Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 173 in total

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  1. Mohankumar, P., Leong, Wai Yie
    ASM Science Journal, 2018;11(1):1-8.
    MyJurnal
    Thoracic trunk shift and Coronal balance are main features to be considered while planning
    treatment for scoliosis patients. Thoracic trunk shift refers to deviation of trunk from its
    normal position. Coronal balance refers to deviation of seventh cervical bone from sacrum
    in coronal plane. After undergoing scoliosis correction surgery, these two parameters are
    measured by surgeons using radiograph images to make sure the scoliosis curve progression
    is stopped and whether vertebral alignment is back to normal. Since the relationship
    between thoracic trunk shift and coronal balance in the post-operated scoliotic patients is
    questionable, this study is done to find the correlation between thoracic trunk shift and
    coronal balance in the thoracic scoliosis patients who underwent correction surgery at least a
    year before from the date of taking radiographs. Radiographs of 24 patients were collected.
    Statistical analysis was done using paired sample ‘t’ test, with ‘p’ value of 0.05 as the level of
    significance. The mean millimetre measurement of thoracic trunk shift and coronal balance
    was found to be 27.62 mm and 10.50 mm. Results of our study showed that there is a 10.18%
    of relation in between the post thoracic trunk shift and coronal balance of those 24 patients.
  2. Muhamad Nur Fariduddin, Wee, Lei Hum, Lilia Halim, Mohd Johar Jaafar
    ASM Science Journal, 2018;11(1):32-44.
    MyJurnal
    Medical emergency on board is a new phenomenon that lack of attention. Despite the
    presence of cabin crew who is certified to provide medical care to the passenger, failure to
    acquire the non-technical skills and low level of knowledge and technical skills retention is
    reported to be major challenges in developing a highly competent cabin crew in providing
    effective medical care. Having the ability to design simulations, implement it into teaching,
    and effectively evaluate simulated performance is starting to become a key role for educators
    in health care. For most educators, a practical knowledge and skills gap resides between
    the need for simulation learning and proficiencies in designing and utilising simulation. The
    purpose of this model was to develop a ‘trained educators’ from the aviation industry with
    the knowledge and skills to utilise simulation effectively. The steps involve identification,
    development, and integration with a follow-up assessment. The implementation of the program
    yielded a significant improvement on the participants’ knowledge, t (129) = -6.27, p
    < .001 together with a total DASH-SV score of 6.32. The barriers, including difficulties
    encountered executing the model, are discussed combined with the implication for future application.
    This model is an effective approach for developing a trained educator in first aid
    for aviation incorporated with simulation learning. The trained educator will then become
    a pioneer and train another organisation.
  3. Lim, H.M., Misni, M.
    ASM Science Journal, 2018;11(1):44-55.
    MyJurnal
    Surfactants are important class of material used in latexes to impart stability at the
    solid/liquid interface. Ionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants are known to provide electrostatic
    and steric stabilisation. In this study, two surfactants having chain length of twelve
    hydrocarbons were added to the natural rubber latex (NRL) respectively to determine its zeta
    potential values, adsorption isotherm and rheological properties. Previous study has shown
    that optimum stability was observed when the alkyl chain of surfactant contains twelve carbon
    atoms. The zeta potential magnitude of NRL in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate
    increased as the surfactant concentration increases, while polyoxyethylene dodecyl ether did
    not show a significant change in zeta potential. The isotherms were of Langmuir Type 1, the
    amount of surfactant adsorbed per unit area at the plateau region was 6.0 × 10−6 mol m−2
    for sodium dodecyl sulphate and 2.1 × 10−6 mol m−2
    for polyoxyethylene dodecyl ether.
    The elastic modulus and relative viscosity of the NRL suspensions increased significantly
    in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate and also with polyoxyethylene dodecyl ether as
    compared to the NRL system due to stronger colloidal forces. The maximum packing volume
    fractions of the NRL stabilised with sodium dodecyl sulphate and polyoxyethylene dodecyl
    ether were found to be lower than NRL itself.
