MyMedR

Hydrophobic protein in colorectal cancer in relation to tumor stages and grades

Yeoh LC, Loh CK, Gooi BH, Singh M, Gam LH

World J Gastroenterol, 2010 Jun 14;16(22):2754-63.

PMID: 20533595

AIM: To identify differentially expressed hydrophobic proteins in colorectal cancer.

METHODS: Eighteen pairs of colorectal cancerous tissues in addition to tissues from normal mucosa were analysed. Hydrophobic proteins were extracted from the tissues, separated using 2-D gel electrophoresis and analysed using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Statistical analysis of the proteins was carried out in order to determine the significance of each protein to colorectal cancer (CRC) and also their relation to CRC stages, grades and patients' gender.

RESULTS: Thirteen differentially expressed proteins which were expressed abundantly in either cancerous or normal tissues were identified. A number of these proteins were found to relate strongly with a particular stage or grade of CRC. In addition, the association of these proteins with patient gender also appeared to be significant.

CONCLUSION: Stomatin-like protein 2 was found to be a promising biomarker for CRC, especially in female patients. The differentially expressed proteins identified were associated with CRC and may act as drug target candidates.

Fulltext Chemometrics of differentially expressed proteins from colorectal cancer patients

Yeoh LC, Dharmaraj S, Gooi BH, Singh M, Gam LH

World J Gastroenterol, 2011 Apr 28;17(16):2096-103.

PMID: 21547128 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i16.2096

To evaluate the usefulness of differentially expressed proteins from colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues for differentiating cancer and normal tissues.

Analysis of differentially expressed proteins in cancerous and normal colonic tissues

Gam LH, Leow CH, Man CN, Gooi BH, Singh M

World J Gastroenterol, 2006 Aug 21;12(31):4973-80.

PMID: 16937492

AIM: To identify and analyze the differentially expressed proteins in normal and cancerous tissues of four patients suffering from colon cancer.

METHODS: Colon tissues (normal and cancerous) were homogenized and the proteins were extracted using three protein extraction buffers. The extraction buffers were used in an orderly sequence of increasing extraction strength for proteins with hydrophobic properties. The protein extracts were separated using the SDS-PAGE method and the images were captured and analyzed using Quantity One software. The target protein bands were subjected to in-gel digestion with trypsin and finally analyzed using an ESI-ion trap mass spectrometer.

RESULTS: A total of 50 differentially expressed proteins in colonic cancerous and normal tissues were identified.

CONCLUSION: Many of the identified proteins have been reported to be involved in the progression of similar or other types of cancers. However, some of the identified proteins have not been reported before. In addition, a number of hypothetical proteins were also identified.

First observation of Afromorgus chinensis (boheman, 1858) (Coleoptera: Trogidae) on a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L., 1758) carcass and its implications in forensic entomology

Singh S, Yong SK, Rahimi R, Singh MKC, Low VL, Pittino R, et al.

Trop Biomed, 2023 Sep 01;40(3):370-374.

PMID: 37897172 DOI: 10.47665/tb.40.3.015

Beetles (Coleoptera) are known to constitute forensic evidence in medico-legal investigations as their presence can be used to date human remains in almost all decomposition stages. Many forensic studies focus on the successional colonization pattern of flies (Diptera); however, beetles have not so far been studied extensively for this aspect. A beetle of the genus Afromorgus Scholtz, 1986, A. chinensis (Boheman, 1858) (Scarabaeoidea: Trogidae), was found beneath a late decaying rabbit carcass at Paya Indah Wetland, Dengkil, Malaysia, for the first time. Both genus and species are already known to occur in Malaysia from literature.

Post-mortem pulmonary tuberculosis: comparison of available diagnostic methods

Chainchel Singh MK, Johari B, Naik VR, Lai PS, Siew SF

Trop Biomed, 2023 Jun 01;40(2):165-169.

PMID: 37650402 DOI: 10.47665/tb.40.2.006

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a serious public health threat with the World Health Organisation (WHO) reporting 5.8 million cases and 1.3 million deaths in the year 2020 due to TB. TB can be diagnosed by imaging, histopathological and bacteriological methods with culture remaining the gold standard. This study was performed to look at the sensitivity and specificity of post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) imaging when compared to culture in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis. This was a retrospective comparative study looking at post mortem cases where lung tissue samples sent for TB culture at Hospital Kuala Lumpur were compared against PMCT imaging. Exclusion criteria included contaminated samples, decomposed cases, immunocompromised subjects and those below 18 years of age. Subjects included 80 medico-legal autopsy cases at the National Institute of Forensic Medicine, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia who had whole body PMCT done in accordance with the Institute's protocol and tissue samples sent for bacteriology culture for tuberculosis. PMCT findings were positively associated with acid-fast organisms in 23.5 out of 33 cases (71.2%). Our study also showed that PMCT had a sensitivity of 71.3% and specificity of 54.3% (95% CI: 39.5-68.4) in diagnosing TB based on the protocol set in this study. This study showed that there was relatively good agreement between radiological PMCT findings and bacterial culture, suggesting that radiological examination is a relatively reliable tool for preliminary screening and possible diagnosis of TB prior to a postmortem examination which would be beneficial in reducing the risk of transmission of TB to health workers during autopsy.

