MyMedR

Hydrophobic protein in colorectal cancer in relation to tumor stages and grades

Yeoh LC, Loh CK, Gooi BH, Singh M, Gam LH

World J Gastroenterol, 2010 Jun 14;16(22):2754-63.

PMID: 20533595

AIM: To identify differentially expressed hydrophobic proteins in colorectal cancer.

METHODS: Eighteen pairs of colorectal cancerous tissues in addition to tissues from normal mucosa were analysed. Hydrophobic proteins were extracted from the tissues, separated using 2-D gel electrophoresis and analysed using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Statistical analysis of the proteins was carried out in order to determine the significance of each protein to colorectal cancer (CRC) and also their relation to CRC stages, grades and patients' gender.

RESULTS: Thirteen differentially expressed proteins which were expressed abundantly in either cancerous or normal tissues were identified. A number of these proteins were found to relate strongly with a particular stage or grade of CRC. In addition, the association of these proteins with patient gender also appeared to be significant.

CONCLUSION: Stomatin-like protein 2 was found to be a promising biomarker for CRC, especially in female patients. The differentially expressed proteins identified were associated with CRC and may act as drug target candidates.

Fulltext Chemometrics of differentially expressed proteins from colorectal cancer patients

Yeoh LC, Dharmaraj S, Gooi BH, Singh M, Gam LH

World J Gastroenterol, 2011 Apr 28;17(16):2096-103.

PMID: 21547128 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i16.2096

To evaluate the usefulness of differentially expressed proteins from colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues for differentiating cancer and normal tissues.

Specimen shrinkage and its influence on margin assessment in breast cancer

Yeap BH, Muniandy S, Lee SK, Sabaratnam S, Singh M

Asian J Surg, 2007 Jul;30(3):183-7.

PMID: 17638637

The determination of tumour-free margin in breast cancer is crucial in deciding subsequent patient management. To exemplify the phenomenon of margin contraction during specimen preparation for histopathological analysis, we quantified the shrinkage of breast specimens as a result of formalin fixation.

Studies on the Malayan forest rat filaria, Breinlia booliati: periodicity and microfilaraemic patterns during the course of infection

Yap EH, Ho BC, Singh M, Kang KL, Lim BL

J Helminthol, 1975 Dec;49(4):263-9.

PMID: 1206216

Breinlia booliati exhibited nocturnal subperiodicity in its natural host, Rattus sabanus in contrast to experimentally infected laboratory-reared albine rats which showed irregular fluctuations of microfilariae throughout the 24 hour cycle. All the infected albino rats showed a prepatent period between 11-14 weeks postinoculation. Three patterns of microfilaraemia were discerned during the course of infection 38/49 rats displayed a single peak, 4/49 displayed 2 peaks about 12-15 weeks apart and 7/49 showed a sustained high plateau-like pattern of microfilaraemia. Cortisone had no effect on microfilarial levels when administered to rats near postpatency and some at postpatency.

Fulltext Rationale and protocol paper for the Asia Pacific Network for inherited eye diseases

Wong WM, Tham YC, Simunovic MP, Chen FK, Luu CD, Chen H, et al.

Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila), 2024;13(1):100030.

PMID: 38233300 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2023.100030

PURPOSE: There are major gaps in our knowledge of hereditary ocular conditions in the Asia-Pacific population, which comprises approximately 60% of the world's population. Therefore, a concerted regional effort is urgently needed to close this critical knowledge gap and apply precision medicine technology to improve the quality of lives of these patients in the Asia-Pacific region.

DESIGN: Multi-national, multi-center collaborative network.

METHODS: The Research Standing Committee of the Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology and the Asia-Pacific Society of Eye Genetics fostered this research collaboration, which brings together renowned institutions and experts for inherited eye diseases in the Asia-Pacific region. The immediate priority of the network will be inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), where there is a lack of detailed characterization of these conditions and in the number of established registries.

RESULTS: The network comprises 55 members from 35 centers, spanning 12 countries and regions, including Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand. The steering committee comprises ophthalmologists with experience in consortia for eye diseases in the Asia-Pacific region, leading ophthalmologists and vision scientists in the field of IRDs internationally, and ophthalmic geneticists.

