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  1. Hermawan A, Amrillah T, Riapanitra A, Ong WJ, Yin S
    Adv Healthc Mater, 2021 10;10(20):e2100970.
    PMID: 34318999 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100970
    A fully integrated, flexible, and functional sensing device for exhaled breath analysis drastically transforms conventional medical diagnosis to non-invasive, low-cost, real-time, and personalized health care. 2D materials based on MXenes offer multiple advantages for accurately detecting various breath biomarkers compared to conventional semiconducting oxides. High surface sensitivity, large surface-to-weight ratio, room temperature detection, and easy-to-assemble structures are vital parameters for such sensing devices in which MXenes have demonstrated all these properties both experimentally and theoretically. So far, MXenes-based flexible sensor is successfully fabricated at a lab-scale and is predicted to be translated into clinical practice within the next few years. This review presents a potential application of MXenes as emerging materials for flexible and wearable sensor devices. The biomarkers from exhaled breath are described first, with emphasis on metabolic processes and diseases indicated by abnormal biomarkers. Then, biomarkers sensing performances provided by MXenes families and the enhancement strategies are discussed. The method of fabrications toward MXenes integration into various flexible substrates is summarized. Finally, the fundamental challenges and prospects, including portable integration with Internet-of-Thing (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), are addressed to realize marketization.
  2. Sze-Yin, S., Lai-Hoong, C.
    MyJurnal
    The objective of this work was to study the effects of trehalose and maltodextrin on Chinese
    steamed bread (CSB) prepared from frozen dough. Trehalose (0.1 and 0.2% w/w) and
    maltodextrin (1 and 2% w/w) were added and CSB prepared from the fresh dough and the
    frozen dough was characterized in terms of spread ratio, specific volume, staling index and
    stress relaxation properties. Upon frozen storage, spread ratio and specific volume of CSB,
    and elasticity of the bread crumb were reduced. The extend of deterioration was significantly
    reduced with the addition of 0.1% trehalose and 2% maltodextrin. Excessive addition of
    trehalose and maltodextrin was found to cause detrimental effects to CSB quality.
  3. Wang Y, Zhao S, Wei Y, Li K, Jiang X, Li C, et al.
    Infect Dis Model, 2023 Sep;8(3):645-655.
    PMID: 37440763 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2023.05.008
    The potential for dengue fever epidemic due to climate change remains uncertain in tropical areas. This study aims to assess the impact of climate change on dengue fever transmission in four South and Southeast Asian settings. We collected weekly data of dengue fever incidence, daily mean temperature and rainfall from 2012 to 2020 in Singapore, Colombo, Selangor, and Chiang Mai. Projections for temperature and rainfall were drawn for three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585) scenarios. Using a disease transmission model, we projected the dengue fever epidemics until 2090s and determined the changes in annual peak incidence, peak time, epidemic size, and outbreak duration. A total of 684,639 dengue fever cases were reported in the four locations between 2012 and 2020. The projected change in dengue fever transmission would be most significant under the SSP585 scenario. In comparison to the 2030s, the peak incidence would rise by 1.29 times in Singapore, 2.25 times in Colombo, 1.36 times in Selangor, and >10 times in Chiang Mai in the 2090s under SSP585. Additionally, the peak time was projected to be earlier in Singapore, Colombo, and Selangor, but be later in Chiang Mai under the SSP585 scenario. Even in a milder emission scenario of SSP126, the epidemic size was projected to increase by 5.94%, 10.81%, 12.95%, and 69.60% from the 2030s-2090s in Singapore, Colombo, Selangor, and Chiang Mai, respectively. The outbreak durations in the four settings were projected to be prolonged over this century under SSP126 and SSP245, while a slight decrease is expected in 2090s under SSP585. The results indicate that climate change is expected to increase the risk of dengue fever transmission in tropical areas of South and Southeast Asia. Limiting greenhouse gas emissions could be crucial in reducing the transmission of dengue fever in the future.
  4. Wen D, Cheng Z, Li J, Zheng X, Yao W, Dong X, et al.
    J Neurosci Methods, 2021 Nov 01;363:109353.
    PMID: 34492241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109353
    BACKGROUND: The application of deep learning models to electroencephalogram (EEG) signal classification has recently become a popular research topic. Several deep learning models have been proposed to classify EEG signals in patients with various neurological diseases. However, no effective deep learning model for event-related potential (ERP) signal classification is yet available for amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

    METHOD: This study proposed a single-scale multi-input convolutional neural network (SSMICNN) method to classify ERP signals between aMCI patients with T2DM and the control group. Firstly, the 18-electrode ERP signal on alpha, beta, and theta frequency bands was extracted by using the fast Fourier transform, and then the mean, sum of squares, and absolute value feature of each frequency band were calculated. Finally, these three features are converted into multispectral images respectively and used as the input of the SSMICNN network to realize the classification task.

    RESULTS: The results show that the SSMICNN can fuse MSI formed by different features, SSMICNN enriches the feature quantity of the neural network input layer and has excellent robustness, and the errors of SSMICNN can be simultaneously transmitted to the three convolution channels in the back-propagation phase. Comparison with Existing Method(s): SSMICNN could more effectively identify ERP signals from aMCI with T2DM from the control group compared to existing classification methods, including convolution neural network, support vector machine, and logistic regression.

    CONCLUSIONS: The combination of SSMICNN and MSI can be used as an effective biological marker to distinguish aMCI patients with T2DM from the control group.

  5. Yi X, Yin S, Huang L, Li H, Wang Y, Wang Q, et al.
    Sci Total Environ, 2021 Jun 01;771:144644.
    PMID: 33736175 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144644
    Chlorine radical plays an important role in the formation of ozone and secondary aerosols in the troposphere. It is hence important to develop comprehensive emissions inventory of chlorine precursors in order to enhance our understanding of the role of chlorine chemistry in ozone and secondary pollution issues. Based on a bottom-up methodology, this study presents a comprehensive emission inventory for major atomic chlorine precursors in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region of China for the year 2017. Four primary chlorine precursors are considered in this study: hydrogen chloride (HCl), fine particulate chloride (Cl-) (Cl- in PM2.5), chlorine gas (Cl2), and hypochlorous acid (HClO) with emissions estimated for twelve source categories. The total emissions of these four species in the YRD region are estimated to be 20,424 t, 15,719 t, 1556 and 9331 t, respectively. The emissions of HCl are substantial, with major emissions from biomass burning and coal combustion, together accounting for 68% of the total HCl emissions. Fine particulate Cl- is mainly emitted from industrial processing, biomass burning and waste incineration. The emissions of Cl2 and HClO are mainly associated with usage of chlorine-containing disinfectants, for example, water treatment, wastewater treatment, and swimming pools. Emissions of each chlorine precursor are spatially allocated based on the characteristics of individual source category. This study provides important basic dataset for further studies with respect to the effects of chlorine chemistry on the formation of air pollution complex in the YRD region.
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