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Understanding self-management related experience of patients with nasopharyngeal cancer: a review

Che Abdullah CA, Saidi S, Lee SP

Enferm Clin, 2021 04;31 Suppl 2:S152-S156.
PMID: 33849151 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.12.012

This review is conducted to understand the self-management experience among the patients throughout their cancer trajectory. Five databases were inputted systematic searches from February to April 2018. Several important themes emerged from the review, including their needs, facilitators, barriers, strategies, and provision of support towards self-management. The needs for sufficient and appropriate information was the most severe concern among nasopharyngeal cancer patients. Understanding self-management from the patients' perspectives may draw attention to specific concerns for self-management. However, the study of nasopharyngeal cancer patients is still under-researched. Therefore, exploratory research to understand their unique self-management experiences may help to design the care and support tailored to them to provide more holistic yet individualized care.
The relationship between painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy and functional status of older people in Kuantan, Pahang

Makhtar A, Syed Elias SM, Azizi A

Enferm Clin, 2021 04;31 Suppl 2:S130-S134.
PMID: 33849146 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.12.007

This study aimed to determine the relationship between painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy and functional status among older people in Kuantan, Pahang. A cross-sectional study was performed by using an interviewer-administered questionnaire among 300 participants recruited from selective Primary Health Centres and endocrine clinics, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan in Kuantan, Pahang. The data were analyzed by using SPSS version 22. The findings indicated that most participants reported neuropathic pain experience. The severity of pain was found to be significantly related to patients who had been diagnosed over 10 years ago, Indians patients and those who were treating their diabetes with insulin alone. No significant relationship was found between pain severity and functional status. The severity of pain and the associated factors suggest the need for a multidisciplinary approach to provide effective treatment to patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
The relation between knowledge and attitudes with behavior of nurse in providing spiritual care

Syamsiah N, Rahma M, Hassan HC

Enferm Clin, 2020 06;30 Suppl 5:196-201.
PMID: 32713568 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.053

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the relationship of nurses' knowledge and attitudes with nurses' behavior in providing spiritual nursing care in the inpatient room at Citra Sari Husada Hospital, Karawang.
METHOD: This study used an analytic descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach with a population of 115 and the sample used was 85 people. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires. Questionnaires were used assess about nurses' knowledge, nurses' attitudes, and nurses' behavior in providing spiritual nursing care.
RESULTS: The results of bivariate analysis found a relationship between knowledge and behavior of nurses in the provision of spiritual nursing care with p value 0.010 (α=0.05). But there is no relationship between attitudes with nurses' behavior in providing spiritual nursing care with p value 1.000 (α=0.05).
CONCLUSION: Nurses' knowledge of nursing care can influence nurses' behavior in providing spiritual nursing care to patients.
The prevalence of burnout syndrome among critical care nurses in a tertiary hospital in Pahang, Malaysia

Mahamud N, Ludin SM

Enferm Clin, 2021 04;31 Suppl 2:S334-S338.
PMID: 33849194 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.09.023

Recent studies provide an alarming view on the prevalence of burnout that has increased worldview markedly. This study aims to determine the level of burnout, association between socio-demographic characteristics and the correlation between burnout elements. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 118 critical care nurses using Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) to assess their emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA). It consists of 22 items with a 7-point Likert type rating scale. No significant difference between socio-demographic characteristics and the levels of burnout. 64.4% of participants scored high on emotional exhaustion, most of the participants (72.9%) had high levels of depersonalization and 37.3% of the participants reported high levels of personal accomplishment. Despite having high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, critical care nurses in the tertiary hospital can maintain a positive evaluation of their accomplishment.
The need for first aid education for adolescents

Mohd Sharif NA, Che Hasan MK, Che Jamaludin FI, Zul Hasymi Firdaus MK

Enferm Clin, 2018 Feb;28 Suppl 1:13-18.
PMID: 29650169 DOI: 10.1016/S1130-8621(18)30028-7

