Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 29 in total

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  1. Tan PC, Rohani E, Lim M, Win ST, Omar SZ
    BJOG, 2020 09;127(10):1250-1258.
    PMID: 32202035 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16228
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the superficial surgical site infection (SSI) rate to 28 days and patient satisfaction with wound coverage management when their transverse suprapubic caesarean wound is left exposed compared with dressed after skin closure.

    DESIGN: Randomised trial.

    SETTING: University Hospital, Malaysia: April 2016-October 2016.

    POPULATION: 331 women delivered by caesarean section.

    METHOD: Participants were randomised to leaving their wound entirely exposed (n = 165) or dressed (n = 166) with a low adhesive dressing (next day removal).

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes were superficial SSI rate (assessed by provider inspection up to hospital discharge and telephone questionnaires on days 14 and 28) and patient satisfaction with wound coverage management before hospital discharge.

    RESULTS: The superficial SSI rates were 2/153 (1.3%) versus 5/157 (3.2%) (relative risk [RR] 0.4, 95% CI 0.1-2.1; P = 0.45) and patient satisfaction with wound management was 7 [5-8] versus 7 [5-8] (P = 0.81) in exposed compared with dressed study groups, respectively. In the wound-exposed patients, stated preference for wound exposure significantly increased from 35.5 to 57.5%, whereas in the wound-dressed patients, the stated preference for a dressed wound fell from 48.5 to 34.4% when assessed at recruitment (pre-randomisation) to day 28. There were no significant differences in inpatient additional dressing or gauze use for wound care, post-hospital discharge self-reported wound issues of infection, antibiotics, redness and inflammation, swollen, painful, and fluid leakage to day 28 across trial groups.

    CONCLUSION: The trial is underpowered as SSI rates were lower than expected. Nevertheless, leaving caesarean wounds exposed does not appear to have detrimental effects, provided patient counselling to manage expectations is undertaken.

    TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: An exposed compared with a dressed caesarean wound has a similar superficial surgical site infection rate, patient satisfaction and appearance.

  2. Cheung KW, Tan LN, Meher S, WHO Intrapartum Care Algorithms Working Group
    BJOG, 2022 Apr 12.
    PMID: 35415941 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16726
    AIM: To develop evidence-based clinical algorithms for management of common intrapartum urinary abnormalities.

    POPULATION: Women with singleton, term pregnancies in active labour and immediate postnatal period, at low risk of complications.

    SETTING: Healthcare facilities in low- and middle-income countries.

    SEARCH STRATEGY: A systematic search and review were conducted on the current guidelines from WHO, NICE, ACOG and RCOG. Additional search was done on PubMed and The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to May 2020.

    CASE SCENARIOS: Four common intrapartum urinary abnormalities were selected: proteinuria, ketonuria, glycosuria and oliguria. Using reagent strip testing, glycosuria was defined as ≥2+ on one occasion or of ≥1+ on two or more occasions. Proteinuria was defined as ≥2+ and presence of ketone indicated ketonuria. Oliguria was defined as hourly urine output ≤30 ml. Thorough initial assessment using history, physical examination and basic investigations helped differentiate most of the underlying causes, which include diabetes mellitus, dehydration, sepsis, pre-eclampsia, shock, anaemia, obstructed labour, underlying cardiac or renal problems. A clinical algorithm was developed for each urinary abnormality to facilitate intrapartum management and referral of complicated cases for specialised care.

    CONCLUSIONS: Four simple, user-friendly and evidence-based clinical algorithms were developed to enhance intrapartum care of commonly encountered maternal urine abnormalities. These algorithms may be used to support healthcare professionals in clinical decision-making when handling normal and potentially complicated labour, especially in low resource countries.

    TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Evidence-based clinical algorithms developed to guide intrapartum management of commonly encountered urinary abnormalities.

  3. Omar NS, Tan PC, Sabir N, Yusop ES, Omar SZ
    BJOG, 2013 Feb;120(3):338-45.
    PMID: 23145957 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12054
    To evaluate the effect of suggesting coitus as a safe and effective means to expedite labour on pregnancy duration and requirement for labour induction.
  4. Tan PC, Valiapan SD, Tay PY, Omar SZ
    BJOG, 2007 Jul;114(7):824-32.
    PMID: 17506788
    To compare concurrent oxytocin with dinoprostone pessary versus dinoprostone pessary in labour induction for nulliparas with an unfavourable cervix.
  5. Trutnovsky G, Kamisan Atan I, Martin A, Dietz HP
    BJOG, 2016 Aug;123(9):1551-6.
    PMID: 26435045 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13692
    OBJECTIVE: To analyse the associations between delivery mode and symptoms and signs of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in a cohort of symptomatic women.

