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  1. Khor CC, Do T, Jia H, Nakano M, George R, Abu-Amero K, et al.
    Nat Genet, 2016 May;48(5):556-62.
    PMID: 27064256 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3540
    Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is a major cause of blindness worldwide. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) followed by replication in a combined total of 10,503 PACG cases and 29,567 controls drawn from 24 countries across Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. We observed significant evidence of disease association at five new genetic loci upon meta-analysis of all patient collections. These loci are at EPDR1 rs3816415 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, P = 5.94 × 10(-15)), CHAT rs1258267 (OR = 1.22, P = 2.85 × 10(-16)), GLIS3 rs736893 (OR = 1.18, P = 1.43 × 10(-14)), FERMT2 rs7494379 (OR = 1.14, P = 3.43 × 10(-11)), and DPM2-FAM102A rs3739821 (OR = 1.15, P = 8.32 × 10(-12)). We also confirmed significant association at three previously described loci (P < 5 × 10(-8) for each sentinel SNP at PLEKHA7, COL11A1, and PCMTD1-ST18), providing new insights into the biology of PACG.
  2. Vijayan S, Kulkarni MS, Jain CP, Shetty S, Aroor MN, Rao SK
    Malays Orthop J, 2022 Nov;16(3):104-112.
    PMID: 36589364 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2211.016
    INTRODUCTION: The acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) is a major link connecting the upper limb to the torso. The acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments help in stabilising the joint. We feel it is prudent to address both these ligament injuries, to achieve optimum result. This study was undertaken to analyse the results of a simple frugal surgical technique we used to deal with this injury considering stabilisation for both these ligaments.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, skeletally mature patients with Type III, IV or V ACJ dislocations who underwent open reduction and stabilisation of the joint with temporary K-wires, repair of the capsule and augmentation of CC ligaments with suture anchors were included. Clinico-radiological and functional outcome was evaluated. Functional assessment of the upper limb was analysed using the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Score (DASH), Constant shoulder score (CSS) and Oxford shoulder score (OSS).

    RESULTS: Clinical and radiological evaluation of the 32 patients who had completed two years from the index surgery, was done. Out of the 37 patients included initially, five were lost in follow-up. Majority of the subjects included were males and type V was the most common injury. Mean pre-operative CC distance on the affected side was 13.92±4.94mm. In the immediate post-operative radiograph, it was 7.63±2.08mm and in the final follow- up was 9.36±2.75mm. Measurements were taken by two independent investigators and inter, and intra-observer reliability were analysed by Interclass correlation coefficient. Excellent functional outcome was noted despite the 1.81±1.50mm average loss of correction. At final follow-up, mean DASH score was 4.67±4.18, Oxford shoulder score was 44.06±2.44 and Constant shoulder score was 86.37±5.81. The severity of the injury had no significant effect on the functional outcome post our method of stabilisation and rehabilitation.

    CONCLUSION: Bifocal fixation restores the multidirectional stability of the disrupted ACJ. Adequate radiological reduction, good functional outcome and simplicity of execution make this technique an undemanding one for use in regular practice.

  3. Li Z, Allingham RR, Nakano M, Jia L, Chen Y, Ikeda Y, et al.
    Hum Mol Genet, 2015 Jul 01;24(13):3880-92.
    PMID: 25861811 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv128
    Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), a major cause of blindness worldwide, is a complex disease with a significant genetic contribution. We performed Exome Array (Illumina) analysis on 3504 POAG cases and 9746 controls with replication of the most significant findings in 9173 POAG cases and 26 780 controls across 18 collections of Asian, African and European descent. Apart from confirming strong evidence of association at CDKN2B-AS1 (rs2157719 [G], odds ratio [OR] = 0.71, P = 2.81 × 10(-33)), we observed one SNP showing significant association to POAG (CDC7-TGFBR3 rs1192415, ORG-allele = 1.13, Pmeta = 1.60 × 10(-8)). This particular SNP has previously been shown to be strongly associated with optic disc area and vertical cup-to-disc ratio, which are regarded as glaucoma-related quantitative traits. Our study now extends this by directly implicating it in POAG disease pathogenesis.
  4. Johnson P, Loganathan C, Krishnan V, Sakayanathan P, Raji V, Vijayan S, et al.
    Environ Technol, 2018 Jun;39(11):1376-1383.
    PMID: 28488473 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1329355
    The aqueous extract of various plants like Coriandrum sativum (AECS), Alternanthera tenella colla (AEAT), Spermacoce hispida (AESH) and Mollugo verticillata (AEMV) was studied for its hexavalent chromium (CrVI) reduction property. Even though antioxidant activity was present, AEAT, AESH and AEMV did not reduce CrVI. AECS showed rapid and dose-dependent CrVI reduction. The efficient reduction of 50 mg/L of CrVI using AECS was attained in the presence of 250 µg/mL of starting plant material, incubating the reaction mixture at pH 2, 30°C and agitation at 190 rpm. Under such conditions, about 40 mg/L of CrVI was reduced at 3 h of incubation. FT-IR analysis revealed the involvement of phenols, alcohols, alpha-hydroxy acid and flavonoids present in the AECS for the CrVI reduction. These results indicate that not all the plant extracts with rich antioxidants are capable of reducing CrVI. Using the conditions standardized in the present study, AECS reduced about 80% of CrVI present in the tannery effluent. These results signify the application of AECS as an eco-friendly method in the wastewater treatment.
  5. Vijayan S, Mohammed AP, Kulkarni MS, Rao SK
    BMJ Case Rep, 2021 Jan 28;14(1).
    PMID: 33509874 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-238366
    Synovial sarcomas are deep-seated, genetically distinct, malignant neoplasms seen in young adults, with a male preponderance. They have unusual clinical and pathological presentation and mimic many other sarcomas and carcinomas, making the diagnosis quite challenging. Although four variants are identified, occurrence in the hand is extremely rare and leads to significant morbidity. There is a high incidence of local recurrence and distant metastasis within the first 2 years. We report the case of an elderly woman with monophasic spindle cell synovial sarcoma who presented with painless swelling in her palm and underwent local excision of the neoplasm. At 2-year follow-up, she remains totally asymptomatic with normal function of the hand. We also attempt to give an overview about monophasic spindle cell synovial sarcoma with the differentials, which would help surgeons in prompt diagnosis and appropriate management.
  6. Johnson P, Krishnan V, Loganathan C, Govindhan K, Raji V, Sakayanathan P, et al.
    Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol, 2018 Nov;46(7):1488-1494.
    PMID: 28885044 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1374283
    Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized using Bauhinia variegata flower extract (BVFE). The BVF-AgNPs was found to be spherical shaped with the size of 5-15 nm. The phytoconstituents analysis and FTIR spectrum indicated that bioactive compounds like, phenols, flavonoids, benzophenones, nitro compounds, aromatics and aliphatic amines from BVFE might absorb on the surface of BVF-AgNPs. The synthesized BVF-AgNPs showed potent antioxidant property and α-amylase enzyme activity inhibition. The IC50 value of BVF-AgNPs was found to be 4.64 and 16.6 µg/ml for DPPH and ferric reducing power assay, respectively. The IC50 value of BVF-AgNPs for α-amylase inhibition was found to be 38 µg/ml. The Ki value of BVF-AgNPs for α-amylase inhibitory effect was found to be 21 µg/ml with the non-competitive mode of inhibition. These results suggest that BVF-AgNPs might be an effective nano-drug to treat diabetic conditions.
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