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Serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and its association with bipolar disorder across different ethnic groups in Malaysia

Mohamed Saini S, Nik Jaafar NR, Sidi H, Midin M, Mohd Radzi A, Abdul Rahman AH

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S76-81.

PMID: 23410635 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.12.005

The risk variants have been shown to vary substantially across populations and a genetic study in a heterogeneous population might shed a new light in the disease mechanism. This preliminary study aims to determine the frequency of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) in the three main ethnic groups in Malaysia and its association with bipolar disorder.

Is the Bahasa Malaysia version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-BM) a better instrument than the Malay version of the Mini Mental State Examination (M-MMSE) in screening for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the elderly?

Razali R, Jean-Li L, Jaffar A, Ahmad M, Shah SA, Ibrahim N, et al.

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S70-5.

PMID: 24314103 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.04.010

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a known precursor to Alzheimer disease, yet there is a lack of validated screening instruments for its detection among the Malaysian elderly.

Schizophrenia relapse in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: do relatives' expressed emotion and personality traits matter?

Roseliza-Murni A, Oei TP, Fatimah Y, Asmawati D

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55(1):188-98.

PMID: 23374905 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.12.026

Schizophrenia which is perhaps the most disabling and puzzling form of a mental disorder is often conceptualized as 'gila' (lunacy or madness) by the Malaysian society. The debilitating nature of the disorder and recurrent relapse of its psychotic episodes have often been misunderstood and lead to confusion among the family members, who play the role as primary caregivers. While expressed emotion (EE) has been widely studied in the Western world, it is not well understood in Malaysia.

Association of social support and quality of life among people with schizophrenia receiving community psychiatric service: A cross-sectional study

Munikanan T, Midin M, Daud TIM, Rahim RA, Bakar AKA, Jaafar NRN, et al.

Compr Psychiatry, 2017 05;75:94-102.

PMID: 28342379 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.02.009

OBJECTIVE: To understand the needs of patients with schizophrenia for recovery, this study examined the type and level of social support and its association with quality of life (QOL) among this group of patients in the city of Kuala Lumpur.

METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 individuals with schizophrenia receiving community psychiatric services in Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL). The WHOQOL-BREF, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used to assess QOL, severity of symptoms and social support, respectively. The study respondents were predominantly Malay, aged less than 40, males, single, unmarried, had lower education levels and unemployed.

RESULTS: About 72% of the respondents had poor perceived social support, with support from significant others being the lowest, followed by friends and family. From multiple regression analysis, social support (total, friend and family) significantly predicted better QOL in all domains; [B=0.315 (p<0.001), B=0.670 (p<0.001), B=0.257 (p<0.031)] respectively in Physical Domain; [B=0.491 (p<0.001), B=0.735 (p<0.001), B=0.631 (p<0.001)] in Psychological Domain; [B=1.065 (p<0.001), B=0.670 (p<0.017), B=2.076 (p<0.001)] in Social Domain and; [B=0.652 (p<0.001), B=1.199 (p<0.001), B=0.678 (p<0.001)] in Environmental Domain. Being married and having shorter duration of illness, lower BPRS (total) scores, female gender and smoking, were also found to significantly predict higher QOL.

CONCLUSION: Social support is an important missing component among people with schizophrenia who are already receiving formal psychiatric services in Malaysia.

Clinical depression while caring for loved ones with breast cancer

Nik Jaafar NR, Selamat Din SH, Mohamed Saini S, Ahmad SN, Midin M, Sidi H, et al.

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S52-9.

PMID: 23706655 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.03.003

The period of the cancer patients undergoing treatment is also the most stressful time for their family caregivers. This study aimed to determine the rates of major depressive disorder and dysthymia; and their associated factors in the caregivers during this time.

Study site: Oncology centre, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Fulltext Psychometric properties of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) across cross-cultural subgroups, genders, and sexual orientations: Findings from the International Sex Survey (ISS)

Horváth Z, Nagy L, Koós M, Kraus SW, Demetrovics Z, Potenza MN, et al.

Compr Psychiatry, 2023 Nov;127:152427.