Studies on human filariasis in Malaysia: immunoglobulin and complement levels in persons infected with Brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti

Joon-Wah M, Singh M, Yap EH, Ho BC, Kang KL

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1979;73(4):395-9.

PMID: 400204

Levels of immunoglobulins G, A, M and E as well as complement components C3c and C4 have been determined in populations in various endemic areas in Peninsular Malaysia and also in filariasis patients. High immunoglobulin levels were seen. In the microfilarial-negative group IgG was 2009 mg% while IgE was 3967 I.U./ml. In the filariasis group, Wuchereria bancrofti patients had significantly higher levels of IgG, IgM and IgE, namely, 3314 mg%, 804 mg% and 18400 I.U./ml respectively. The significance of these levels is discussed.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE TREATMENT OUTCOME OF INTENTIONAL REPLANTATION ON TEETH WITH PERIAPICAL PERIODONTITIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Ong TK, Lim D, Singh M, Fial AV

J Evid Based Dent Pract, 2022 Dec;22(4):101722.

PMID: 36494117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2022.101722

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this review was to appraise the quality of evidence of the existing publications on IR, and to perform a meta-analysis on the treatment outcomes of IR.

METHODS: The specific PIO questions were as follows: Population: Patients with periapical periodontitis either before or after non-surgical endodontic therapy.

INTERVENTION: IR performed with retrograde preparation and retrograde filling.

OUTCOMES: the healing, treatment complications, and the factors influencing these outcomes after IR. Electronic and hand searches were performed in the Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases. Two authors independently screened the titles and abstracts for eligibility. The risk of bias was performed using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool, and each study was rated as "Good", "Fair" or "Poor". The analyses were performed on the treatment outcome (healing and complications), and the factors influencing the outcome of the procedure.

RESULTS: Fourteen articles were included in the qualitative and quantitative syntheses. One was a prospective cohort study, and the other 13 were retrospective cohort studies. Overall, the evidence of this review was of poor-to-fair quality. The pooled healing rate was 80.2%, and there was a 21.7% of complication rate. Longer follow-up period, the presence of perio-endo disease, the use of non-bioceramic material as retrograde filling, longer extraoral time, and maxillary molar were found to be associated with lower healing rates. However, the differences between the subgroups were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS: The present review showed IR yielded a good overall healing rate with a low complication rate. Taking the quality of evidence into account, more high-quality studies are required to evaluate the validity of the factors that may influence the treatment outcome of IR.

A new record of Platynosomum proxilliciens in Malaysian crows (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae)

Singh M, Sinniah B

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1980 Mar;11(1):148.

PMID: 7403950

A study on the prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in Singapore

Lim KC, Pillai R, Singh M

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1982 Dec;13(4):547-50.

PMID: 6763354

The indirect fluorescence antibody technique has been employed to study the prevalence of toxoplasma antibodies in Singapore. 42.5% of clinically suspected cases of toxoplasmosis showed antibody titres. Of these, 17.5% had titres greater than or equal to 1.64. Malays and Indians have higher positive rates compared to the main ethnic group, the Chinese. Antibody titres are found in both males and females and span through the various age groups. The possible mode of transmission is discussed and the importance of congenital toxoplasmosis is indicated.

Studies on human filariasis in Malaysia: immunodiagnosis using indirect immunofluorescence

Singh M, Kane GJ, Yap EH, Ho BC, Mak JW, Kang KL

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1979 Dec;10(4):486-97.

PMID: 395664

The indirect immunofluorescence test using sonicated microfilariae of Brugia malayi has been evaluated on 173 sera from patients and persons exposed to Wuchereria bancrofti and B. malayi in endemic areas of Peninsular Malaysia. In the microfilaria-negative group, without signs and symptoms of filariasis 55/62 sera (89%) had titers of 1:16 and less. In the microfilaremic groups and in the amicrofilaremic cases with clinical filariasis, all the sera tested were positive, with the antibody titers ranging generally from 1:16 - 1:256. Cross-reaction tests were done on 16 samples of onchocerciasis sera from West Africa using sonicated antigen as well as antigen-coated CNB1-activated sepharose. Antibody titers were detected in all the sera. The usefulness of the sonicated microfilarial antigen in serodiagnosis of filariasis is discussed.

On a collection of nematode parasites from Malayan rats

Singh M, Chee-Hock C

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1971 Dec;2(4):516-21.

PMID: 5144152

Prevalence of parasitic infections in Malaysian oil palm estate workers

Sinniah B, Sinniah D, Singh M, Poon GK

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1978 Jun;9(2):272-6.

PMID: 725660

A survey of workers and families resident in an oil palm estate in Malaysia revealed high incidence of parasitic infections. The commonest parasites are T. trichiura (56%), A. lumbricoides (52%), hookworm (28%), Entamoeba coli (11.3%) and Giardia lamblia (11.3%). Mixed infections by two or more parasites was seen in 46% of the subjects. Anaemia was present in 70% of children with hookworm infection. Eosinophilia was observed in 69% of subjects. One each of Hymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis diminuta infection was detected. This is the first report of Hymenolepis diminuta infection in man in Malaysia.