  4. Omar, N.N., Abdullah, N., Mustafa, I.S., Sulaiman, F.
    ASM Science Journal, 2018;11(1):9-22.
    MyJurnal
    Oil palm frond is known to be the largest contributor to the oil palm residues, providing
    up to 50.3% of the total residues. Since it has a very limited utility, an initiative was taken
    by this study to investigate its suitability for bio-oil production. Hence, slow pyrolysis was
    conducted in an experimental setup equipped with a fixed bed reactor and a liquid collection
    system. From the experiments, the effect of reaction temperature on the bio-oil yield was
    examined. The characteristics of the obtained bio-oil were also investigated to study its
    potential as a substitute of phenol. It was found that at reaction temperature of 375oC,
    highest yield of bio-oil was obtained at 38.4 wt%. Meanwhile, the characteristics of oil palm
    frond and its bio-oil were found to be approximately similar to the characteristics of typical
    softwoods and their bio-oil. Most softwood biomass has been successfully used as a phenol
    substitute. Therefore, the potential of this bio-oil to be used as a phenol substitute was
    enhanced.
  5. Rifardi, Chairunisa Rachmani, Elizal
    ASM Science Journal, 2018;11(1):23-31.
    MyJurnal
    The main purpose of this study is to determine shoreline change in Bengkalis Cape, Riau Province, Indonesia using sediment samples analysis, satellite images, and oceanographic parameters. The samples were collected at five stations by using sediment grab and oceanographic observation was also carried out at each station in November 2015. The southern part of Bengkalis Cape is characterised by fine-grain sediments (mud) and high rate of accretion that reaches 29.77 metre/year, and is influenced by weak tidal currents with a velocity of less than 0.06 m/s and low wave energy. In contrast, the northern part is occupied by coarse-grain sediments (sand) which is characterised by high rate of abrasion as shown in the image data for 20 years; 1995-2015 reaches 38.02 metre/year, and is under the influence of strong tidal current (0.16 m/s) and high wave energy. The major contributing factor for the shoreline change is the current system which flowing from Malacca strait to the shore area and sediments deposition in the area.
  6. Jawari, M.S.A., Chen, S.K., Halim, S.A., Talib, Z.A., Lee, O.J.
    ASM Science Journal, 2018;11(101):1-7.
    MyJurnal
    Exploiting the merits of superconducting properties, a series of thermal profile was employed
    to modify the melt-textured growth of Y−Ba−CuO bulk with BaTiO3 epitaxial
    crystal seed. Two thermal routes were used whereby multiple heatings of the samples were
    conducted at 940 ◦C and 960 ◦C before elevating to 1040 ◦C and 1070 ◦C, respectively. Our
    finding shows that the optimum melt-textured growth window is narrow within the temperature
    range of 1010−1040 ◦C. Above the peritectic temperature, partial decomposition of
    YBa2Cu3O7−δ (Y123) into YBa2Cu3O5 (Y211) leads to the formation of Y211 multigrains
    embedded in the matrix of Y123. The values of Tc for the superconducting Y123 obtained
    using the two routes are 78 K and 71 K. The lower Tc suggests the presence of structural
    distortion and non-stoichiometry of the samples.
  7. Aima, R., Halim, S.A., Chen, S.K., Awang Kechik, M.M.
    ASM Science Journal, 2018;11(101):8-16.
    MyJurnal
    Polycrystalline samples of YBa2Cu3O7−δ added with small amounts (x = 0.0 - 1.0 wt%)
    of Sm2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized via co-precipitation process. The effects of addition
    of Sm2O3 nanoparticles on the superconducting properties and crystal structure of
    YBa2Cu3O7−δ were thoroughly elucidated. The superconducting transition temperature
    (Tc) of each sample was measured by a standard four point probe method. As the addition
    of nano-Sm2O3 increases, the reduction of Tc occur from 92 K for x = 0.0 to 80 K for x =
    1.0 wt% attributable to oxygen vacancy disorder. The crystal lattice parameters of all samples
    were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) with the Rietveld refinement technique. It
    was found that the samples are predominantly single phase perovskite structure Y-123 with
    orthorhombic, small amount of Y-211 and unreacted Sm2O3 secondary phases for samples
    x = 0.2 - 1.0 wt%. Besides, the structure from SEM images showed that the structure becomes
    more porous than the pure sample and the grain sizes are getting slightly decrease
    as the addition of Sm2O3 nanoparticles increase. The addition of nano-Sm2O3 disrupts the
    grain growth of YBCO (123), therefore resulting in the degradation of microstructure and
    superconducting properties of the samples.