PMID: 37782987 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152427

INTRODUCTION: Despite being a widely used screening questionnaire, there is no consensus on the most appropriate measurement model for the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Furthermore, there have been limited studies on its measurement invariance across cross-cultural subgroups, genders, and sexual orientations.

AIMS: The present study aimed to examine the fit of different measurement models for the AUDIT and its measurement invariance across a wide range of subgroups by country, language, gender, and sexual orientation.

METHODS: Responses concerning past-year alcohol use from the participants of the cross-sectional International Sex Survey were considered (N = 62,943; Mage: 32.73; SD = 12.59). Confirmatory factor analysis, as well as measurement invariance tests were performed for 21 countries, 14 languages, three genders, and four sexual-orientation subgroups that met the minimum sample size requirement for inclusion in these analyses.

RESULTS: A two-factor model with factors describing 'alcohol use' (items 1-3) and 'alcohol problems' (items 4-10) showed the best model fit across countries, languages, genders, and sexual orientations. For the former two, scalar and latent mean levels of invariance were reached considering different criteria. For gender and sexual orientation, a latent mean level of invariance was reached.

CONCLUSIONS: In line with the two-factor model, the calculation of separate alcohol-use and alcohol-problem scores is recommended when using the AUDIT. The high levels of measurement invariance achieved for the AUDIT support its use in cross-cultural research, capable also of meaningful comparisons among genders and sexual orientations.

Generalization of cognitive training in an Australian sample of schizophrenia patients

Sharip S, Michie P, Schall U, Drysdale K, Case V, Sankaranarayanan A, et al.

Compr Psychiatry, 2013 Oct;54(7):865-72.

PMID: 23602388 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.03.015

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of cognitive training in improving trained and untrained cognitive processes in schizophrenia.

Employment program for patients with severe mental illness in Malaysia: a 3-month outcome

Wan Kasim SH, Midin M, Abu Bakar AK, Sidi H, Nik Jaafar NR, Das S

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S38-45.

PMID: 23602390 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.03.011

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the rate and predictive factors of successful employment at 3 months upon enrolment into an employment program among patients with severe mental illness (SMI).
METHODS: A cross-sectional study using universal sampling technique was conducted on patients with SMI who completed a 3-month period of being employed at Hospital Permai, Malaysia. A total of 147 patients were approached and 126 were finally included in the statistical analyses. Successful employment was defined as the ability to work 40 or more hours per month. Factors significantly associated with successful employment from bivariate analyses were entered into a multiple logistic regression analysis to identify predictors of successful employment.
RESULTS: The rate of successful employment at 3 months was 68.3% (n=81). Significant factors associated with successful employment from bivariate analyses were having past history of working, good family support, less number of psychiatric admissions, good compliance to medicine, good interest in work, living in hostel, being motivated to work, satisfied with the job or salary, getting a preferred job, being in competitive or supported employment and having higher than median scores of PANNS on the positive, negative and general psychopathology. Significant predictors of employment, from a logistic regression model were having good past history of working (p<0.021; OR 6.12; [95% CI 2.1-11.9]) and getting a preferred job (p<0.032; [OR 4.021; 95% CI 1.83-12.1]).
CONCLUSION: Results showed a high employment rate among patients with SMI. Good past history of working and getting a preferred job were significant predictors of successful employment.

The relationship between sexual functioning among couples undergoing infertility treatment: a pair of perfect gloves

Yeoh SH, Razali R, Sidi H, Razi ZR, Midin M, Nik Jaafar NR, et al.

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S1-6.

PMID: 23116967 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.09.002

The study aimed to measure the relationship of sexual functioning between male and female partners, who sought infertility treatment in a university hospital setting in Malaysia.

Socio-demographic and psychosocial correlates of erectile dysfunction among hypertensive patients

Fadzil MA, Sidi H, Ismail Z, Hassan MR, Thuzar K, Midin M, et al.

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S23-8.

PMID: 23453753 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.12.024

OBJECTIVE:
The main aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of ED and the associated socio-demographic and psychological correlates among hypertensive patients from a rural multiethnic community in Malaysia.