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to identify the need for basic first aid knowledge and skills among adolescents.
METHOD: A cross-sectional study using multistage sampling was conducted among 375 secondary school students in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. The survey was adapted from a Hong Kong Red Cross survey. A back to back translation of this instrument was carried out by two bilingual medical experts with Cronbach's alpha 0.8. The data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) in terms of descriptive analysis, and an independent t-test and chi-square test were carried out.
RESULTS: There were 149 respondents from the lower form (grade level) and 226 respondents from the upper form. The majority of respondents (81.6%) were Malay. An independent t-test revealed a significant association between knowledge and attitude, as students who scored higher on first aid questions showed a more positive attitude towards first aid (1.475%). There were also significant associations between race and experience learning first aid.
CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents receive minimal first aid education. Thus, there is an urgent need to educate adolescents more in first aid to promote a safer community and to prevent any further injuries.
The need for educating healthcare professionals regarding good musculoskeletal health practice

Mohd Yusoff NS, Firdaus MKZH, Jamaludin FIC, Che Hasan MK

Enferm Clin, 2019 09;29 Suppl 2:579-584.
PMID: 31281003 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.089

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the level of knowledge and practice of body mechanics towards preserving musculoskeletal health in daily routine activities of HCPs (medical officers, staff nurses, community health nurses, assistant medical officers, physiotherapists, and assistant nurses) from Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Pahang.
METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted with convenience sampling employed across five different departments. The departments were a department of medical, surgical, orthopedics, emergency and rehabilitation. The samples were selected according to a minimum of two years of clinical experience without any history of low back surgery. An instrument consists of socio-demographic background, knowledge on body mechanics and Owestry Low Back Pain Disability Index Questionnaire was used in this study.
RESULTS: A total of 139 HCPs were recruited including medical officers, staff nurses, community health nurses, assistant medical officers, physiotherapists, and assistant nurses. A self-administered questionnaire pertaining to knowledge revealed that 73.4% of HCPs had inadequate knowledge of musculoskeletal body mechanics. Among all, 90.6% (minimal: 9.4%, moderate: 43.2%, severe: 42.4%, crippled: 5.0%) of HCPs showed moderate to crippled disability using Oswestry Disability Index classifications indicating the poor practice of body mechanics while working.
CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that a lack of knowledge among healthcare professionals lead to the inadequate practice of preserving musculoskeletal health while carrying out duty in caring patients. It is suggested that enforcing and emphasizing health education for healthcare professionals is urgently needed towards reducing the risk of the musculoskeletal problem among healthcare professionals.
The knowledge of pressure ulcer among nursing students and related factors

Murugiah S, Ramuni K, Das U, Hassan HC, Abdullah SKBF

Enferm Clin, 2020 06;30 Suppl 5:41-45.
PMID: 32713581 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.019

Pressure ulcer has been recognized as one of the major causes of morbidity, mortality and a burden to healthcare. Our aim is to compare the level of knowledge regarding pressure ulcer prevention among final year nursing students in one of the Health Campus in Kelantan. This is a cross-sectional study aimed to determine and compare the knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention among the nursing students. The total sample for this study is 108 students. The sampling methods used are purposive sampling methods, i.e. the sample was chosen based on the potentially knowledge about the phenomena studied. Self-administered questionnaire is used to measure the characteristic and knowledge level of sample towards pressure ulcer prevention. Data including descriptive statistic and statistical tests was analyzed using the SPSS version 22.0. Finding of this study was significant with p<0.001 (significant at p<0.05). This indicates the significant differences of pressure ulcer knowledge between both programmes. The degree students have higher knowledge than the diploma students. Therefore, it is evident from this study that higher the level of education, the higher is the knowledge regarding pressure ulcer.
The influence of music therapy on mental well-being among postoperative patients of total knee arthroplasty (TKA)

Aris A, Sulaiman S, Che Hasan MK

Enferm Clin, 2019 09;29 Suppl 2:16-23.
PMID: 31208927 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.004

