Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 32 in total

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  1. Ahmad Shakani Abdullah, Ikhlima Husna Abdul Rahim, Marry Tracy Pawan
    Borneo Akademika, 2020;4(3):19-25.
    MyJurnal
    In today’s society, there is a great demand for appreciating nutritional standards in which characterized by rising costs and often decreasing availability of raw material together with concern about environmental pollution. Consequently, there is a considerable emphasis on their recovery, recycling and upgrading wastes. The food industry produces large volumes of wastes, both solids and liquids, resulting from the production, preparation and consumption of food. Due to legislation and environmental reasons, the food and beverage industry is highly enforced to find an alternative use for the residual matter. The latest trends impacting the food industry include moves to reduce the huge amount of food waste, as consumers simultaneously adapt their habits in times of continuing austerity. In the last decades, consumers demands in the field of food production has changed considerably. Consumers believe that food contribute directly to their health. Therefore, the idea of using underutilized and waste food products was triggered, where the main ingredient is made of plants waste which is corn silk. It is an invention to transform plant waste to corn silk flour – Zea Mays Flour ( ZMF) that benefit the society through its help of increasing food for the world. Furthermore, it can help to enhance global efforts towards food security, nutrition, dietary needs, as well as foster health and income generation. Recycling products using underutilized and waste food products also could help to sustain the environment. There is one fact that must be beared in inventors’ mind that scientific research alone does not guarantee for a product to be successful in the market. The product invented should fit the taste and needs for the consumers as the market success rate is influenced by the degree of familiarity and acceptance toward the product being sold. Many of the today’s food and beverage products are not intended merely to satisfy hunger and provide humans with necessary nutrients, as they aim to prevent nutrition related diseases and increase physical and mental well-being of consumers. Therefore, it is necessary for product development to explore which need that consumers are concerned about, so that the product could achieve success and market acceptance. The idea using food product using underutilized/waste product, corn silk become Zea Mays Flour ( ZMF), is hoped will support the idea of sustainability, specifically ins steadily gaining more attention from many food producers worldwide, to save the environment while at the same time boost the business through reduction of costs and considerable amount of waste.
  2. Ainil Huda Abu Talib, Siti Nuranis Syazana Misron, Nurul ‘izzah Mohd Fu’ad, Nurul Ariesha Zamri, Eryna Nasir
    Borneo Akademika, 2020;4(1):13-24.
    MyJurnal
    The Silver Reed Model LK150 knitting machine is a home knitting machine which is
    extremely lightweight and compact, making it preferable by most home knitters.
    There are various knitwears with interesting patterns can be made using this model. In
    the field of garments manufacturing by using flatbed knitting machines, it is
    important to understand the physical properties of fabric so that their impact on
    dimensional changes can be predicted to produce the most suitable end use. The
    samples were produced by using a blended bamboo/cotton yarn, with a composition
    of 30% cotton and 70% bamboo. The main objectives of this study are to to evaluate
    the physical properties of single jersey fabric knitted on home knitting machine by
    using different stitch dials and to relate the physical properties with different stitch
    lengths. Then, all tests were conducted to compare the physical properties of samples
    between three different stitch dials and the effects of before and after washing. The
    physical properties measured in this research were stitch length, stitch density, weight,
    thickness, absorbency and shrinkage. The result indicated that the longer the stitch
    length, the higher the percentage of the water impact penetration. Meanwhile, there
    was a slight reduction on the density, thickness and fabric weight. In addition, the
    result after three times washing showed that the samples only had slight changes in
    density, thickness, weight and stitch length, but has significant changes on the water
    impact penetration.
  3. Anealka Aziz, Imelia Laura Daneil, Tang Howe Eng
    Borneo Akademika, 2020;4(1):25-37.
    MyJurnal
    It is vital for educators to understand and match the learning needs of every student for learning to take place effectively. A detailed reference of the students’ entry characteristics, family background, and previous academic performance is useful in determining the materials and activities to be used with the students. The respondents of this study involved 103 students who enrolled in the pre-higher education programme. The characteristics to identify at-risk students are used as guidelines to redefine the definition of pre-higher education students. Therefore, the study aims to examine the characteristics of pre-higher education students based on their academic performance and socio-economic status. A quantitative method is used to gather more information about the basic entry characteristics, previous academic achievement, family background and Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) results of the students. The findings of the study help the researcher to define the terminology of the prehigher education programme. Having to confirm to the conceptual definition of the pre-higher education students helps the policy makers and institutions to develop a suitable learning programme to cater to their learning needs.
