METHODS: Stool samples were collected prospectively from symptomatic adults who had elective colonoscopy from September 2014 to January 2016 and were analyzed with the ScheBo M2-PK Quick test and laboratory detection of fecal hemoglobin.

RESULTS: The results were correlated to the colonoscopy findings and/or histopathology report. Eighty-five subjects (age of 56.8 ± 15.3 years [mean ± standard deviation]) were recruited with a total of 17 colorectal cancer (20.0%) and 10 colorectal adenoma patients (11.8%). The sensitivity of M2-PK test in colorectal cancer detection was higher than gFOBT (100% vs. 64.7%). M2-PK test had a lower specificity when compared to gFOBT (72.5% vs. 88.2%) in colorectal cancer detection. The positive and negative predictive values were 47.2% and 100% for M2-PK test and 57.9% and 90.9% for gFOBT.

Materials and Methods: Content and face validity of the KAP-ARP were determined by four experts and 20 respondents, respectively. A questionnaire with 36 items, consisting of 16 Knowledge, 9 Attitude, and 11 Perception items, was distributed to 177 respondents. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed for construct validity. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire.

Results: EFA constructed 13 Knowledge, 8 Attitude, and 8 Perception items. The final KAP-ARP questionnaire is reliable based on its internal consistency reliability (Knowledge: α = 0.78; Attitude: α = 0.63; Perception: α = 0.70).

Materials and Methods: The questionnaire was first translated into the Malay language (RDAS-M). In this cross-sectional study, healthy married Malay women in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, were recruited from January to April 2018. Participants were asked to complete the RDAS-M that consists of three domains, that is, dyadic consensus, dyadic satisfaction, and dyadic cohesion with a total of 14 items. The concept, content, and construct validity using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and reliability of the RDAS-M were assessed.

Results: Of the 164 recruited participants, 150 consented to participate. The mean age of the participants was 34.1 years (standard deviation [SD], 9.5 years), ranging from 20 to 57 years. All 14 items were considered comprehensible by more than 95% of the subjects. Based on EFA, total variance extracted was 69.08%, and the original three factors were retained. The Malay version of the RDAS was valid based on factor loadings for dyadic consensus, dyadic satisfaction, and dyadic cohesion, which ranged from 0.64 to 0.80, 0.79 to 0.98, and 0.37 to 0.78, respectively. The internal consistency was good with coefficient α of 0.87 for dyadic consensus, 0.93 for dyadic satisfaction, and 0.78 for dyadic cohesion.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved patients who were diagnosed with rectal cancer and had undergone sphincter-preserving low anterior resection from January 2011 to December 2020. Upon clinic follow-up, patients were asked to complete an interviewed based questionnaire (LARS score) designed to assess bowel dysfunction after rectal cancer surgery.

RESULTS: Out of 76 patients, 25 patients (32.9%) had major LARS, 10 patients (13.2%) had minor LARS, and 41 patients (53.9%) had no LARS. The height of tumor from anal verge showed an association with the development of major LARS (P=0.039). Those patients with less than 8 cm tumor from anal verge had an increased risk of LARS by 3 times compared to those with 8 cm and above (adjusted odds ratio, 3.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-9.13).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This scoping review selected studies published from January 2002 to November 2022. The articles were searched through PubMed Central, BMJ Journal, Science Direct, and Scopus using "motor control", "ankle sprain" and "strengthening exercise" as the keywords. After finding the articles, the information extracted included author, year of publication, country, objective, type of study, and motor control analysis summary. The literature search strategy used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and a meta-analysis (PRISMA) where studies that are related to strengthening exercise and motor control were selected.

RESULTS: From the initial search, 50 articles were found. After processing, only ten articles were further reviewed. The findings demonstrated strengthening exercises provide changes in neurophysiological parameters with motor performance, improved motor control, strength, balance, pain, and functional movement in footballers with sprained ankles.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine the frequencies of SNPs rs1042114, rs702764, rs1997794, rs1022563 and rs910080 in the Malaysian population and to study their association with opioid dependence in Malaysian Malays.