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate whether music therapy affects immediate postoperative well-being among patients who had undergone TKA surgery in the recovery unit.
METHOD: A randomized controlled trial was conducted recruiting patients from Hospital Melaka, Malaysia. Postoperative TKA patients with good hearing and visual acuity, fully conscious and prescribed with patients controlled analgesia (PCA) were randomized to either intervention or control groups using a sealed envelope. Patients in the intervention group received usual care with additional music therapy during recovery, while patients in the control group received the usual care provided by the hospital. Two factors identified affecting mental well-being were the pain (measured using numerical rating scale) and anxiety (measured using a visual analog scale) at five different minutes' points (0, 10, 20, 30, and 60).
RESULTS: A total of 56 (control: 28, intervention: 28) postoperative TKA patients consented in the study. There was no difference in baseline characteristics between the two groups (p>0.05). Using Mann-Whitney U tests, patients in music therapy group showed significantly lower numerical pain score at 60min (p=0.045) whereas there was no significant difference between the two groups at all time points for anxiety scores (p>0.05). In the intervention group, Friedman tests showed that there was a significant difference in numerical pain (χ2=36.957, df=4, p<0.001) and anxiety score across times (χ2=18.545, p=0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: This study found that pain score decreases over time among patients in the music therapy group while no effect is seen for anxiety. It is suggested that music therapy could not affect postoperative TKA patients' mental well-being. Nonetheless, patients reported better pain score despite the small sample.
The implementation of midwifery competency standards in applying behaviour of normal childbirth care (APN) on BIDAN PRAKTIK MANDIRI PERA

Simanullang E, Dioso RI

Enferm Clin, 2020 06;30 Suppl 5:96-98.
PMID: 32713595 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.030

Maternity illness and death rate is high in many developing countries, including Indonesia due to bleeding in the post childbirth (28%), miscarriage complication (12%), and sepsis (9%). The main reason for maternity illness in implementation of APN which is in accordance with midwife competence standard is carried out. The objective of the research was to find out the implementation of midwife competence standard in APN implementation behavior. The research used qualitative narrative method. It was conducted at RSU Ridos, Medan. The informants were 4 midwives, 1 owner, and 2 childbirth women. The data were analyzed qualitatively by interpreting the data in the form of sentences. The result of the research showed that the implementation of midwife competence standard in carrying out normal childbirth care in RSU was good. Midwives' knowledge was good since all of them were D-III midwifery graduates. Senior midwives' skill was better than that of young ones although the latter were controlled by their seniors and bay the hospital owner. The skilled midwives had participated in APN training, while the unskilled ones had not. Midwives behavior, especially the seniors' was good in implementing APN in RSU Ridos, but young midwives still needed experience in implementing APN so that their behavior was in accordance with midwife competence standard and to oath of office. It is recommended that the hospital management increase midwives' knowledge and skill in Normal Childbirth Care, and make midwives who not yet followed training participate in it.
The effects of papaya leaf juice for breastfeeding and working mothers on increasing prolactin hormone levels and infant's weight in Tangerang

Ikhlasiah M, Winarni LM, Poddar S, Bhaumik A

Enferm Clin, 2020 06;30 Suppl 5:202-205.
PMID: 32713569 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.054

Based on preliminary studies, it is known that 80% of working mothers fail to make exclusive breastfeeding, on average babies are given formula milk 2-4 months old and stop breastfeeding at 6-18 months of age. Papaya leaves are one of the galactagogues that contain quercetin which can activate the hormone prolactin and help increase breastmilk. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving papaya leaf juice for nursing mothers who work toward increasing levels of the hormone prolactin and infant weight in Tangerang. The research design used was a pre-experimental model with one group pretest-posttest design. Samples taken as many as 10 mothers who have babies aged 0-6 months who have difficulty in breastfeeding because the amount of breastmilk was a little. The study was conducted in several clinics in Tangerang. The intervention was giving papaya leaf juice for 7 consecutive days. The results obtained from this study are as follows: 90% of mothers aged between 20 and 35 years, 70% of mothers have a history of spontaneous labor and have no complications at the time of delivery, 40% of mother's education is junior high school (SMP), and 70% of mothers are primiparas. The average increase in the amount of prolactin after the intervention was 19.59ng/ml, while the average weight gain of the newborn after the intervention was 165g. Wilcoxon test results for increased levels of the hormone prolactin p-value of 0.047<0.05 and for an increase in body weight of newborns p-value of 0.009<0.05. CONCLUSION: There is an effect of giving papaya leaf juice for nursing mothers who work on increasing levels of the hormone prolactin and infant weight in Tangerang. Papaya leaf juice can be a galactagogue for mothers who experience problems with a small amount of breastmilk.
The effectiveness of gamelan therapy on depression levels in chronic kidney failure patients