    DESIGN: Retrospective observational study.

    POPULATION: A total of 1258 consecutive women attending a tertiary urogynaecological unit for the investigation of lower urinary tract or pelvic floor disorders between January 2012 and December 2014.

    METHODS: Obstetric history and clinical examination data were obtained from the unit database. Prolapse quantification on imaging was performed using stored four-dimensional translabial ultrasound volume data sets. Women were grouped into four groups according to the most traumatic delivery reported. The presence of symptoms and signs of POP were compared between delivery groups while controlling for potential confounders.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prolapse symptoms, visual analogue score for prolapse bother, International Continence Society Prolapse Quantification System findings and ultrasound findings of anterior, central and posterior compartment descent.

    RESULTS: Nulliparae showed the lowest prevalence of most measures of POP, followed by women exclusively delivered by caesarean section. Highest prevalences were consistently found in women delivered at least once by forceps, although the differences between this group and women delivered by normal vaginal delivery and/or vacuum extraction were significant in three out of eight measures only. Compared with women in the caesarean section group, the adjusted odds ratios for reporting symptoms of prolapse were 2.4 (95% CI 1.30-4.59) and 3.2 (95% CI 1.65-6.12) in the normal vaginal delivery/vacuum extraction group and forceps group, respectively.

    CONCLUSIONS: There is a clear link between vaginal delivery and symptoms and signs of pelvic organ prolapse in urogynaecological patients.

    TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Compared with caesarean section a history of vaginal delivery more than doubles the risk for POP.

  6. Sharifah H, Naidu A, Vimal K
    BJOG, 2003 Jul;110(7):701-3.
    PMID: 12842063
  7. Kamisan Atan I, Shek KL, Langer S, Guzman Rojas R, Caudwell-Hall J, Daly JO, et al.
    BJOG, 2016 May;123(6):995-1003.
    PMID: 26924418 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13924
    Vaginal childbirth may result in levator ani injury secondary to overdistension during the second stage of labour. Other injuries include perineal and anal sphincter tears. Antepartum use of a birth trainer may prevent such injuries by altering the biomechanical properties of the pelvic floor. This study evaluates the effects of Epi-No(®) use on intrapartum pelvic floor trauma.
  8. Nordström L, Achanna S, Naka K, Arulkumaran S
    BJOG, 2001 Mar;108(3):263-8.
    PMID: 11281466
    To determine longitudinally fetal and maternal blood lactate concentrations during the second stage of labour.
  9. Tan PC, Alzergany MM, Adlan AS, Noor Azmi MA, Omar SZ
    BJOG, 2017 Jan;124(1):123-131.
    PMID: 27418179 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14211
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate immediate compared with on-demand full maternal oral feeding after caesarean delivery STUDY DESIGN: A randomised trial.

    SETTING: Obstetric unit of a university hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

    POPULATION: Women admitted for a planned caesarean under spinal anaesthesia.

    METHODS: Participants were randomised to a sandwich meal served immediately on return to the ward or on-demand.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes were patient satisfaction VAS (visual analog scale of 100 mm) on the feeding regimen and vomiting at 24 hours.

    RESULTS: 453 women were initially enrolled, 395 were randomised and available for analysis. Median (full range) patient satisfaction VAS scores were 82 (15-100) versus 84 (0-100) mm, P = 0.88 and vomiting rates were 1/197 (0.5%) versus 2/198 (1.0%), P > 0.99 for immediate compared with on-demand feeding, respectively. The immediate versus on-demand arms first ate at a median of 105 (35-210) versus 165 (45-385) minutes, P 

  10. Vallikkannu N, Lam WK, Omar SZ, Tan PC
    BJOG, 2017 Jul;124(8):1274-1283.
    PMID: 27348806 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14175
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the tolerability of cervical insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) and its value as a predictor of successful labour induction, compared with Bishop score and transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) cervical length.