METHODS:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among hypertensive patients attending rural primary care clinics. The socio-demographic, health characteristics, erectile function and levels of depression, anxiety and stress were recorded and analysed. The International Index of ErectileFunction-5 (IIEF-5) questionnaire and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used to assess erectile function and the levels of depression, anxiety and stress, respectively.

RESULTS:
A total of 253 hypertensive patients comprising 178 (70.4%) Malays, 56 (22.1%) Chinese and 18 (7.5%) Indians participated. The mean age of participants was 59.8 ± 10.62 years. Overall, the prevalence rate of ED was 62%: 90 (35%) with moderate and 69 (27%) with severe ED. The prevalence rate of ED among those aged 65 years or older (83.1%) was significantly higher than those less than 65 years (51.8%), (p<0.001). Higher prevalence rates were also noted among the Chinese (78.6%) compared to Malays (59.6%) and Indians (50%) (p=0.021); lower education level (69.1%) (p=0.026), among hypertensive patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus (70.6%) (p=0.026) and WHR ≥ 0.9 (31.3%) (p=0.021). However, no significant association was found between depression, anxiety and stress scores with IIEF-5 score.

CONCLUSION:
The prevalence rate of ED among Malaysian hypertensive patients is high. The rate increases significantly with age, Chinese ethnicity, concomitant diabetes mellitus, lower education level, WHR and the number of pack years of smoking. ED should be properly recognized and managed in hypertensive patients.

The risk and associated factors of methamphetamine psychosis in methamphetamine-dependent patients in Malaysia

Sulaiman AH, Said MA, Habil MH, Rashid R, Siddiq A, Guan NC, et al.

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S89-94.

PMID: 23433219 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.01.003

The objective of this study was to determine the risk of lifetime and current methamphetamine-induced psychosis in patients with methamphetamine dependence. The association between psychiatric co-morbidity and methamphetamine-induced psychosis was also studied.

Prevalence and risk factors of female sexual dysfunction among healthcare personnel in Malaysia

Grewal GS, Gill JS, Sidi H, Gurpreet K, Jambunathan ST, Suffee NJ, et al.

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S17-22.

PMID: 23452905 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.01.009

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) among healthcare personnel in selected healthcare facilities in Malaysia.
METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at three large healthcare facilities that were selected by convenience sampling. Within each facility, stratified random sampling was used to select suitable candidates to participate in the study (n=201). Validated questionnaires were used to assess depression, anxiety, sexual function in women and erectile dysfunction (ED) in their partners.
RESULTS: The prevalence of FSD was 5.5%. Women with sexual dysfunction were more likely to be married longer (OR=4.08; 95% CI; 1.15-4.50), had lower frequency of sexual intercourse (OR=5.00; 95% C; 1.05-23.76) and had a spouse with ED (OR=24.35; 95% CI; 4.55-130.37). Multivariate analysis showed that ED was the strongest predictor for FSD (AOR=27.30; 95% CI; 4.706-159.08).
CONCLUSION: One in eighteen female healthcare personnel suffered from FSD and presence of ED in the partner strongly impacted her sexual function, negatively. The findings highlight the importance of including the male partner in clinical assessment of FSD.

Duration of hypertension and antihypertensive agents in correlation with the phases of female sexual response cycle

Latif RA, Muhamad R, Ann AY, Sidi H, Nik Jaafar NR, Midin M, et al.

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S7-12.

PMID: 23206495 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.10.008

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the construct of the phases of the female sexual response cycle (SRC) in women with hypertension and their association with the duration of hypertension and types of antihypertensive agents.

Pre-marital sex and its predicting factors among Malaysian youths

Manaf MR, Tahir MM, Sidi H, Midin M, Nik Jaafar NR, Das S, et al.

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S82-8.

PMID: 23587530 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.03.008

This study aimed to examine the prevalence of pre-marital sex and its predicting factors among youth trainees undergoing a national skill training programme in the state of Malaysia.

Orgasmic dysfunction among Malay diabetic women in Malaysia

Ismail AH, Baw R, Sidi H, Guan NC, Midin M, Nik Jaafar NR, et al.

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S29-33.

