Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 89 in total

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  1. Liew SH, Razak MAA, Kassim MSA, Ahmad NA, Tan L
    BMC Public Health, 2023 Nov 06;23(1):2165.
    PMID: 37932717 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17019-2
    BACKGROUND: According to World Health Organization (WHO), the fourth leading cause of death among adolescents aged 15 -19 years is suicide. The National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2017 reported that suicidal attempts among school adolescents increased from 6.8%-6.9% as compared to NHMS 2012. Suicide attempts can cause significant negative impacts on health, social and economic status. Bullying is one of the factors for adolescent suicide attempts, and its relationship to suicidality in adolescents has been shown in numerous research.

    OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship between suicide attempts and bullying among school adolescents in Malaysia.

    METHODS: Data from the Malaysia NHMS 2017, a nationwide study that adopted a two-stage cluster sampling design, were analysed. The survey used a self-administered questionnaire in bilingual language adapted from GSHS developed by WHO. Participants were secondary school students aged 13 -17 in all states. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 28.

    RESULTS: A total of 27,497 school adolescents participated in the study. Results showed that 6.9% of school adolescents had attempted suicide. There was 16.2% of adolescents being bullied. Multiple logistic regression revealed that students who were bullied were more likely to have suicide attempts (aOR 4.827, 95% CI: 4.143, 5.624) P 

  2. Gilbert M, Mohamed M, Choong SS, Baqi A, Kumaran JV, Sani I, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2023 Sep 01;40(3):273-280.
    PMID: 37897158 DOI: 10.47665/tb.40.3.001
    Most of the public health importance coronaviruses, such as Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 are likely originated from bats and spread to humans through intermediate hosts; civet cats, dromedary camel and Malayan pangolin, respectively. SARS-CoV-2-like coronaviruses were detected in Thailand, which is neighbouring with Kelantan in East Coast Malaysia. To date, there is no report on the presence of public health concerns (SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV) coronaviruses in bats from Malaysia. This study was aimed to elucidate the presence of these coronaviruses in bat samples from East Coast, Malaysia. A total of hundred seventy oropharyngeal swab samples were collected from three states of East Coast Malaysia. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted based on partial 3' Untranslated region (3'UTR) or ORF10 gene and the products were sequenced. The sequences were compared with all coronavirus sequences from the National Center for Biotechnology Information-GenBank (NCBI-GenBank) using NCBI-Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (NCBI-BLAST) software. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to determine the genetic relationship among the detected coronaviruses with the reference coronaviruses from the NCBI-GenBank. Our results showed that SARSCoV-2-like viruses were present in 3% (5/170) of the bats from East Coast Malaysia that have 98-99% sequence identities and are genetically related to SARS-CoV-2 from humans. This finding indicates the presence of SARS-CoV-2-like viruses in bats from East Coast Malaysia that may become a public health concern in the future.
  3. Khaw WF, Chan YM, Nasaruddin NH, Alias N, Tan L, Ganapathy SS
    BMC Public Health, 2023 Jul 18;23(1):1383.
    PMID: 37464344 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16309-z
    BACKGROUND: In Malaysia, the previous mortality burden has been a significant concern, particularly due to the high prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) as the leading cause of death. Estimates of mortality are key indicators for monitoring population health and determining priorities in health policies and health planning. The aim of this study was to estimate the disease burden attributed to 113 major diseases and injuries in Malaysia in 2018 using years of life lost (YLL) method.

    METHODS: This study included all deaths that occurred in Malaysia in 2018. The YLL was derived by adding the number of deaths from 113 specific diseases and multiplying it by the remaining life expectancy for that age and sex group. Data on life expectancy and mortality were collected from the Department of Statistics Malaysia.

    RESULTS: In 2018, there were 3.5 million YLL in Malaysia. Group II (NCDs) caused 72.2% of total YLL. Ischaemic heart disease was the leading cause of premature mortality among Malaysians (17.7%), followed by lower respiratory infections (9.7%), road traffic injuries (8.7%), cerebrovascular disease (stroke) (8.0%), and diabetes mellitus (3.9%).

