AIM OF THE STUDY: To explore the effect of YSTLF on DKD and figure out whether its effects were due to the regulation Sirt6/TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway and promoting degradation of TGF-β1.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The extract of YSTLF at 1, 2.5 and 5 g/kg was orally administered to C57BLKS/J (db/db) mice for 8 weeks and db/db mice were given valsartan as a positive control. The littermate db/m and db/db mice were given vehicle as the control and model group, respectively. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were detected and the urinary albumin excretion, urea albumin creatinine ratio was calculated. The histopathological change of renal tissues in each group was determined. Simultaneously, the levels of fibrosis-related proteins and messenger RNA (mRNA) in kidney and high glucose (HG)-induced SV40-MES-13 cells were detected. The roles of YSTLF in regulating of Sirt6/TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway were investigated in HG-stimulated SV40-MES-13 cells and validated in db/db mice. Furthermore, the effect of YSTLF on TGF-β1 degradation was investigated in HG-stimulated SV40-MES-13 cells.
RESULTS: YSTLF significantly improved the renal function in DKD mice. YSTLF dose-dependently attenuated pathological changes and suppressed the expression of type I collagen, alpha smooth muscle actin, type IV collagen, and fibronectin in vitro and in vivo, resulting in ameliorating of renal fibrosis. YSTLF positively regulated Sirt6 expression, while inhibited the activating of TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. TGF-β1 was steady expressed in HG-stimulated SV40-MES-13 cells, whereas was continuously degraded under YSTLF treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: YSTLF significantly ameliorates renal damages and fibrosis may via regulating Sirt6/TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway as well as promoting the degradation of TGF-β1.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The prevalence of diabetes, defined as self-reported or fasting glycemia ≥7 mmol/L, was documented in 119,666 adults from three high-income (HIC), seven upper-middle-income (UMIC), four lower-middle-income (LMIC), and four low-income (LIC) countries. Relationships between diabetes and its risk factors within these country groupings were assessed using multivariable analyses.
RESULTS: Age- and sex-adjusted diabetes prevalences were highest in the poorer countries and lowest in the wealthiest countries (LIC 12.3%, UMIC 11.1%, LMIC 8.7%, and HIC 6.6%; P < 0.0001). In the overall population, diabetes risk was higher with a 5-year increase in age (odds ratio 1.29 [95% CI 1.28-1.31]), male sex (1.19 [1.13-1.25]), urban residency (1.24 [1.11-1.38]), low versus high education level (1.10 [1.02-1.19]), low versus high physical activity (1.28 [1.20-1.38]), family history of diabetes (3.15 [3.00-3.31]), higher waist-to-hip ratio (highest vs. lowest quartile; 3.63 [3.33-3.96]), and BMI (≥35 vs. <25 kg/m(2); 2.76 [2.52-3.03]). The relationship between diabetes prevalence and both BMI and family history of diabetes differed in higher- versus lower-income country groups (P for interaction < 0.0001). After adjustment for all risk factors and ethnicity, diabetes prevalences continued to show a gradient (LIC 14.0%, LMIC 10.1%, UMIC 10.9%, and HIC 5.6%).
CONCLUSIONS: Conventional risk factors do not fully account for the higher prevalence of diabetes in LIC countries. These findings suggest that other factors are responsible for the higher prevalence of diabetes in LIC countries.
METHODS: In the multi-centre controlled attenuation parameter (CAP)-Asia study, we collected clinical data and lifestyle habit data of NAFLD patients from Singapore, mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Malaysia. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.
RESULTS: A total of 555 patients were included in the final analysis (mean age 54.5 ± 11.2 years, 54.1% men and median liver stiffness 6.7 kPa). More patients from mainland China (27.4%) and Taipei (25.0%) were smokers. Modest drinking was more common in Taiwan (25.0%) and Hong Kong (18.2%); only 1.3% had binge drinking. Majority of patients drank coffee (64.0%) and tea (80.2%), with varying amounts and durations in different regions. Soft drinks consumption was most common in Singapore (62.2%) and Malaysia (57.7%). Only 29.7% of patients met the Physical Activity Guidelines Recommendations, with no major differences across regions. Patients with liver stiffness <10 kPa were more likely to report any vigorous activity, and sitting time was an independent factor associated with high CAP. Tea and coffee consumption were independently associated with high CAP and liver stiffness, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite some heterogeneity, unhealthy lifestyle and physical inactivity are common across Asian regions. Patients with liver stiffness <10 kPa were more likely to report any vigorous activity. Healthcare providers may use the comparative data to identify areas of deficiency.
METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards were followed when conducting the systematic review. We searched Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Cochrane Library, Highwire, CBM, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang database in May 2023 to identify studies involving Intraoperative fluoroscopy versus no fluoroscopy during posterior or posterolateral approach total hip arthroplasty. Finally, we identified 1133 patients (1145 hips) assessed in seven studies.
RESULTS: There were no significant differences in terms of acetabular cup inclination angle (ACIA, P = 0.43), ACIA within safe zone rate (P = 0.58), acetabular cup anteversion angle (ACAA, P = 0.46); ACAA within safe zone rate (P = 0.72), Combined safe zone rate (P = 0.28), dislocation rate (P = 0.64) and infection rate (P = 0.94) between two groups. Compared with the no fluoroscopy group, the intraoperative fluoroscopy group had more operation time (P