  4. Aziela Masarip, Tsan, Fui Ying, Darius El-Pebrian
    Borneo Akademika, 2020;4(2):20-28.
    MyJurnal
    Canarium odontophyllum is a rare tropical fruit that is primarily propagated by seeds.
    However, there is little information regarding its seed handling and germination. As
    low seed moisture content (MC), generally that below 10%, is the key determinant to
    successful seed storage while avoiding microbial damage, the objective of this study
    was, hence, set to investigate C. odontophyllum’s seed germination as affected by
    desiccation using drying beads (DBs) at room temperature or convection oven at
    40C to varying seed MCs, from its initial MC of above 20% down to that below 10%.
    It was found that the seeds tolerated fast dehydration within 24h at room temperature
    using DBs. They retained 90% germination despite seed MC was reduced to below
    10%. Desiccation tolerance with DBs was, however, found only with seeds extracted
    from fresh fruits. As the fruits started rotting with wrinkled appearance and fungi on
    the pericarp from four days after harvest onwards, the seeds extracted from them died
    at MC of below 15%. A slower seed drying method using convection oven at higher
    temperature of 40C, on the other hand, took 72h to bring the seed MC down to
  5. Aznin Baharudin, Nor Akmalazura Jani, Azyati Azreen, A. A. Assyura, Hawa Pornomo, M. Hafiz Mehat
    Borneo Akademika, 2020;4(1):1-12.
    MyJurnal
    This study is focused on formulating a natural-based fabric softener using baking
    soda and vinegar with the addition of insect repellent finish of citronella oil and
    vanillin. The effectiveness of the fabric softener was evaluated by conducting a fabric
    stiffness test on both untreated and treated fabric samples with the softener
    formulated in this study. The assessment for the efficacy of insect repellence was
    carried out using 3 human participants of the same gender and build but different
    blood type, positioned at a mosquito infested area. Three tests; negative, positive, and
    normal tests were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the formulated mosquito
    repellent finishes in the fabric softener. The results show that the formulated fabric
    softener is good mosquito repellent and it is good at giving a soft effect on the treated
    fabric.
  6. Che Khadijah Hamid, Surita Hartini Mat Hassan
    Borneo Akademika, 2020;4(2):53-63.
    MyJurnal
  7. Fatin Afiqah Azhar
    Borneo Akademika, 2021;5(1):52-59.
    MyJurnal
    Rodents are the world’s largest group of small mammals with more than 2200 living species, comprising around 40 percent of all small mammal species existing today. Rodents are non-volant small mammals that weigh approximately less than 500g and inhabit various types of habitat such as grasslands, desert and even in human settlements. This review explained the roles, threats and distribution of rodents in the ecosystem they inhabit. Some species play critical roles as seed disperser, pollinator and even as laboratory subjects in many experiments. This article serves as an eye-opener about the rodent status distribution and abundance in natural and modified habitat, especially in Malaysia. This review of literature can provide knowledge to people to know more about rodents.
  8. Fu, Zinvi, Ahmad Yusairi Bani Hashim, Zamberi Jamaludin, Imran Syakir Mohamad
    Borneo Akademika, 2020;4(4):44-60.
    MyJurnal
    Electromyography (EMG) is a random biological signal that depends on the electrode
    placement and the physiology of the individual. Currently, EMG control is practically limited
    by this individualistic nature and requires per session training. This study investigates the
    EMG signals based on six locations on the lower forearm during contraction. Gesture
    classification was performed en-bloc across 20 subjects without retraining with the objective
    of determining the most classifiable gestures based on the similarity of their resultant EMG
    signals. Principle component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were the
    principal tools for analysis. The results showed that many gesture pairs could be accurately
    classified per channel with accuracies of over 85%. However, classification rates dropped to
    unreliable levels when up to nine gestures were classified over the single channels. The
    classification results show universal classification based on a common EMG database is
    possible without retraining for limited gestures.
  9. Jenna Desiree Robert
    Borneo Akademika, 2021;5(1):3440-0.
