Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 32 in total

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  1. Sandosham AA, Sivanandam S, Fong YL, Omar I
    Med J Malaya, 1966 Jun;20(4):340.
    PMID: 4224353
  2. Muslim A, Fong MY, Mahmud R, Lau YL, Sivanandam S
    Parasit Vectors, 2013;6:219.
    PMID: 23898840 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-219
    In 2011, we reported occurrence of natural human infections with Brugia pahangi, a filarial worm of dogs and cats, in a surburb of Kuala Lumpur, the capital city of Malaysia. Our preliminary entomological survey at that time suggested the mosquito species Armigeres subalbatus as the vector of the zoonotic infections. In this present report, we provide biological evidence to confirm our preliminary finding.
  3. Ramachandran CP, Sandosham AA, Sivanandam S
    Med J Malaya, 1966 Jun;20(4):333.
    PMID: 4224348
  4. Junaid OQ, Vythilingam I, Khaw LT, Sivanandam S, Mahmud R
    Parasitol Res, 2020 Apr;119(4):1301-1315.
    PMID: 32179986 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06632-4
    Malaria and lymphatic filariasis (LF) are two leading and common mosquito-borne parasitic diseases worldwide. These two diseases are co-endemic in many tropical and sub-tropical regions and are known to share vectors. The interactions between malaria and filarial parasites are poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed at establishing the interactions that occur between Brugia pahangi and Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) co-infection in gerbils. Briefly, the gerbils were matched according to age, sex, and weight and grouped into filarial-only infection, PbA-only infection, co-infection, and control group. The parasitemia, survival and clinical assessment of the gerbils were monitored for a period of 30 days post Plasmodium infection. The immune responses of gerbils to both mono and co-infection were monitored. Findings show that co-infected gerbils have higher survival rate than PbA-infected gerbils. Food and water consumption were significantly reduced in both PbA-infected and co-infected gerbils, although loss of body weight, hypothermia, and anemia were less severe in co-infected gerbils. Plasmodium-infected gerbils also suffered hypoglycemia, which was not observed in co-infected gerbils. Furthermore, gerbil cytokine responses to co-infection were significantly higher than PbA-only-infected gerbils, which is being suggested as a factor for their increased longevity. Co-infected gerbils had significantly elicited interleukin-4, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrotic factor at early stage of infection than PbA-infected gerbils. Findings from this study suggest that B. pahangi infection protect against severe anemia and hypoglycemia, which are manifestations of PbA infection.
  5. Sivanandam S, Mak JW, Lai PF
    PMID: 1145240
    R. sabanus and R. muelleri are very common in the lowland forests of Malaysia. In nature they are infected with Breinlia sp. and D. ramachandrani. In an attempt to determine whether they are also susceptible to subperiodic B. malayi and thereby being potential reservoirs of infection of the disease, 24 R. muelleri and 17 R. sabanus were experimentally infected with the parasite. Results show that although they can support the full development of the parasite, they are poor hosts. This confirms the observation that in Malaysia natural infection of Rattus spp. with the parasite has not been seen. These rats therefore are probably not important in the zoonotic transmission of subperiodic B. malayi in Malaysia.
  6. Pirehma M, Suresh K, Sivanandam S, Anuar AK, Ramakrishnan K, Kumar GS
    Parasitol Res, 1999 Oct;85(10):791-3.
    PMID: 10494803
    Acanthamoeba sp. is a free-living amoeba known to cause chronic central nervous system infection or eye infection in humans. Many cases remain undetected for want of a good detection system. We report for the first time a rapid staining method to facilitate the identification of Acanthamoeba sp. using the modified Field's staining technique. A. castellanii, which was used in the present experiment, is maintained in our laboratory in mycological peptone medium (Gibco). The cultures were pooled together and smears were made on glass slides for staining purposes. Different types of stains such as Field's stain, modified Field's stain, Wright's stain, Giemsa stain, Ziehl-Neelsen stain, and trichrome stain were used to determine the best stain for the identification of this amoeba. The concentration of various stains and the duration of staining were varied to provide the best color and contrast for each stain. Acanthamoeba was also obtained from the brain of experimentally infected mice and was stained with various stains as mentioned above to determine the best stain for use in identifying the presence of this parasite in experimentally infected animals. The modified Field's stain gives a very good color contrast as compared with other stains. Furthermore, it takes only 20 s to be carried out using the least number of reagents, making it suitable for both laboratory and field use.
  7. Mak JW, Rajagopal V, Cheon WH, Sivanandam S, Mahadevan S
    Med J Malaysia, 1976 Dec;31(2):153-157.
    PMID: 35008162
    No abstract available.
  8. Dondero TJ, Sivanandam S
    Med J Malaysia, 1973 Jun;27(4):306-9.
    PMID: 4270791
  9. Cheah WC, Cheong WH, Mahadevan S, Lai KP, Sivanandam S
    Med J Malaysia, 1977 Dec;32(2):103-10.
    PMID: 614475
  10. Mak JW, Cheong WH, Omar AH, Sivanandam S, Mahadevan S
    Med J Malaysia, 1977 Mar;31(3):198-203.
    PMID: 904512
  11. Ramachandran CP, Dondero TJ, Mullin SW, Sivanandam S, Stevens S
    Med J Malaya, 1971 Jun;25(4):273-7.
    PMID: 4261299
  12. Vinnie-Siow WY, Tan TK, Low VL, Teoh YB, Prakash BK, Sivanandam S, et al.
    Acta Parasitol, 2021 Nov 19.
    PMID: 34797497 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00490-5
    PURPOSE: Canine filariosis in domestic dogs caused by several species of filarids is an emerging vector-borne disease and the spread of this disease remains a global veterinary and public health concern. However, information regarding these filarids and their epidemiological patterns remains scarce in Malaysia. The present study aimed to determine the infection rate and associated risk factors of filarial parasites in dogs in Malaysia.

