using polysomnography. Nineteen variables related to craniofacial skeletal and soft tissue morphology were measured on lateral cephalometric films. Analysis of covariance was used to compare the means between the two groups. The results showed that OSA subjects had a significant increase in body mass index (BMI) and neck circumference than the control group. The soft palate and tongue were longer and thicker in OSA patients. In addition, upper, middle, and lower posterior airway spaces were narrower, the hyoid bone was more inferior and posterior, and the cranial base flexure angle was significantly acute when compared with the control group. The findings indicate that craniofacial abnormalities play significant roles in the pathogenesis of OSA in Malay patients.
  12. Ali AQ, Kannan TP, Ahmad A, Samsudin AR
    Toxicol In Vitro, 2008 Feb;22(1):57-67.
    PMID: 17892925
    The aims of this study are to determine the mutagenicity of a locally produced polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) using Salmonella mutagenicity test and to find out if PHB altered the expression of p53 and c-myc proto-oncogenes and bcl-xl and bcl-xs anti-apoptotic genes in the human fibroblast cell line, MRC-5. Different concentrations of PHB were incubated with special genotypic variants of Salmonella strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98 and TA100) carrying mutations in several genes both with and without metabolic activation (S9) and the test was assessed based on the number of revertant colonies. The average number of revertant colonies per plate treated with PHB was less than double as compared to that of negative control. For the gene expression analyses, fibroblast cell lines were treated with PHB at different concentrations and incubated for 1, 12, 24 and 48 h separately. The total RNA was isolated and analysed for the expression of p53, c-myc, bcl-xl and bcl-xs genes. The PHB did not show over or under expression of the genes studied. The above tests indicate that the locally produced PHB is non-genotoxic and does not alter the expression of the proto-oncogenes and anti-apoptotic genes considered in this study.
  13. Ang CY, Samsudin AR, Karima AM, Nizam A
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:149-50.
    PMID: 15468862
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and biological properties of a locally produced "Bovine Bone Sponge" for use in dentistry. Bovine bone sponge was prepared from local calf bone. Endotoxin level and surface properties were investigated. The pore size and water uptake ability were measured and results were compared with the commercial haemostatic agent. The material was tested for its haemostatic property and its inhibition of alveolar bone resorption in a sheep model following dental extraction. Results revealed a significant difference in haemostatic effect, and a shorter bleeding time and a lower rate of alveolar bone resorption in bovine bone sponge compare to a commercial haemostatic agent.
  14. Azlina A, Samsudin AR
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:166-7.
    PMID: 15468870
    In Malaysia, the field of genomics in toxicology is still in infancy. The purpose of this study is to focus on the use of toxicogenomics for determination of gene expressions changes in cultured human fibroblast cells treated with genotoxicology free biomaterial (using Ames test), a locally produced hyroxyapatite. Dose and time response is similar to Ames test with time interval up to 21 days. mRNA is extracted, followed with RT-PCR and polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis. Changes of the gene expressions compared to the non-treated fibroblast mRNA would suggest some gene interactions in the molecule level associated with the exposure of the fibroblast cell line to the biomaterials. Further analysis (cloning & sequencing) shall be carried out to investigate the genes involved as simple changes might not signified toxicity.
  15. Baharudin A, Samsudin AR, Halim AS, Shafie MA
    Med J Malaysia, 2007 Aug;62(3):254-5.
    PMID: 18246921 MyJurnal
    Hemangiomas are the most common congenital lesions in man and occur predominantly in the head and neck region. Massive hemangioma especially near vital organs or structures pose a challenge to surgeons. With the availability of expertise in embolization of feeding vessel of the hemangioma and reconstructive techniques we were able to manage successfully a complicated case of massive facial hemangioma.
  16. Banabilh SM, Samsudin AR, Suzina AH, Dinsuhaimi S
    Angle Orthod, 2010 Jan;80(1):37-42.
    PMID: 19852637 DOI: 10.2319/011509-26.1
    To test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in facial profile shape, malocclusion class, or palatal morphology in Malay adults with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
  17. Banabilh SM, Suzina AH, Mohamad H, Dinsuhaimi S, Samsudin AR, Singh GD
    Clin Oral Investig, 2010 Oct;14(5):491-8.
    PMID: 19806371 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-009-0342-9
    The aim of the present study is to investigate nasal airway morphology in Asian adults with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using acoustic rhinometry (AR), principal components analysis (PCA), and 3-D finite-element analysis (FEA). One hundred eight adult Malays aged 18-65 years (mean ± SD, 33.2 ± 13.31) underwent clinical examination and limited channel polysomnography, providing 54 patients with OSA and 54 non-OSA controls. The mean minimal cross section area 1 (MCA1) and the mean minimal cross sectional area 2 (MCA2) were obtained from AR for all subjects and subjected to t tests. The OSA and control nasal airways were reconstructed in 3-D and subjected to PCA and FEA. The mean MCA1 and MCA2 using AR were found to be significantly smaller in the OSA group than in the control group (p < 0.001). Comparing the 3-D OSA and control nasal airways using PCA, the first two eigenvalues accounted for 94% of the total shape change, and statistical differences were found (p < 0.05). Similarly, comparing the nasal airways using FEA, the 3-D mean OSA nasal airway was significantly narrower in the OSA group compared to the control group. Specifically, decreases in size of approx. 10-22% were found in the nasal valve/head of inferior turbinate area. In conclusion, differences in nasal airway morphology are present when comparing patients with OSA to controls. These differences need to be recognized as they can improve our understanding of the etiological basis of obstructive sleep apnea and facilitate its subsequent management.
  18. Banabilh SM, Suzina AH, Dinsuhaimi S, Samsudin AR, Singh GD
    J Oral Rehabil, 2009 Mar;36(3):184-92.
    PMID: 19207445 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2008.01915.x
    The association between dental arch morphology and the aetiology of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is not clear. To compare dental arch morphology in 108 Asian adults with and without ''OSA, overnight'' hospital polysomnography was performed, and sleep reports were obtained for all subjects. Standardized digital photographs were also taken of the subjects' upper and lower study models. Using 25 homologous landmarks, mean OSA and control dental arch configurations were computed, and subjected to finite-element morphometry (FEM), t-tests and principal components analysis (PCA). Mean upper and lower OSA dental arch morphologies were statistically different from respective Control upper and lower arch morphologies (P < 0.05). FEM of the upper arch indicated that the mean OSA configuration was 7-11% narrower in the transverse plane in the incisor and canine regions when compared with the control configuration, and inter-landmark analysis (ILA) confirmed this finding. FEM for the lower arch indicated that the mean OSA configuration was 10-11% narrower in the antero-posterior plane in the pre-molar and molar regions, and confirmed by ILA. Using PCA, significant differences were also found between the two groups in the lower arch using the first two eigenvalues, which accounted for 90% of the total shape change (P < 0.001). Supporting their role as aetiological factors, size and shape differences in dental arch morphology are found in patients with OSA.
  19. Banabilh SM, Suzina AH, Dinsuhaimi S, Samsudin AR, Singh GD
    Sleep Breath, 2009 Mar;13(1):19-24.
    PMID: 18763003 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-008-0211-9
    INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity are serious, widespread public health issues.