    MyJurnal
    Sabah, formerly known as North Borneo during the period of British colonisation from 1888-1963 produced many texts about the British presence and their activities on the island. This review highlights that the post-war studies especially Sabah’s colonial literature is the missing link to its alternative history. Colonial literature has left its legacy in the form of history, anthropology and art but also in the textual and literary representations of Sabah through a western lens. The critique of colonial fiction and non-fiction texts in former colonies in Malaya and Sarawak have paved the way for critical examination and commentary on the modes of representation of the indigenous and immigrants. This review discusses the highlights of postcolonial criticism in Malaysia. It briefly introduces some of the issues about postcolonial criticism in Sabah and its potential.
  10. Julenah Ag Nuddin, Lo, Chor Wai, Farnidah Jasnie, Fatimah Salim, Matsain Md Buang
    Borneo Akademika, 2021;5(1):1-12.
    MyJurnal
    Plants have sustained the life of man since the beginning of the time. Their functionalities go beyond being wood for fire, instead, they are able to protect, provide and nourish. The many purposes of plants have been described by many. In this article, we will describe functional plants through the chemical perspective particularly the biologically active secondary metabolites. The initiatives in natural products studies can be traced to the early years of man when plants were used for health and treatment management as documented in traditional materia medica. In modern days, numerous phytochemicals have become the main ingredients in drugs, foods, cosmetics and many more after detailed and rigorous research programs which determine their safety and efficacy. In Malaysia, and Sabah in particular, efforts are planned and carried out to identify potential traditional plants that will be beneficial in their truest forms.
  11. Julenah Ag Nuddin
    Borneo Akademika, 2021;5(1):25-33.
    MyJurnal
    The highest formal academic qualification is the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Currently, in US alone, 1.77% of its population has doctorates or its equivalent degree holders. It differs in every country depending on the quality of education system that it has. As it is the highest recognition for academic performance, a lot have dreamt to hold the revered scroll. However, quite a number have failed trying. There are a lot of descriptions for the acronym PhD; the most frightening one, Permanent Head Damage. Upon reflection, one description fits well. The formula of success for obtaining PhD consists of the elements known as strategical Plan (P), the rich health (H) and the awesome determination (D). This paper is elaborating these three elements and more, required for a person who is attempting to acquire the degree based on a review of literature and my personal experiences. Hopefully, it will be able to help those who are still fighting their way through their journey.
  12. Khairu Azlan Abd Aziz, Mohd Fazril Izhar Mohd Idris, Muhammad Nasruddeen Mazlan, Wan Suhana Wan Daud
    Borneo Akademika, 2020;4(2):12-19.
    MyJurnal
    A warrant is a security that allows the holder to buy and sell the underlying share at a
    fixed price until expiry date. Warrant price will always fluctuates since the underlying
    share also fluctuates. Hence, determining the warrant price is the main problem
    among the investors in Malaysia. This research is focusing on pricing the warrant for
    five companies that were listed in Bursa Malaysia. The companies were chosen
    randomly from UiTM DataStream. The selected companies were Boon Koon Sdn
    Bhd, Hovid Bhd, Kelington Bhd, ML Global Bhd and Tropicana Corporation Bhd.
    The data contained underlying share, interest rate, exercise price and actual warrant
    price. This research aims to define the price of warrant by using Binomial model.
    Historical volatility and implied volatility were used in this research whereby
    volatility is the movement of the underlying share price. This research aims at
    comparing the actual warrant price with the calculated warrant price. The data were
    computed manually by using Microsoft Excel and the comparison was made between
    the two type of volatilities to give the nearest value of calculated warrant price to the
    actual warrant price. The nearest value was assumed the best value for this research.
    The result was made by analyzing the line graphs and comparing between historical
    volatility and implied volatility with actual warrant price. Mean Square Error was
    used to support the results that were obtained from the line graphs. In the end, implied
    volatility yielded better results compared to historical volatility.
  13. Lee JYV, Wong ASC
    Borneo Akademika, 2020;4(4):61-71.
    MyJurnal
    Several studies have indicated education inequality between rural students and urban students. In language learning, students in rural areas have lower proficiency in English than those in urban areas. The aims of the present study were to investigate the perceptions, instructional knowledge and classroom practices of English teachers in teaching reading in rural areas in Sabah. An online survey was conducted on a sample of 20 secondary English teachers in a teacher professional development programme in Kudat, Sabah. The implications of these findings for future practice in rural high schools are discussed.