    CONCLUSIONS: NCDs are a significant health concern in Malaysia and are the primary contributor to the overall burden of disease. These results are important in guiding the national health systems on how to design and implement effective interventions for NCDs, as well as how to prioritise and allocate healthcare resources. Key strategies to consider include implementing health promotion campaigns, adopting integrated care models, and implementing policy and regulatory measures. These approaches aim to enhance health outcomes and the managements of NCDs in Malaysia.

  4. Foong B, Ho S, Tan L, Lee KT, Jegathesan T
    Malays Orthop J, 2023 Jul;17(2):43-48.
    PMID: 37583521 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2307.007
    INTRODUCTION: Shoulder injury related to vaccine administration (SIRVA) is a group of pathologies defined by pain and stiffness after intramuscular administration of vaccine to the upper arm and has been reported after COVID-19 vaccination. We aim to discuss its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively identified patients presenting with adhesive capsulitis within four weeks of administration of COVID-19 vaccine to the affected arm at our tertiary institution from March 2021 to December 2022.

    RESULT: Based on the above criteria, we identified seven cases of adhesive capsulitis, comprising one male and six female patients, with average age of 60 years. We present initial symptoms, signs and the duration from when the vaccine was administered. We have highlighted our treatment strategies as well as the clinical and functional outcomes reported by these patients after treatment. We have reported improvement in both Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and range of motion (ROM) in all our patients after non-surgical management which included physiotherapy and, in some cases, hydrodilatation.

    CONCLUSION: SIRVA related adhesive capsulitis is rare and under-reported with limited information in current literature. This study highlights that adhesive capsulitis is a potential complication arising from improper COVID-19 vaccine administration and reinforces traditional wisdom of administering vaccinations on the non-dominant arm. Conservative treatment strategies appear to be effective, particularly hydrodilatation combined with physiotherapy, and patients are expected to have a good return of function.

  5. Diyana Jamaluddin N, Ibrahim N, Yuziana Mohd Yusof N, Ta Goh C, Ling Tan L
    Opt Laser Technol, 2023 Jan;157:108763.
    PMID: 36212170 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.108763
    The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged as a major public health outbreak in late 2019 and was proclaimed a global pandemic in March 2020. A reflectometric-based RNA biosensor was developed by using cysteamine-stabilized gold nanoparticles (cysAuNPs) as the colorimetric probe for bioassay of COVID-19 RNA (SARS-CoV-2 RNA) sequence. The cysAuNPs aggregated in the presence of DNA probes via cationic and anionic electrostatic attraction between the positively charged cysteamine ligands and the negatively charged sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA, whilst in the presence of target RNAs, the specific recognition between DNA probes and targets depleted the electrostatic interaction between the DNA probes and cysAuNPs signal probe, leading to dispersed particles. This has rendered a remarkable shifting in the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) on the basis of visual color change of the RNA biosensor from red to purplish hue at the wavelength of 765 nm. Optical evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by means on reflectance transduction of the RNA biosensor based on cysAuNPs optical sensing probes demonstrated rapid response time of 30 min with high sensitivity, good linearity and high reproducibility across a COVID-19 RNA concentration range of 25 nM to 200 nM, and limit of detection (LOD) at 0.12 nM. qPCR amplification of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA showed good agreement with the proposed RNA biosensor by using spiked RNA samples of the oropharyngeal swab from COVID-19 patients. Therefore, this assay is useful for rapid and early diagnosis of COVID-19 disease including asymptomatic carriers with low viral load even in the presence of co-infection with other viruses that manifest similar respiratory symptoms.
  6. Tan LN, Gardener GJ, R Jeganathan JR, Naidu A, Hassan G, Ahmad Zainuddin R, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2023 Jan;78(1):68-73.
    PMID: 36715194
    INTRODUCTION: The authors aim to review the early outcomes of fetostopic laser ablation (FLA) to improve outcomes for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) in an emerging national centre in Malaysia.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of 17 monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies with severe TTTS treated by FLA over 15 months in a single centre by a single operator after performing simulations.