  8. Hassan, M.F., Azimi, N.S.N., Kamarudin, K.H., Sheng, C.K.
    ASM Science Journal, 2018;11(101):17-28.
    MyJurnal
    Solid polymer electrolytes based on starch as a polymer host and Magnesium Sulphate
    (MgSO4) as an ionic dopant were successfully prepared by a single-solvent via solution casting
    technique. As determined by XRD and FTIR analyses, the solid polymer electrolyte films
    were in amorphous phase and the coexistence of peaks of the materials (starch and MgSO4)
    confirming that the complex films were successfully obtained. The SEM observations showed
    the films appeared to be rough and flat shape of surface. The highest ionic conductivity (σ)
    of 8.52 ×10−5 S cm−1 was achieved at room temperature (303K) for the sample containing 35
    wt.% MgSO4. The presented results revealed that the as-prepared solid polymer electrolyte
    has the potential as dual functional compound in electrochemical storage application.
  9. F. Nurhaziqah K., Sheng, C.K., Amin, K.A.M., Isa, M.I.N., Hassan, M.F., Ali, E.A.G.E., et al.
    ASM Science Journal, 2018;11(101):68-74.
    MyJurnal
    The new microelectronic products require the silicon (Si) wafer to be thinned to less than
    150 µm in thickness. Residual defect on the wafer surface that leads to wafer breakage with
    a rough surface still be produced by mechanical grinding. Thus, chemical etching method is
    essentially applied to produce a reliable thin wafer with smooth surface of desired thickness.
    In this work, we studied the wet chemical etching effect of different HNO3 concentrations on
    total thickness and weight loss, etch rate, morphological and structural properties of Si wafer
    in the mixtures of HNO3 and HF. The results showed that the total thickness and weight
    loss increases with the increasing of HNO3 concentration and etching time. Higher HNO3
    concentration causes higher etch rate, and the etch rate decreases at prolonged etching time.
    A smoother and clearer homogeneous Si surface image was observed by optical microscope as
    the etching time and HNO3 concentration increase. XRD analysis shows that the intensity
    of etched Si wafer is higher than the pure one, which might indicate the smoother surface
    formation after etching. The findings of present study can be valuably referred to produce
    a reliable and desired Si thin wafer which is crucial in integrated circuit fabrication.
  10. Engku Ali, E.A.G., Matori, K.A., Saion, E., Aziz, S.H.A., Zaid, M.H.M., Alibe, I.M.
    ASM Science Journal, 2018;11(101):75-85.
    MyJurnal
    In this study, Zn2SiO4 composite-based ceramic was synthesised using amorphous SiO2
    nanoparticles as a silicon source. Different ratios of Zn:Si were prepared by mixing amorphous
    SiO2 nanoparticles with aqueous zinc nitrate. Amorphous SiO2 nanoparticles were
    encapsulated by the zinc source in aqueous solution, dried, and subjected to heat treatment.
    The heat treatment underwent by the amorphous SiO2 nanoparticles, with zinc source mixture,
    showed the changing of phases, morphology, and size with increased temperature. ZnO
    phase appeared at the beginning of heat treatment and Zn2SiO4 phase started to emerge at
    800◦C onwards, as shown by XRD patterns. The average crystallite size increases from 37
    nm at 600 ◦C to 68 nm at 1000 ◦C. The spherical morphology was observed at 600 and 700
    ◦C, but at temperatures higher than 800 ◦C, the dumbbell or necking-like structures formed.