CONCLUSIONS: The Asia Pacific Inherited Eye Disease (APIED) network aims to (1) improve genotyping capabilities and expertise to increase early and accurate genetic diagnosis of IRDs, (2) harmonise deep phenotyping practices and utilization of ontological terms, and (3) establish high-quality, multi-user, federated disease registries that will facilitate patient care, genetic counseling, and research of IRDs regionally and internationally.

Reye and Reye-like syndromes: results of a pilot study in Peninsular Malaya, 1986

Sinniah D, Sinniah R, Yap YF, Singh M, George R, Lim NL, et al.

Acta Paediatr Jpn, 1990 Aug;32(4):385-90.

PMID: 2288220

A pilot epidemiologic study of all cases of Reye and Reye-like syndromes was undertaken at 8 representative major hospitals in Peninsular Malaya from January 1st to December 31st 1986. The cases were classified as definitive Reye's syndrome, clinical Reye's syndrome and encephalo-hepatopathies. Less than 50% of cases reviewed fulfilled the National Center for Disease Control criteria for clinical Reye's syndrome. Causes of Reye-like syndromes/encephalo-hepatopathies included fulminant hepatitis, Japanese B encephalitis, dengue, septicaemia, and complex febrile fits. It was not possible to differentiate clinical Reye's syndrome from the other encephalo-hepatopathies by either the clinical features (except for jaundice) or biochemical parameters. Liver biopsy is necessary for a definitive diagnosis of Reye's syndrome in Malaysia, because of the high prevalence of Reye-like diseases. The mortality rate in the 2 groups of patients is similar. Ingestion of salicylates was not found to be significantly associated with Reye and Reye-like syndromes in this study.

Prevalence of parasitic infections in Malaysian oil palm estate workers

Sinniah B, Sinniah D, Singh M, Poon GK

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1978 Jun;9(2):272-6.

PMID: 725660

A survey of workers and families resident in an oil palm estate in Malaysia revealed high incidence of parasitic infections. The commonest parasites are T. trichiura (56%), A. lumbricoides (52%), hookworm (28%), Entamoeba coli (11.3%) and Giardia lamblia (11.3%). Mixed infections by two or more parasites was seen in 46% of the subjects. Anaemia was present in 70% of children with hookworm infection. Eosinophilia was observed in 69% of subjects. One each of Hymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis diminuta infection was detected. This is the first report of Hymenolepis diminuta infection in man in Malaysia.

Preliminary survey of Capillaria hepatica (Bancroft, 1893) in Malaysia

Sinniah B, Singh M, Anuar K

J Helminthol, 1979 Jun;53(2):147-52.

PMID: 479546

The prevalence of Capillaria hepatica (Bancroft, 1893) infection in a total of 2324 rats trapped from 25 localities in West Malaysia was 15.5%. Infection rates in males (16.0%) and females (15.1%) are similar. A significantly higher percentage of adults (18.1%) than young (7.7%) was infected. Capillaria hepatica infection rates among urban (0.7%) and jungle (0.0%) rats was very low as compared to field rats (17.7%) trapped from agricultural areas such as oil palm estates and rice growing areas. Prevalence of C. hepatica infection in rats is not evenly distributed throughout West Malaysia. There seem to be localised foci of infection. In some areas as many as 77.8% of the adult rats are found to be infected while in other areas the same species of rats are found free of infection.

Combinational effect of angiotensin receptor blocker and folic acid therapy on uric acid and creatinine level in hyperhomocysteinemia-associated hypertension

Singh Y, Samuel VP, Dahiya S, Gupta G, Gillhotra R, Mishra A, et al.

Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 2019 Sep;66(5):715-719.