    RESULT: The overall survival rate at day 28 after birth for at least one twin was 76% while the dual-twin survival was 64%. The survival rates at day 28 after birth for at least one twin for stages II, III and IV were 90% vs 40% vs 100% (p=0.054) while dual survival rates were 80% vs 0% vs 100% (p=0.05), respectively. The rate of miscarriage was higher with anterior placentation compared to posterior placentation (33% vs 18%, p=0.660). There was one case of recurrent TTTS and no twin anaemia-polycythaemia sequence post-FLA. The fetal medicine unit in Ipoh is the national centre in Malaysia which covers the whole country, including the western coast of the Borneo Island (Sabah, Sarawak and Labuan) accessible only by air travel. All three cases from Borneo Island had resolved TTTS after FLA and dual neonatal survival at day 28 after birth.

    CONCLUSION: This data from an emerging new fetoscopic laser centre in Malaysia indicates results consistent with the published international learning curve and within the limits of good clinical governance.

  7. Ang CW, Tan L, Qu Z, West NP, Cooper MA, Popat A, et al.
    ACS Biomater Sci Eng, 2022 Oct 10;8(10):4196-4206.
    PMID: 34464089 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00807
    Pretomanid and MCC7433, a novel nitroimidazopyrazinone analog, are promising antitubercular agents that belong to the bicyclic nitroimidazole family. Despite possessing high cell permeability, they suffer from poor aqueous solubility and require specialized formulations in order to be orally bioavailable. To address this limitation, we investigated the use of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM-41) as drug carriers. MCM-41 nanoparticles were synthesized using a sol-gel method, and their surface was further modified with amine and phosphonate groups. A simple rotary evaporation method was used to incorporate the compounds of interest into the nanoparticles, leading to a high encapsulation efficiency of ≥86% with ∼10% loading (w/w). An overall significant improvement of solubility was also observed, and the pharmacological activity of pretomanid and MCC7433 was fully retained when tested in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis using these nanocarriers. Amino-functionalized MCM-41 nanoparticles were found to enhance the systemic exposure of MCC7433 in mice (1.3-fold higher Cmax) compared to MCC7433 alone. The current work highlights the potential of using nanoparticles such as mesoporous silica as a carrier for oral delivery of poorly soluble antibacterial agents against tuberculosis.
  8. Khaw WF, Nasaruddin NH, Alias N, Chan YM, Tan L, Cheong SM, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2022 Oct 04;12(1):16569.
    PMID: 36195767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20511-1
    This study aimed to investigate the association between socio-demographic factors and designated healthy lifestyle behaviours in a nationally-representative sample of Malaysian adults aged 18 years and above. Secondary data involving 7388 participants aged 18-96 years from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019, a national cross-sectional survey, was used in this study. A healthy lifestyle score (0-5 points) was calculated based on five modifiable lifestyle factors: non-smoker, body mass index 
  9. Cheung KW, Tan LN, Meher S, WHO Intrapartum Care Algorithms Working Group
    BJOG, 2022 Apr 12.
    PMID: 35415941 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16726
    AIM: To develop evidence-based clinical algorithms for management of common intrapartum urinary abnormalities.

    POPULATION: Women with singleton, term pregnancies in active labour and immediate postnatal period, at low risk of complications.

    SETTING: Healthcare facilities in low- and middle-income countries.

    SEARCH STRATEGY: A systematic search and review were conducted on the current guidelines from WHO, NICE, ACOG and RCOG. Additional search was done on PubMed and The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to May 2020.

    CASE SCENARIOS: Four common intrapartum urinary abnormalities were selected: proteinuria, ketonuria, glycosuria and oliguria. Using reagent strip testing, glycosuria was defined as ≥2+ on one occasion or of ≥1+ on two or more occasions. Proteinuria was defined as ≥2+ and presence of ketone indicated ketonuria. Oliguria was defined as hourly urine output ≤30 ml. Thorough initial assessment using history, physical examination and basic investigations helped differentiate most of the underlying causes, which include diabetes mellitus, dehydration, sepsis, pre-eclampsia, shock, anaemia, obstructed labour, underlying cardiac or renal problems. A clinical algorithm was developed for each urinary abnormality to facilitate intrapartum management and referral of complicated cases for specialised care.

    CONCLUSIONS: Four simple, user-friendly and evidence-based clinical algorithms were developed to enhance intrapartum care of commonly encountered maternal urine abnormalities. These algorithms may be used to support healthcare professionals in clinical decision-making when handling normal and potentially complicated labour, especially in low resource countries.

    TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Evidence-based clinical algorithms developed to guide intrapartum management of commonly encountered urinary abnormalities.

  10. Zhang Y, Yu J, Tan L, Wang X, Li R, Kim DY
    J Microbiol, 2021 Nov;59(11):1044-1055.
    PMID: 34570337 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-1361-8
    Getah virus (GETV), which was first isolated in Malaysia in 1955, and Sagiyama virus (SAGV), isolated in Japan in 1956, are members of the genus Alphavirus in the family Togaviridae. It is a consensus view that SAGV is a variant of GETV. In the present study, we determined the complete sequences of the prototype GETV MM2021 and SAGV M6-Mag132 genomic RNA extracted from plaque-purified viruses. The MM2021 genome was 11,692 nucleotides (nt) in length in the absence of 3' poly(A) tail, and the length of M6-Mag132 genome was 11,698 nt. Through sequence alignment of MM2021 and M6-Mag132, we located all the amino acid differences between these two strains, which were scattered in all the encoded proteins. Subsequently, we validated the close evolutionary relationship between GETV and SAGV by constructing phylogenetic trees based on either complete genomes or structural genomes. We eventually analyzed the growth kinetics of GETV and SAGV as well as other representative alphaviruses in various mammalian and insect cell lines. It was shown that human-oriented cell lines such as HEK-293T and Hela cells were relatively resistant to GETV and SAGV infection due to absence of proviral factors or species-specific barrier. On the other hand, both GETV and SAGV replicated efficiently in non-human cell lines. Our results provide essential genetic information for future epidemiological surveillance on Alphaviruses and lay the foundation for developing effective interventions against GETV and SAGV.
  11. Tan L, Lai SM, Geres N, Innes NPT, Radford JR, Revie G, et al.
    Community Dent Health, 2021 Jul 26.
    PMID: 34351712 DOI: 10.1922/CDH_00091Tan05
    BACKGROUND: The Wikipedia Collaboration of Dental Schools (WCODS) is a student-led initiative that aims to publish high quality scientific, evidence-based dental content on the Wikipedia online encyclopaedia by equipping its members to use research, critical appraisal and writing skills to create accurate content. In 2019, the Collaboration launched a standardised training programme developed by Wikimedia-trained committee members, academic dental school staff and the Cochrane Oral Health global community.

    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of this training programme in ensuring WCODS editors follow the processes underpinning Evidence-Based Dentistry (EBD).

    METHOD: A cohort of dental students and staff (n=136) from six dental schools in the UK and Malaysia took part in a standardised and structured training programme at the annual WCODS training meeting. Participants' abilities and their perceived levels of confidence in carrying out critical analysis of the literature were measured using pre- and post-training surveys, and competency assessments.

    RESULTS: Participants' skills in conducting literature searches, critical appraisal of the findings and creating and editing a Wikipedia page improved after training.

    CONCLUSION: The training programme provided participants with the skill set and confidence to apply best practice to create and edit Wikipedia entries. This Collaboration intends to recruit more contributors to improve global oral health literacy using the free online Wikipedia encyclopaedia.

  12. Cheong E, Tan L
    Malays Orthop J, 2021 Jul;15(2):159-162.
    PMID: 34429837 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2107.023
    Tibial tuberosity avulsion injuries are rare and result from direct trauma to the tibial tuberosity or forceful and repetitive contraction of the quadriceps muscles. In this case series, we describe a novel method of defunctioning the patella tendon using a suture anchor after a tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture repair was performed. We present three consecutive patients with tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures who were treated by the same surgeon using the technique described. Pre and post-operative range of motion of the knee joint were then reviewed retrospectively. All patients achieved pre-injury range of motion within three months post-operatively. In conclusion, defunctioning the patellar tendon with a suture anchor is a reliable and reproducible technique. The new technique yielded excellent functional outcomes which allowed patients to regain their pre-injury range of motion and the strength of the construct allows early range of motion.
  13. Tan LJ, Othman MS, Hiu J, Wong KT, Lai SK
    Malays J Pathol, 2021 Apr;43(1):81-85.
    PMID: 33903310
    BACKGROUND: Small bowel volvulus is defined as the torsion of the small intestine, potentially leading to bowel obstruction, gangrene and perforation. It is a rare condition, especially in adults.