    Optical band gap analysis of Zn2SiO4 composite was determined to be within the range of
    3.12 ± 0.04 to 3.17 ± 0.04 eV. The photoluminescence of treated samples showed emission
    peaks at 411 and 455 nm wavelengths from ZnOs blue band and at 528 nm wavelength from
    Zn2SiO4
    0
    s green band. The diffusion of zinc ions into Zn2SiO4 composite with high surface
    area will favour the diffusion at a much lower temperature compared to a conventional solid
    state method.
  11. Kassim, S., Tahrin, R.A.A., Rusdi, N.F., Harun, N.A.
    ASM Science Journal, 2018;11(101):86-95.
    MyJurnal
    A feasible production of poly (methyl methacrylate)@alloy (gold-silver) core shell has
    been presented as candidate in enhanced detection of surface enhanced Raman scattering
    (SERS). Free emulsifier- emulsion synthesised PMMA sphere with average size of 419 nm in
    diameter were used as core material for incorporation of alloy nanoparticles (6 nm) resulting
    a core-shell structure. The fabrication of PMMA@alloy SERS substrate was successfully
    done via self-assembly thus the produced SERS substrate that comprise of unique optical
    properties combination arising from periodic core arrangement and plasmonic activity of
    alloy nanoparticles. Alloy is bimetallic nanoparticles in which the combination of silver
    (Ag) and gold (Au) present an absolutely improved light resistance as compared to single
    metal alone with great surface plasmon resonance. Morphology and elemental analysis was
    performed through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the analysis showing species of
    both Au and Ag in single alloy nanoparticles. The alloy nanoparticles were also observed to
    homogenously coating the PMMA sphere. Surface plasmon resonance activity was maximum
    at 476 nm obtained from UV-Visible spectroscopy. High surface production was observed
    to have periodically arranged PMMA@alloy core -shell and potentially to be used as SERS
    substrate.
  12. Syafiqah, H.N., Umar, R., Kamarudin, M.K.A., Hazmin, S.N., Dianah, A.R.S.N., Jaafar, H., et al.
    ASM Science Journal, 2018;11(101):183-194.
    MyJurnal
    Nowadays, the wireless technology has become a lifestyle; even the children have their own
    mobile phones, although they are categorized as high risk susceptible to health problems
    due to radiation. Thus, the public exposure that stemmed from electromagnetic radiations
    become public concern since studies have been done and the finding showed that the repetitive
    and long term exposure may have adverse health effect. This study was conducted to
    evaluate the exposure level at UMT and UniSZA campuses by measuring the electric field
    strength. This measurement was conducted using omni-directional antenna below 4 GHz,
    connected to spectrum analyzer. In this paper, the measured values are compared with
    the previous study from several locations and then the spatial maps of exposure level are
    developed. The result shows that high exposure level was recorded at UMT and UniSZA.
    From this study, the findings may assist the Ministry of Health to monitor the public health
    due to non-ionizing radiation (NIR) exposure. This is crucial to make sure the international
    commission of non-ionizing radiation protection (ICNIRP) limit is complied. Moreover, the
    development of public NIR exposure policy can be initiated to the Malaysia government for
    health concern. For future study, the investigation of the suitable material used as antenna
    and casing or exposure reduction tool can be done to reduce NIR exposure rate on human
    body.
  13. Mehamod, F.S., Kadir, M.A., Jusoh, N., Yusof, N.F., Suah, F.B.
    ASM Science Journal, 2018;11(101):114-123.