PMID: 31314127 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1799

Homocysteine [HSCH2 CH2 CH(NH2 )COOH] (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing amino acid of 135.18 Da of molecular weight, generated during conversion of methionine to cysteine. If there is a higher accumulation of Hcy in the blood, that is usually above 15 µmol/L, it leads to a condition referred to as hyperhomocysteinemia. A meta-analysis of observational study suggested an elevated concentration of Hcy in blood, which is termed as the risk factors leading to ischemic heart disease and stroke. Further experimental studies stated that Hcy can lead to an increase in the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and functional impairment of endothelial cells. The analyses confirmed some of the predictors for Hcy presence, such as serum uric acid (UA), systolic blood pressure, and hematocrit. However, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) alone are inadequate for controlling UA and creatinine level, although the addition of folic acid may be beneficial in hypertensive patients who are known to have a high prevalence of elevated Hcy. We hypothesized that combination therapy with an ARB (olmesartan) and folic acid is a promising treatment for lowering the UA and creatinine level in hyperhomocysteinemia-associated hypertension.

Disruption of the biological activity of protease-activated receptors2/4 in adults rather than children in SARS CoV-2 virus-mediated mortality in COVID-19 infection

Singh Y, Fuloria NK, Fuloria S, Subramaniyan V, Almalki WH, Gupta G, et al.

Drug Dev Res, 2021 Dec;82(8):1075-1078.

PMID: 34469011 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21874

One of the most remarkable results in 2019 is the reduced prevalence and death of children from coronavirus infection (COVID-19). In 2019, a worldwide pandemic impacted around 0.1 billion individuals, with over 3.5 million mortality reported in the literature. There is minimal knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 infection immunological responses in kids. Studies have been focused mostly on adults and children since the course of pediatric sickness is often short. In adults, severe COVID-19 is related to an excessive inflammatory reaction. Macrophages and monocytes are well known to contribute to this systemic response, although numerous lines are indicative of the importance of neutrophils. An increased number of neutrophils and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios are early signs of SARS-CoV-2 and a worse prognosis. In this study that it is crucial to monitor PAR2 and PAR4 expression and function (since nursing children have elevated levels) and the inhibiting the normal physiology through the use of anticoagulants may exacerbate the problem in adults. Thus, in COVID-19 infection, we propose the use of antiplatelet (thromboxane A2 inhibitors), if required rather than anticoagulants (FXa and thrombin Inhibitors).

First observation of Afromorgus chinensis (boheman, 1858) (Coleoptera: Trogidae) on a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L., 1758) carcass and its implications in forensic entomology

Singh S, Yong SK, Rahimi R, Singh MKC, Low VL, Pittino R, et al.

Trop Biomed, 2023 Sep 01;40(3):370-374.

PMID: 37897172 DOI: 10.47665/tb.40.3.015

Beetles (Coleoptera) are known to constitute forensic evidence in medico-legal investigations as their presence can be used to date human remains in almost all decomposition stages. Many forensic studies focus on the successional colonization pattern of flies (Diptera); however, beetles have not so far been studied extensively for this aspect. A beetle of the genus Afromorgus Scholtz, 1986, A. chinensis (Boheman, 1858) (Scarabaeoidea: Trogidae), was found beneath a late decaying rabbit carcass at Paya Indah Wetland, Dengkil, Malaysia, for the first time. Both genus and species are already known to occur in Malaysia from literature.

Molecular detection and genetic diversity of Babesia gibsoni in dogs in India

Singh MN, Raina OK, Sankar M, Rialch A, Tigga MN, Kumar GR, et al.

Infect Genet Evol, 2016 07;41:100-106.

PMID: 27020545 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.03.025

Babesia gibsoni is a tick borne intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite causing piroplasmosis in dogs and has been predominantly reported in Asian countries, including Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Bangladesh and India. The present communication is the first evidence on the genetic diversity of B. gibsoni of dogs in India. Blood samples were collected from 164 dogs in north and northeast states of India and 13 dogs (7.9%) were found positive for B. gibsoni infection by microscopic examination of blood smears. Molecular confirmation of these microscopic positive cases for B. gibsoni was carried out by 18S rRNA nested-PCR, followed by sequencing. Nested-PCR for the 18S rRNA gene was also carried out on microscopically B. gibsoni negative samples that detected a higher percentage of dogs (28.6%) infected with B. gibsoni. Genetic diversity in B. gibsoni in India was determined by studying B. gibsoni thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (BgTRAP) gene fragments (855bp) in 19 isolates from four north and northeast states of India. Phylogenetic analysis of the BgTRAP gene revealed that B. gibsoni parasite in India and Bangladesh formed a distinct cluster away from other Asian B. gibsoni isolates available from Japan, Taiwan and Korea. In addition, tandem repeat analysis of the BgTRAP gene clearly showed considerable genetic variation among Indian isolates that was shared by B. gibsoni isolates of Bangladesh. These results suggested that B. gibsoni parasites in a different genetic clade are endemic in dogs in India and Bangladesh. Further studies are required for better understanding of the genetic diversity of B. gibsoni prevalent in India and in its neighbouring countries.