PMID: 23623640 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.03.009

The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of orgasmic dysfunction among Malay women with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Malaysia.

Factor analysis study on sexual responses in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Ismail AH, Bau R, Sidi H, Guan NC, Naing L, Nik Jaafar NR, et al.

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S34-7.

PMID: 23375262 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.12.028

This study compared the components of sexual responses between Malaysian women with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and those without the disease.

Risk factors for suicidal ideation, plans and attempts in Malaysia--results of an epidemiological survey

Maniam T, Marhani M, Firdaus M, Kadir AB, Mazni MJ, Azizul A, et al.

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S121-5.

PMID: 24156873 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.08.004

This is an epidemiological study to determine the prevalence of suicidal behavior and its association with generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) in a nationally representative sample.

Psychometric properties and validation of the Reasons for Living Inventory in an outpatient clinical population in Malaysia

Aishvarya S, Maniam T, Karuthan C, Sidi H, Ruzyanei N, Oei TP

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S107-13.

PMID: 24230486 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.06.010

The Reasons For Living Inventory has been shown to have good psychometric properties in Western populations for the past three decades. The present study examined the psychometric properties and factor structure of English and Malay version of the Reasons For Living (RFL) Inventory in a sample of clinical outpatients in Malaysia. The RFL is designed to assess an individual's various reasons for not committing suicide. A total of 483 participants (283 with psychiatric illnesses and 200 with non-psychiatric medical illnesses) completed the RFL and other self-report instruments. Results of the EFA (exploratory factor analysis) and CFA (confirmatory factor analysis) supported the fit for the six-factor oblique model as the best-fitting model. The internal consistency of the RFL was α=.94 and it was found to be high with good concurrent, criterion and discriminative validities. Thus, the RFL is a reliable and valid instrument to measure the various reasons for not committing suicide among psychiatry and medical outpatients in Malaysia.
Study site: Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM)

Psychometric properties and validation of the Satisfaction with Life Scale in psychiatric and medical outpatients in Malaysia

Aishvarya S, Maniam T, Karuthan C, Sidi H, Nik Jaafar NR, Oei TP

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S101-6.

PMID: 23602389 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.03.010

The present study evaluated the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) in a sample of clinical outpatients in Malaysia. The SWLS is a measure designed to assess subjective life satisfaction. Four hundred eighty-three participants (283 with psychiatric illnesses and 200 with other medical illnesses) completed the SWLS and other self-report instruments. Results of the EFA and CFA supported the fit for the one-factor model as the best-fitting model. The internal consistency of the SWLS (α=0.86) was found to be high. Correlational analyses showed that SWLS had adequate concurrent validity. Scores on SWLS, which differentiated psychiatric patients and medical patients, supported criterion validity. The logistic regression analyses showed good discriminative validity of SWLS. The SWLS is a reliable and valid instrument to measure the satisfaction with life among psychiatry and clinical outpatients in Malaysia.
Study site: medical and psychiatric clinics, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Suicide ideation and intent in Malaysia: a review of the literature

Aishvarya S, Maniam T, Sidi H, Oei TP

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S95-100.

PMID: 23433220 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.01.005

The aim of this paper was to review the literature on suicide ideation and intent in Malaysia. PsyINFO, PubMed, Medline databases from 1845 to 2012 and detailed manual search of local official reports from Ministry of Health, Malaysian Psychiatric Association and unpublished dissertations from 3 local universities providing postgraduate psychiatric training, were included in the current review. A total of 13 studies on suicide ideation and intent in Malaysia were found and reviewed. The review showed that research on suicide ideation and intent in Malaysia was fragmented and limited, at best. Approximately 50% of existing research on suicide ideation and intent simply focused on sociodemographic data. Fifty-four percent of the data were obtained from hospitals. No study has been conducted on treatment and interventions for suicide ideation and intent. None of the studies used validated suicide scales. The impact of culture was rarely considered. It was clear from the review that for researchers, clinicians and public health policy makers to gain a better understanding of suicide behavior especially suicide ideation and intent in Malaysia, more systematic and empirically stringent methodologies and research frameworks need to be used.

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