Distribution and ecological consideration of Breinlia booliati infecting wild rodents in Malaysia

Liat LB, Wah MJ, Singh M, Ho BC, Hian YE

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1975 Jun;6(2):241-6.

PMID: 1166352

Seven of the 18 species of lowland forest terrestrial and semi-arboreal murids were found naturally infected with Breinlia booliati. Of these, two species, Rattus sabanus and R. cremoriventer, were found to be the most preferred hosts. None of the murids from the highland, field or human-inhabited areas was infected. This could have been due more to the greater scarcity of the vectors in these habitats than to the susceptibility of the hosts. The absence of this parasite in the squirrels examined may be attributed either to host specificity or to the normal activity cycles or vertical stratification of the vectors, separating them in space and/or time from the squirrels. The pattern of dispersion of the parasite is influenced by the wide distribution of suitable hosts, and the hypothesis that the parasite is of forest origin is discussed.

Fulltext Postural behaviour of intraocular pressure

Singh M, Chin SSH

Med J Malaysia, 1986 Mar;41(1):38-43.

PMID: 3796346

Raised intraocular pressure (lOP) is generally held responsible for causing visual loss in chronic simple glaucoma. It is therefore desirable that a safe level of lOP be maintained all the time. Elevation of lOP with change of body position has been suggested as one of the factors which result in tissue damage in low tension as well as in primary wide open angle glaucoma. Postural behaviour of lOP was therefore studied in 58 normal and 30 glaucomatous Malaysian eyes. Clinical significance and possible pathogenesis of abnormal postural response of lOP has been discussed. More application of this simple procedure is advocated.

Fulltext Eye injuries with retained intraocular foreign material

Singh M

Med J Malaysia, 1986 Mar;41(1):33-7.

PMID: 3796345

A retrospective study of 37 intraocular foreign bodies treated over a five-year period is presented. Their aetiology, complications and visual results are discussed in the light of recent development in the management of serious ocular trauma.
Study site: Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (UKM unit)

Fulltext Anterior leprotic retinitis of trantas: a case report

Singh M

Med J Malaysia, 1985 Jun;40(2):139-41.

PMID: 3841732

A case of rare retinal lesion occurring in a young girl suffering from lepromatous leprosy is described. Fundus lesions in leprosy are extremely rare but do occur in some cases without causing any threat to vision. Their response to antileprotic treatment is not clearly known.

Fulltext "Miotic-induced retinal detachment": a case report

Singh M

Med J Malaysia, 1985 Jun;40(2):136-8.

PMID: 3834285

A rare case of pilocarpine-induced retinal detachment occurring in the only useful myopic eye of a young Chinese woman is described. Problems of treating raised intraocular pressure in high-risk cases of retinal detachment are discussed.

Fulltext Juvenile rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Malaysia

Singh M

Med J Malaysia, 1986 Jun;41(2):156-60.

PMID: 3821612

45 patients (50 eyes) were treated for juvenile rhegmatogenous retinal detachments between August 1979 and July 1984. A review of these cases revealed high myopia and trauma to be the main aetiological factors. Eight-six per cent detachments were successfully reattached. Visual acuity of 6/36 or better was present in 16% preoperatively and in 52% postoperatively, some of the characteristics of juvenile rhegmatogenous retinal detachments in Malaysian population are discussed.

Fulltext Bacteriology of healthy conjunctivae in Malaysians

Singh M, Lim VKE

Med J Malaysia, 1987 Mar;42(1):50-2.

PMID: 3431502

The eye harbours bacteria from the time of birth throughout life. Owing to its antibacterial properties, the normal conjunctival flora plays a significant role in the defence against superficial ocular infections. In view of its protective action as well as its probable role in causing ocular disease under certain circumstances, the study of the normal flora and its pattern of antibiotic susceptibility could provide useful information in the prevention and treatment of post-surgical infections. While several such surveys have been reported from various parts of the world, no data is available for the Malaysian population. This survey seeks to establish the pattern of bacterial flora in healthy conjunctivae of Malaysians. In addition, the bacterial flora of a nondiabetic population was compared to that of a diabetic population to see if there were any differences.

Fulltext Soil-transmitted helminthiasis among children in Pulau Ketam, West Malaysia

Kan SP, Singh M, Singh S

Med J Malaysia, 1987 Mar;42(1):40-3.

PMID: 3431501

Only 8.4% of 1,286 Chinese boys and girls from the ages of 5-12 years in Pulau Ketam were infected with soil-transmitted helminths. The majority of these children had single infections with Trichuris or Ascaris alone. Mixed infections made up less than 5% of all infected cases. The worm burdens of infected children were very low. There was no definite pattern of distribution of infection among children of different ages and no differences in the distribution of infection between boys and girls. The main factors for the low prevalence and intensity of infection were the absence of suitable soil for the development and survival of infective helminth stages and the lack of contact with contaminated soil on this island. These two factors acted as very effective barriers to the transmission of soiltransmitted helminths on Pulau Ketam.

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