    MyJurnal
    The development of new adsorbent has rapidly increased in order to overcome the problem
    of waste water treatment from heavy metal pollution. The ability of nickel (II)-ion imprinted
    polymer (Ni-IIP) as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of nickel ion from aqueous has
    been investigated. The Ni-IIP was prepared via bulk polymerization by using functional
    monomers; methylacrylic acid (MAA) with picolinic acid as a co-monomer. Nickel ion was
    used as template, AIBN as initiator and EGDMA as cross-linking agent. Non-imprinted control
    polymer (NIP) was prepared in the same manner as Ni-IIP but in the absence of nickel
    ion. The resultant of Ni-IIP and NIP were characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared
    (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Result showed that, the adsorption
    of nickel ion onto Ni-IIP increased as the adsorbent dosage increased and contact
    time is prolonged. The adsorption isotherm model for Ni-IIP and NIP were fitted well with
    Freundlich and Langmuir, respectively. Kinetic study for both Ni-IIP and NIP were followed
    the pseudo-second order, indicates that the rate-limiting step is the surface adsorption that
    involves chemisorption. Selectivity studies showed that the distribution coefficient of Ni2+
    was higher compared to Zn2+, Mg2+ and Pb2+. The present work has successfully synthesized
    Ni-IIP particles with good potential in recognition of Ni2+ ions in an aqueous medium.
  14. Wan M. Khairul, Foong, Y.D., Lee, O.J., Lim, S.K.J., Daud, A.I., Rahamathullah, R., et al.
    ASM Science Journal, 2018;11(101):124-135.
    MyJurnal
    A new class of liquid crystalline acetylide-imine system was successfully synthesized, characterized
    and deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated substrate via electrochemical deposition
    method for potential organic film application. The relationship between liquid crystal
    molecular structure, phase transition temperature and electrical performance was evaluated.
    The mesomorphic properties were identified via polarized optic microscopy (POM) which displayed
    fan-shaped texture of smectic A phase and their corresponding transition enthalpies
    are in concurrence with DSC and TGA studies. The findings from the conductivity analysis
    revealed that the fabricated film exhibits good electrical performance where it displayed
    linear current-voltage relationship of I-V curve. Therefore, this proposed type of molecular
    framework has given an ideal indication to act as transporting material for application in
    optoelectronic devices.
  15. Abdullah, M.A.A., Mamat, M., Rusli, S.A., Kassim, A.A.
    ASM Science Journal, 2018;11(101):96-104.
    MyJurnal
    Considering its excellent thermal stability, alkyl phosphonium surfactant: triisobutyl(methyl)phosphonium
    (TIBMP) was used in this research as an intercalant for surface
    modification of Na+-MMT via ion exchange process forming organomontmorillonite
    (OMMT). The OMMT was then used as filler in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) via
    melt intercalation technique. OMMT decomposed at a higher temperature than commercial
    alkyammonium modified MMT. Exfoliated and intercalated types of nanocomposites
    are obtained from PMMA/OMMTs at low and high content of OMMT loading, depending
    on the space of those clay platelets had to disperse in PMMA. The ability of OMMT to
    carry a certain load applied in PMMA matrix enhances the tensile strength in all composites.
    TIBMP are compatible with PMMA matrix, and significantly improves the tensile
    properties of PMMA composites.
  16. Mamat, M., Abdullah, M.A.A., Jaafar, A.M., Soh, S.K.C., Lee, C.E.
    ASM Science Journal, 2018;11(101):105-113.
    MyJurnal
    As textile production flourishes nowadays, the amount of dyed wastewater entering the
    water body has also increased. Dyes could have serious negative impacts to the environment
    and also the human health, hence, they need to be removed from the water body. In this
    study, layered double hydroxide (LDH) of manganese/aluminium (MnAl) was synthesised
    to be used as a potential adsorbent to remove methyl orange (MO) dye due to its unique
    lamellar structure which provides LDH with high anion adsorption and exchange ability.
    MnAl was synthesized by using co-precipitation method and characterized by powder X-ray
    diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Inductively coupled
    plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur
    (CHNS) elemental analysers, and Accelerated Surface Area and Porosity Analyzer (ASAP).
    Adsorption studies were conducted at different contact times and dosages of MnAl to evaluate
    the performance of MnAl in removing MO from water. Kinetic and isotherm models were
    tested using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich
    isotherm. MnAl LDH was found to be perfectly fitted into pseudo-second order and Langmuir
    isotherm.
  17. Ramlli, M.A., Isa, M.I.N., Yu, K.X., Siew, Y.W.
    ASM Science Journal, 2018;11(101):47-55.