    DESIGN: A prospective study.

    SETTING: A tertiary hospital in Malaysia.

    POPULATION: A cohort of 193 term nulliparous women with intact membranes.

    METHODS: Prior to labour induction, cervical fluid was obtained via a vaginal speculum and tested for IGFBP-1, followed by TVUS and finally Bishop score. After each assessment the procedure-related pain was scored from 0 to 10. Cut-off values for Bishop score and cervical length were obtained from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed.

    MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Vaginal delivery and vaginal delivery within 24 hours of starting induction.

    RESULTS: Bedside IGFBP-1 testing is better tolerated than Bishop score, but is less well tolerated than TVUS [median (interquartile range) of pain scores: 5 (4-5) versus 6 (5-7) versus 3 (2-3), respectively; P < 0.001]. IGFBP-1 independently predicted vaginal delivery (adjusted odds ratio, AOR 5.5; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 2.3-12.9) and vaginal delivery within 24 hours of induction (AOR 4.9; 95% CI 2.1-11.6) after controlling for Bishop score (≥4 or ≥5), cervical length (≤29 or ≤27 mm), and other significant characteristics for which the Bishop score and TVUS were not predictive of vaginal delivery after adjustment. IGFBP-1 has 81% sensitivity, 59% specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 82 and 58%, respectively, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of 2.0 and 0.3 for vaginal delivery, respectively.

    CONCLUSION: IGFBP-1 better predicted vaginal delivery than BS or TVUS, and may help guide decision making regarding labour induction in nulliparous women.

    TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: IGFBP-1: a stronger independent predictor of labour induction success than Bishop score or cervical sonography.

  11. Ravichandran J, Ravindran J
    BJOG, 2014 Sep;121 Suppl 4:47-52.
    PMID: 25236633 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12944
    Malaysia has successfully reduced maternal mortality through several efforts which, in the broad sense, include (i) the overall socio-economic development of the country; (ii) strengthened health services; and (iii) specific efforts and initiatives for the reduction of maternal mortality, one of which is the audit of maternal deaths by the confidential enquiry into maternal deaths.
  12. Samsuddin S, Arumugam PA, Md Amin MS, Yahya A, Musa N, Lim LL, et al.
    BJOG, 2020 03;127(4):490-499.
    PMID: 31778255 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16031
    OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between maternal lipaemia and neonatal anthropometrics in Malaysian mother-offspring pairs.

    DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study.

    SETTING: Single tertiary multidisciplinary antenatal clinic in Malaysia.

    POPULATION: A total of 507 mothers: 145 with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); 94 who were obese with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (pre-gravid body mass index, BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m2 ), and 268 who were not obese with NGT.

    METHODS: Maternal demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data were collected during an interview/examination using a structured questionnaire. Blood was drawn for insulin, C-peptide, triglyceride (Tg), and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) during the 75-g 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) screening, and again at 36 weeks of gestation. At birth, neonatal anthropometrics were assessed and data such as gestational weight gain (GWG) were extracted from the records.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Macrosomia, large-for-gestational-age (LGA) status, cohort-specific birthweight (BW), neonatal fat mass (NFM), and sum of skinfold thickness (SSFT) > 90th centile.

    RESULTS: Fasting Tg > 95th centile (3.6 mmol/L) at screening for OGTT was independently associated with LGA (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 10.82, 95% CI 1.26-93.37) after adjustment for maternal glucose, pre-gravid BMI, and insulin sensitivity. Fasting glucose was independently associated with a birthweight ratio (BWR) of >90th centile (aOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.17-3.64), but not with LGA status, in this well-treated GDM cohort with pre-delivery HbA1c of 5.27%. In all, 45% of mothers had a pre-gravid BMI of <23 kg/m2 and 61% had a pre-gravid BMI of ≤ 25 kg/m2 , yet a GWG of >10 kg was associated with a 4.25-fold risk (95% CI 1.71-10.53) of BWR > 90th centile.

    CONCLUSION: Maternal lipaemia and GWG at a low threshold (>10 kg) adversely impact neonatal adiposity in Asian offspring, independent of glucose, insulin resistance and pre-gravid BMI. These may therefore be important modifiable metabolic targets in pregnancy.

    TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Maternal lipids are associated with adiposity in Asian babies independently of pre-gravid BMI, GDM status, and insulin resistance.