    OBJECTIVE: To localize and quantify geometric morphometric differences in facial soft tissue morphology in adults with and without OSA.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty adult Malays, consisting of 40 patients with OSA and 40 non-OSA controls, were studied. Both groups were evaluated by the attending physician and through ambulatory sleep studies. 3-D stereophotogrammetry was used to capture facial soft tissues of both groups. The 3-D mean OSA and control facial configurations were computed and subjected to principal components analysis (PCA) and finite-element morphometry (FEM).

    RESULTS: The body mass index was significantly greater for the OSA group (32.3 kg/m(2) compared to 24.8 kg/m(2), p < 0.001). The neck circumference was greater for the OSA group (42.7 cm compared to 37.1 cm, p < 0.001). Using PCA, significant differences were found in facial shape between the two groups using the first two principal components, which accounted for 50% of the total shape change (p < 0.05). Using FEM, these differences were localized in the bucco-submandibular regions of the face predominantly, indicating an increase in volume of 7-22% (p < 0.05) for the OSA group.

    CONCLUSION: Craniofacial obesity in the bucco-submandibular regions is associated with OSA and may provide valuable screening information for the identification of patients with undiagnosed OSA.

  20. Banabilh SM, Rajion ZA, Samsudin AR, Singh GD
    Int J Orthod Milwaukee, 2006;17(4):17-20.
    PMID: 17256439
    Facial soft tissues are a major determinant of treatment choice. When Class I and Class II malocclusions were compared using finite-element analysis, morphologic differences were localized and quantified. This study highlights the importance of determining the timing, magnitude and direction offacial growth prior to treatment to achieve stable results.
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