    METHODS: A total of 399 dog blood samples were collected from veterinary hospitals and animal shelters in Malaysia to determine the infection rate and associated risk factors via a combination of microscopic, serologic and molecular diagnostic techniques.

    RESULTS: Two species of canine filariae identified in this study were Dirofilaria immitis (6.5%) and Brugia pahangi (1.3%), and their infections were associated with cross breed, medium size and short hair (p 

  13. Afzan MY, Sivanandam S, Suresh K
    J Appl Microbiol, 2012 Jan;112(1):132-7.
    PMID: 22040369 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05185.x
    We previously reported that Modified Field Stain (MF) can be used as a rapid stain for diagnosis. In the present study we extend the observation to include the stain as an alternative method to assess viability of the cells.
  14. Afzan MY, Sivanandam S, Kumar GS
    Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2010 Oct;68(2):159-62.
    PMID: 20846588 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2010.06.005
    Trichomonas vaginalis, a flagellate protozoan parasite commonly found in the human genitourinary tract, is transmitted primarily by sexual intercourse. Diagnosis is usually by in vitro culture method and staining with Giemsa stain. There are laboratories that use Gram stain as well. We compared the use of modified Field's (MF), Giemsa, and Gram stains on 2 axenic and xenic isolates of T. vaginalis, respectively. Three smears from every sediment of spun cultures of all 4 isolates were stained, respectively, with each of the stains. We showed that MF staining, apart from being a rapid stain (20 s), confers sharper staining contrast, which differentiates the nucleus and the cytoplasm of the organism when compared to Giemsa and Gram staining especially on parasites from spiked urine samples. The alternative staining procedure offers in a diagnostic setting a rapid stain that can easily visualize the parasite with sharp contrasting characteristics between organelles especially the nucleus and cytoplasm. Vacuoles are more clearly visible in parasites stained with MF than when stained with Giemsa.
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