Fulltext Early results of a rotation flap to treat chronic anal fissures

Singh M, Sharma A, Duthie G, Balasingh D, Kandasamy P

Asian J Surg, 2005 Jul;28(3):189-91.

PMID: 16024313

Treatment of anal fissures has changed dramatically in the past decade. This is primarily due to a better understanding of its pathophysiology and the implications of the various available options. Only a few anal fissures fail to respond to medical therapy. Sphincterotomy and anal dilatation have fallen out of favour due to the risk of incontinence. Island flaps have been proposed to address this, but 60-70% of the flap donor sites break down with complications. We propose using a rotation flap to overcome this problem.

Postural behaviour of intraocular pressure following trabeculoplasty

Singh M, Kaur B

Int Ophthalmol, 1992 May;16(3):163-6.

PMID: 1452420

Postural behaviour of intraocular pressure (IOP) was studied in 29 glaucomatous eyes before and after argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) and compared with that of 60 normal eyes. Although argon laser trabeculoplasty was successful in lowering the IOP below 21 mm Hg, it produced little effect on the postural behaviour of the IOP. No significant change was observed in the amplitude of postural rise of IOP in ALT treated eyes.

Fulltext Postural behaviour of intraocular pressure

Singh M, Chin SSH

Med J Malaysia, 1986 Mar;41(1):38-43.

PMID: 3796346

Raised intraocular pressure (lOP) is generally held responsible for causing visual loss in chronic simple glaucoma. It is therefore desirable that a safe level of lOP be maintained all the time. Elevation of lOP with change of body position has been suggested as one of the factors which result in tissue damage in low tension as well as in primary wide open angle glaucoma. Postural behaviour of lOP was therefore studied in 58 normal and 30 glaucomatous Malaysian eyes. Clinical significance and possible pathogenesis of abnormal postural response of lOP has been discussed. More application of this simple procedure is advocated.

Fulltext Eye injuries with retained intraocular foreign material

Singh M

Med J Malaysia, 1986 Mar;41(1):33-7.

PMID: 3796345

A retrospective study of 37 intraocular foreign bodies treated over a five-year period is presented. Their aetiology, complications and visual results are discussed in the light of recent development in the management of serious ocular trauma.
Study site: Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (UKM unit)

Fulltext Anterior leprotic retinitis of trantas: a case report

Singh M

Med J Malaysia, 1985 Jun;40(2):139-41.

PMID: 3841732

A case of rare retinal lesion occurring in a young girl suffering from lepromatous leprosy is described. Fundus lesions in leprosy are extremely rare but do occur in some cases without causing any threat to vision. Their response to antileprotic treatment is not clearly known.

Fulltext "Miotic-induced retinal detachment": a case report

Singh M

Med J Malaysia, 1985 Jun;40(2):136-8.

PMID: 3834285

A rare case of pilocarpine-induced retinal detachment occurring in the only useful myopic eye of a young Chinese woman is described. Problems of treating raised intraocular pressure in high-risk cases of retinal detachment are discussed.

A new record of Platynosomum proxilliciens in Malaysian crows (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae)

Singh M, Sinniah B

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1980 Mar;11(1):148.

PMID: 7403950

Actinomycetic corneal ulcer

Singh M, Kaur B

Eye (Lond), 1989;3 ( Pt 4):460-2.

PMID: 2606221

A rare case of keratoactinomycosis developing in the absence of any known ocular trauma is described. It showed a dramatic response to penicillin therapy. Steroids should be cautiously used in the presence of active corneal disease. This case highlights the importance of repeated examination of corneal scrapings.

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