    CASE PRESENTATION: A 30-year-old man was retrieved from the jungle with severe weight loss and abdominal symptoms. He succumbed to death despite 22 days of intensive medical treatment. An autopsy revealed a ruptured gangrenous ileal volvulus with peritonitis and subdiaphragmatic abscess. Further laboratory analysis detected systemic Candida tropicalis and intestinal gramnegative bacterial sepsis, systemic Zika virus viremia, leptospirosis complicating rhabdomyolysis and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, Type I Herpes Simplex virus infection of the tongue and upper gastrointestinal tract. The cause of death was the ruptured ileal volvulus, complicated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to Herpes simplex virus esophagitis in a malnourished patient with resolving leptospirosis and underlying Zika virus co-infection.

    CONCLUSION: Rare clinical scenarios of adult-onset intestinal volvulus with concomitant multiple infections precludes clinical diagnosis and early treatment, leading to devastating consequences of clinical outcome. The positive clinical and postmortem correlation is a good learning lesson in many disciplines of medicine and science.

  14. Fong SL, Lim KS, Tan L, Zainuddin NH, Ho JH, Chia ZJ, et al.
    Epilepsy Res, 2021 02;170:106551.
    PMID: 33440303 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106551
    INTRODUCTION: The lifetime prevalence of epilepsy varies greatly from 1.5-14.0 per 1000 persons among the Asian countries. We aim to study the prevalence of epilepsy in Malaysia to have a better insight into the burden of disease in the country.

    METHODS: A population-based door-to-door survey was carried out throughout the country, using questionnaire for brief screening in ascertainment of epilepsy, using a questionnaire and its validated multilingual versions. Respondents who were screened positive underwent second-stage diagnostic phone interview by neurologists/ research assistants.

    RESULTS: A total 16, 686 respondents participated in the survey and 646 (3.8 %) respondents were screened positive during the first stage interview. A total of 185 consented for second stage diagnostic interview and 118 (63.8 %) respondents were contacted successfully for the second stage diagnostic phone interview, of which 17 (14.4 %) respondents were diagnosed to have epilepsy. An additional 68 (57.6 %) respondents had febrile seizures only. After applying a weighting factor to each respondent to adjust for non-response and for the varying probabilities of selection, the adjusted lifetime epilepsy prevalence was 7.8 in 1000 population, and the adjusted prevalence for active epilepsy was 4.2 in 1000 population in Malaysia.

    CONCLUSION: The prevalence of lifetime epilepsy in Malaysia is 7.8 per 1000 persons.