METHODS: A total of 459 Malay male with opioid dependence and 543 healthy male (controls) subjects were included in this study. SNPs were genotyped using the TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. Statistical analysis was performed using Golden Helix SVS software suite to identify the distribution of allele and genotype frequencies, and SNP-SNP interactions were also analysed in this study.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: SNP rs1042114 in the OPRD1 gene is strongly associated with opiate addiction (P=.0001). In individuals homozygous for this risk allele, the likelihood of opiate addiction is increased by a factor 1.62 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.412-1.875). Polymorphic alleles at SNP rs702764 of OPRK1 were not associated with opioid dependence. A significant association between opioid dependence and SNP rs910080 of PDYN (P=.0217) was detected, but there was no association for SNPs rs199774 and rs1022563. A significant interaction was also identified between homozygous wild-type genotype TT of rs702764 with the risk genotypes TG/GG of rs1042114 (odds ratio (OR)=2.111 (95% CI 1.227-3.631), P=.0069) and with the risk genotypes GA/AA of rs910080 (OR=1.415 (95% CI 1.04-1.912), P=.0239).

METHODS: We conducted an anonymized online survey in June 2021 on all programme graduates. Participants were asked for sociodemographic data, both current and during training. Likert scale responses were required for questions regarding adequacy of support received for family, health and personal issues during training. A free text response question soliciting suggestions for programme improvement was included. Data are reported as median (range). Chi-square/Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney U tests for continuous variables were used, with p<0.05 significance.

RESULTS: Of 53 eligible participants, 52 (98%) responded, 24 (46%) were female. Marital status was similar between genders at entry, but female trainees were more likely to be unmarried on exit (p = 0.001), and less likely to have children while training (p = 0.017). Of the 6 female and 18 male trainees who had children while training, women were more likely to take parental leave (p = 0.01). The majority felt advice given regarding parental leave and managing training while having children were poor. In thematic analysis of free text answers, lack of hands-on experience was the most common concern.

CONCLUSION: Factors related to marriage and parenthood significantly associate with gender amongst trainees in Malaysia despite both genders being well represented. Concerns regarding adequacy of hands-on training highlight the need for educational innovations such as simulation models.

METHODS: Retrospectively, we reviewed children who underwent liver resection for liver tumors from 2010 to 2019. Demographic data, operative details, types of complications, interventions and outcomes were studied.

RESULTS: Eighty-six out of 108 liver resections were included in this study. The median age of patients was 1.8 years old, and 55% were male. The majority (95%) were malignant tumors, of which 87% were hepatoblastoma (n=71). The most common procedure performed was extended right hepatectomy (37%, n=32). Twelve (14%) patients had primary biliary complications: nine bile leakages and three biliary obstructions. Six cases of bile leakage were treated non-operatively with drainage only; however, one developed bilothorax. Three bile leakages underwent early operative intervention. Four patients underwent biliary reconstruction. Biliary complications were not significantly associated with age, sex, ethnicity or pathology of the tumor. Ten of them (83%) developed following extended hepatectomies (five right, five left), in which the left side had a higher rate of complications (63% vs 16%). None of the central hepatectomies had biliary complications. Biliary complication rates were significantly higher among those who had segmentectomy 1 (p=0.023).

METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records was performed among patients with acute or perforated appendicitis who underwent LA between December 2015 and January 2017. With the use of multivariable logistic regression analyses, the predictors of conversion from laparoscopic to OA were investigated.

RESULTS: Out of 120 patients, 33 cases were converted to OA which gives a conversion rate of 27.5%. Among 33 patients who were converted to OA, 27 patients (81.8%) had perforated appendix, while in the LA group, perforated appendix cases consisted of 34.5% (P<0.001). Histopathology of the appendix was the predictor of conversion from LA to OA (adjusted odds ratio, 8.82; 95% confidence interval, 3.13-24.91; P<0.001).