  13. van Vliet E, Dijkema GH, Schuit E, Heida KY, Roos C, van der Post J, et al.
    BJOG, 2016 Oct;123(11):1753-60.
    PMID: 27550838 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14249
    BACKGROUND: Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in developed countries. Whether continued tocolysis after 48 hours of rescue tocolysis improves neonatal outcome is unproven.

    OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of maintenance tocolytic therapy with oral nifedipine on the reduction of adverse neonatal outcomes and the prolongation of pregnancy by performing an individual patient data meta-analysis (IPDMA).

    SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for randomised controlled trials of maintenance tocolysis therapy with nifedipine in preterm labour.

    SELECTION CRITERIA: We selected trials including pregnant women between 24 and 36(6/7)  weeks of gestation (gestational age, GA) with imminent preterm labour who had not delivered after 48 hours of initial tocolysis, and compared maintenance nifedipine tocolysis with placebo/no treatment.

    DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The primary outcome was perinatal mortality. Secondary outcome measures were intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), prolongation of pregnancy, GA at delivery, birthweight, neonatal intensive care unit admission, and number of days on ventilation support. Pre-specified subgroup analyses were performed.

    MAIN RESULTS: Six randomised controlled trials were included in this IPDMA, encompassing data from 787 patients (n = 390 for nifedipine; n = 397 for placebo/no treatment). There was no difference between the groups for the incidence of perinatal death (risk ratio, RR 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 0.35-5.33), intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) ≥ grade II (RR 0.65; 95% CI 0.16-2.67), necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) (RR 1.15; 95% CI 0.50-2.65), infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) (RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.51-1.85), and prolongation of pregnancy (hazard ratio, HR 0.74; 95% CI 0.55-1.01).

    CONCLUSION: Maintenance tocolysis is not associated with improved perinatal outcome and is therefore not recommended for routine practice.

    TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Nifedipine maintenance tocolysis is not associated with improved perinatal outcome or pregnancy prolongation.

  14. Raheem IA, Saaid R, Omar SZ, Tan PC
    BJOG, 2012 Jan;119(1):78-85.
    PMID: 21985500 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03151.x
    To compare oral nifedipine with intravenous labetalol in their rapidity to control hypertensive emergencies of pregnancy.
  15. Collaris R, Tan PC
    BJOG, 2009 Jan;116(1):74-80; discussion 80-1.
    PMID: 19087079 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01991.x
    To evaluate oral nifedipine versus subcutaneous terbutaline tocolysis for external cephalic version (ECV).
  16. Hong J, Crawford K, Cavanagh E, da Silva Costa F, Kumar S
    BJOG, 2024 Jan 09.
    PMID: 38196326 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17752
    OBJECTIVE: To assess the utility of placental growth factor (PlGF) levels and the soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1/placental growth factor (sFlt-1/PlGF) ratio to predict preterm birth (PTB) for infants with fetal growth restriction (FGR) and those appropriate for gestational age (AGA).

    DESIGN: Prospective, observational cohort study.

    SETTING: Tertiary maternity hospital in Australia.

    POPULATION: There were 320 singleton pregnancies: 141 (44.1%) AGA, 83 (25.9%) early FGR (<32+0  weeks) and 109 (30.0%) late FGR (≥32+0  weeks).

    METHODS: Maternal serum PlGF and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio were measured at 4-weekly intervals from recruitment to delivery. Low maternal PlGF levels and elevated sFlt-1/PlGF ratio were defined as <100 ng/L and >5.78 if <28 weeks and >38 if ≥28 weeks respectively. Cox proportional hazards models were used. The analysis period was defined as the time from the first measurement of PlGF and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio to the time of birth or censoring.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary study outcome was overall PTB. The relative risks (RR) of birth within 1, 2 and 3 weeks and for medically indicated and spontaneous PTB were also ascertained.

    RESULTS: The early FGR cohort had lower median PlGF levels (54 versus 229 ng/L, p 

  17. Boo NY, Foong KW, Mahdy ZA, Yong SC, Jaafar R
    BJOG, 2005 Nov;112(11):1516-21.
    PMID: 16225572
    To determine obstetric and neonatal risk factors associated with subaponeurotic haemorrhage (SAH) in infants exposed to vacuum extraction.
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