  15. Tan LP, Megat Abd Rani PA, Sharma RSK, Syed Hussain SS, Watanabe M
    Trop Biomed, 2020 Sep 01;37(3):756-762.
    PMID: 33612788 DOI: 10.47665/tb.37.3.756
    Tritrichomonas foetus is known to cause chronic diarrhea in the feline species in many different regions of the world. However, there is a paucity of information on T. foetus among cats in Malaysia. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Tritrichomonas foetus in the pet and stray cat population in Klang Valley, Malaysia. A total of 201 pet and stray cats' fecal samples were collected in Klang Valley. 24 samples were cultured in the InPouch® TF Feline to observe for motile trophozoites. A nested PCR protocol was used to screen for T. foetus in the collected samples. The prevalence of T. foetus in the cat population in Klang Valley was 33%. There was no association between Tritrichomonas infection and age, sex, breed or management of the cats. However, statistical analysis revealed that stray cats were more likely to be infected with T. foetus compared to pet cats. This study confirmed for the first time the presence of T. foetus among the cat population in Klang Valley, Malaysia.
  16. Tan LP, Megat Abd Rani PA, Sharma RSK, Syed Hussain SS, Watanabe M
    Trop Biomed, 2020 Sep 01;37(3):542-550.
    PMID: 33612769 DOI: 10.47665/tb.37.3.542
    Toxoplasma gondii, a zoonotic protozoan that has a worldwide distribution, is known to infect many warm-blooded vertebrates. The feline species including domestic cats are the definitive hosts for Toxoplama gondii and shed the infective oocyst. There is lack of information on the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cats in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to determine both the seroprevalence of T. gondii and the prevalence of T. gondii DNA in cats' feces in Klang Valley, Malaysia. 198 blood and 201 fecal samples were collected from pet and stray cats from the local council, Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur (DBKL) and University Veterinary Hospital, Universiti Putra Malaysia respectively. The overall seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cats in the Klang Valley was found to be 5.5%. There was a high prevalence (10.5%) of T. gondii DNA detected in the cat fecal samples in both pet and stray cats suggestive of T. gondii oocyst shedding. Stray cats showed a higher seroprevalence and molecular prevalence of T. gondii than the pet cats. However, comparative analysis using Chi-square test showed no significant difference between both groups (P>0.05). Higher prevalence (10.5%) of cats shedding T. gondii DNA as compared to the seroprevalence (5.5%) was found in the cat population in the Klang Valley. The high prevalence of cats shedding T. gondii DNA is alarming as this may directly reflect the number of oocysts excreted into the environment posing a significant public health hazard.
  17. Tan L, Tan YS, Tan S
    Clin Imaging, 2020 Sep;65:133-137.
    PMID: 32470834 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.04.029
    BACKGROUND: Thyroid Imaging Reporting Data System (TI-RADS) is used to characterize thyroid nodules while reducing unnecessary FNAC. Over the years, several versions of TI-RADS have been developed but there is no consensus on which TI-RADS is the best system. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy and ability of ACR TI-RADS, EU TI-RADS, K TI-RADS, AI TI-RADS to eliminate unnecessary FNAC.

    METHODS: In this prospective study, thyroid nodules were characterized by using the four TI-RADS systems and US-guided FNAC was done for nodule with the highest ACR TI-RADS score. Correlation between TI-RADS and FNAC results were analyzed.

    RESULTS: Out of 244 thyroid nodules, 100 nodules with either size <1 cm (43 nodules) non-diagnostic or inconclusive FNAC results (57 nodules) were excluded. Seven nodules (4.9%) were confirmed to be malignant on FNAC. K TI-RADS showed 100% sensitivity and NPV but the lowest specificity (40.2%). EU TI-RADS had the highest specificity (83.2%) but the lowest sensitivity (57.1%) and NPV (97.4%). ACR TI-RADS had an average sensitivity (85.7%) and NPV (98.6%). The specificity of ACR TI-RADS (51.1%) was lower than EU TI-RADS but higher than K TI-RADS. AI TI-RADS showed higher specificity (61.8% vs 51.1%, p 

  18. Xia NB, Lu Y, Zhao PF, Wang CF, Li YY, Tan L, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2020 Jun 01;37(2):489-498.
    PMID: 33612818
    Toxoplasma gondii, a ubiquitous pathogen that infects nearly all warm-blooded animals and humans, can cause severe complications to the infected people and animals as well as serious economic losses and social problems. Here, one local strain (TgPIG-WH1) was isolated from an aborted pig fetus, and the genotype of this strain was identified as ToxoDB #3 by the PCR RFLP typing method using 10 molecular markers (SAG1, SAG2, alternative SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, L358, PK1, C22-8, C29-2 and Apico). A comparison of the virulence of this isolate with other strains in both mice and piglets showed that TgPIG-WH1 was less virulent than type 1 strain RH and type 2 strain ME49 in mice, and caused similar symptoms to those of ME49 such as fever in piglets. Additionally, in piglet infection with both strains, the TgPIG-WH1 caused a higher IgG response and more severe pathological damages than ME49. Furthermore, TgPIG-WH1 caused one death in the 5 infected piglets, whereas ME49 did not, suggesting the higher virulence of TgPIG-WH1 than ME49 during piglet infection. Experimental infections indicate that the virulence of TgPIG-WH1 relative to ME49 is weaker in mice, but higher in pigs. This is probably the first report regarding a ToxoDB #3 strain from pigs in Hubei, China. These data will facilitate the understanding of genetic diversity of Toxoplasma strains in China as well as the prevention and control of porcine toxoplasmosis in the local region.
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