  14. Melati Desa, Noraziah Mohd Amin, Mah, Boon Yih, Raja Rosila Raja Berahi, Noor Azli Affendy Lee, Nur Afiqah Ab. Latif, et al.
    Borneo Akademika, 2021;5(1):41-51.
    MyJurnal
  15. Mohd Miqdam Jubidin, Mohammed Selamat Madom, Nur Aainaa Hasbullah
    Borneo Akademika, 2020;4(4):9-14.
    MyJurnal
    Generally, pineapple sucker is used as the main planting material for commercial cultivation
    of pineapple. Pineapple sucker is usually obtained either from the stalk or the stem of a
    pineapple plant. Research to study the effect of planting media using mineral soil as the main
    component for the mixture on the growth of sucker by stem cutting technique was conducted. The objective of this research is to study the effects of mineral soil-based mixed planting
    media on the growth of pineapple suckers produced cultivated via stem cutting of Madu
    pineapple. The research was conducted at the Pineapple Nursery of the Faculty of Sustainable
    Agriculture, UMS Sandakan, from March 2019 until September 2019. The treatments used in
    this research were, soil as T1 (100%); Soil:coco peat as T2 (1:1,v/v); Soil:peat soil as T3
    (1:1,v/v); Soil:sand as T4 (1:1,v/v). The data obtained showed there is a significant difference
    in the number of a successfully germinated sucker. However, no significant difference was
    detected for the sucker growth parameters. Planting media T3, soil: coco peat recorded the
    highest number of successfully germinated suckers (12.25). Meanwhile, for growing media, suggested T2 soil: peat soil were recorded the highest for root length (15.53 cm), leaf number
    (18.00), and stem diameter (2.18 cm) at 60 days after transplant (DAT).
  16. Mudiana Mokhsin, Afdallyna Fathiyah Harun, Murshidan Abu Bakar, Fariq Bin Abdullah, Ar Eirwan Bin Japar
    Borneo Akademika, 2020;4(3):9-18.
    MyJurnal
    In general, most of the consumers in Malaysia would throw away their cooking oil just after one or two times of usage. Waste of the cooking oil is one of the root causes of water pollution as well as the cause of clogged the sink and drainage system in the residential areas. These situations occur due to bad habits of people to simply throw away used cooking oil that would affect and harm the environment. As the world moves forward to a sustainable city and greener environment, the society need to tackle this bad habit from becoming worse. This paper proposes a conceptual idea on how to educate, promote, create awareness as well as encourage the public to be more responsible in managing and disposing used cooking oil. The objective of this study is also aligned and inspired by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals SDG 1: No Poverty and SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production.
  17. Navin Kumar Nadarajah, Nur Hardy Abu Daud
    Borneo Akademika, 2020;4(4):21-32.
    MyJurnal
    A retrospective study was carried out at one selected dairy farm located in Keningau, Sabah in order to evaluate the effect of age at first calving (AFC) on the productive performance of the
    primiparous Sahiwal x Friesian crossbred dairy cows. The retrospective data was collected from 123 Sahiwal x Friesian crossbred dairy cows. AFC was classified into 7 groups such as:
    ≤22; 23-24; 25-26; 27-28 months old; 29-30; 31-32 and >32 months old, respectively. The productive performance parameters that were evaluated consisted of the first-lactation milk
    yield, lactation length, average daily milk yield and dry period. Cows with AFC of 23-24 and 25-26 months of age showed the highest first-lactation milk yield, 7210.14± 384.84 litres and
    7053.80± 342.98 litres, respectively. Cows with AFC of 23-24 months old have also showed the longest lactation length of 410.25± 19.51 days. However, cows with AFC of 23-24 months
    of age produced the least average daily milk yield, that was about 17.62± 0.60 litres/day and cows that were calved at 29-30 months of age and >32 months of age produced the highest
    average daily milk yield, that was about 24.10± 0.94 litres/day and 24.16± 0.79 litres/day, respectively. The study showed that AFC had a significant effect on the first-lactation milk
    yield, lactation length and average daily milk yield of the Sahiwal x Friesian crossbred dairy cows (p0.05). Overall, cows with the AFC of 23-24 months old have showed the best productive performance
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