    MyJurnal
    Affordable and greener materials were extensively studied in electrode fabrication for Liion
    based batteries but less interest was shown to proton battery. Hence, in this work,
    a methodology on preparing a natural based binder for proton battery was reported. 2-
    Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (2HEC) was chosen to replace PVDF commercial binder in electrode
    for ZnSO4|MnO2 proton battery configuration. SEM image shows good surface formation
    for both anode and cathode with good porous structure. OCV result shows that the cell
    improved the stable voltage of reference cell of 0.7 V to 0.9 V after 24 hours. The first
    discharge of the cell took 6 hours and 49 minutes at 0.005mA and shows good potential for
    rechargebility test.
  18. Nur Ain, A.R., Mohd Sabri, M.G., Wan Rafizah, W.A., Nurul Azimah, M.A., Wan Nik, W.B.
    ASM Science Journal, 2018;11(101):56-67.
    MyJurnal
    Corrosion is a natural deterioration process that destructs metal surface. Metal of highly
    protected by passivation layer such as Stainless Steel 316L also undergoes pitting corrosion
    when continuously exposed to aggressive environment. To overcome this phenomenon, application
    of epoxy based coating with addition of zinc oxide- poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
    doped with poly (styrene sulphonate) hybrid nanocomposite additive was introduced as
    paint/metal surface coating. The compatibility between these two materials as additive
    was studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD),
    Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM/EDX)
    and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. The effect of nanocomposite
    wt.% in epoxy based coating with immersion duration in real environment on corrosion
    protection performance was analyzed through potentiodynamic polarization analysis. The
    main finding showed that addition of hybrid nanocomposite had increased corrosion protection
    yet enhanced corrosion process when excess additives was loaded into epoxy coating.
    Addition of 2 wt.% ZnO-PEDOT:PSS was found significantly provided optimum corrosion
    protection to stainless steel 316L as the corrosion rate for 0 day, 15 days and 30 days of
    immersion duration is 0.0022 mm/yr, 0.0004 mm/yr and 0.0015 mm/yr; respectively.
  19. Razali, M.H., Ismail, N.A., Osman, U.M., Amin, K.A.M.
    ASM Science Journal, 2018;11(101):158-165.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of glycerol concentration on mechanical
    and physical properties of gellan gum (GG) biofilm. The biofilm was prepared using solvent
    casting method and the effective glycerol concentration was found to be within 30-50%
    w/w (based on GG weight). At 60 and 70 w/w% of glycerol, the films started to distort
    because the films was flexible and brittle. As glycerol concentration was increased the tensile
    strength (TS) and Youngs modulus (E) of films decreased. Somehow, elongation at break
    (EAB), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and swelling of films was increased. Glycerol
    plasticized GG biofilm was thermally stable and flexible, proposed its can be exploited as
    film-forming material and with optimized glycerol concentration it has good mechanical and
    physical properties for edible biofilm.
  20. Muktar, M.Z., Ismail, W.I.W., Razali, M.H., Amin, K.A.M., Razak, S.I.A.
    ASM Science Journal, 2018;11(101):166-182.
    MyJurnal
    This study examined the effect of honey in gellan gum (GG) hydrogel containing virgin
    coconut oil (VCO). Their mechanical, physical, thermal properties and in-vivo healing potential
    on dermal wounds were investigated. The compression performance results show that
    the inclusion of honey into gellan gum incorporated VCO (GGVCOH) hydrogel improved
    the compressive stress of the materials by 3-fold and workable to be applied on the different
    contours of human body. Swelling ratio of GVCO hydrogels increased upon addition of
    honey, and water transmission rates (WVTRs) values of all hydrogels were in the range of
    112-132 g m−2 d
    −1
    , in which comparable to WVTRs values of commercial wound dressings.
    Thermal behavior shows the inclusion of honey in GVCO hydrogels improved the thermal
    stability particularly at high concentration. In-vivo healing on dermal wounds exhibits that
    the inclusion of honey accelerated the wound closure and shows complete neo-epidermal
    of the wounds. The GVCOH hydrogel has shown promising results to treats acute wound
    treatments.
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