Nurhidayati T, Pambudi DA, Rahayu DA, Elengoe A, Ramuni K

Enferm Clin, 2020 06;30 Suppl 5:69-72.
PMID: 32713588 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.023

INTRODUCTION: The effect of depression on human behavior have been widely recognized in chronic kidney failure patients who undergoing hemodialysis. There was some depression technique management which could be applied. It could be a pharmacological or non-pharmacological technique. One of the complementary non-pharmacological therapy are Javanese gamelan therapy.
OBJECTIVE: This research reduced depression level with Javanese gamelan therapy in chronic kidney failure patients' who undergo hemodialysis at RSUD KRMT Wongsonegoro Semarang.
METHOD: It was a quasi-experimental research with pretest-post-test without control group. The research was administered during March-May 2019 with 30 respondents taken as sample using the total sampling technique.
RESULTS: The research on 30 respondents showed that p-value=0.00,
The effect of oral hydrotherapy on risk reduction of diabetic feet ulcer among people with type-2 diabetes mellitus

Sunaryo T, Lestari S, Sevendor Khor BFA

Enferm Clin, 2020 06;30 Suppl 5:192-195.
PMID: 32713567 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.052

Diabetic feet ulcer is four times more likely to be found in patients who suffer from diabetes mellitus than in those who don't. Diabetic feet ulcer is one of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus which causes defects even deaths. Diabetes mellitus in one of the ten most frequent diseases in Indonesia. According to Riskesdas (Riset Kesehatan Dasar - Basic Health Research), the increment number of patients with diabetes mellitus from 2007 up to 2013 is 330,512.1 The research is aimed to find out the effect of oral hydrotherapy on risk reduction of diabetic feet ulcer in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. The research was done by applying quasi-experimental design (pre-test and post-test design with control group). By total population sampling, there were 68 respondents who participated. About 34 of the respondents were in experimental group at Dr. Soediran Mangun Sumarso of Wonogiri, and 34 respondents were patients who had check-ups at RS PKU Muhammadiyah of Surakarta. The research result shows that oral hydrotherapy can minimize risk reduction of diabetic feet ulcer in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus significantly with p-value of 000.0 (α=0.005).
The effect of educational intervention on enhancing the empathy among nursing students

Ahmad A, Wahab H, Seman N

Enferm Clin, 2020 03;30 Suppl 3:100-103.
PMID: 32331728 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.12.038

With the revision on the concept of empathy, this study attempted to teach empathy to nursing students with the goal of to increase the students' empathy levels.
METHOD: We conducted a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent group design and incorporated empathy training, pre- and post-training empathy measurements of participants in a private nursing college (N=64). Empathy scores were measured using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (2001) and the educational intervention used was Wlodkowski and Ginsberg's Motivational Framework for Culturally Responsive Teaching (1995). Descriptive analysis and paired T-test were used to determine the effect of intervention applied.
RESULTS: The study found increased mean score for both control and experimental group during post-intervention as compared to pre-intervention mean score.
CONCLUSIONS: The result indicates the effectiveness of educational intervention in enhancing empathy among nursing students in the experimental group.
Study site: private nursing college, Malaysia
The effect of Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) therapy on the anxiety of NAPZA (narcotics, psychotropic, and other addictive substances) residents

Asmawati, Ikhlasia M, Panduragan SL

Enferm Clin, 2020 06;30 Suppl 5:206-208.
PMID: 32713570 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.055

Anxiety disorders are subjective feelings about mental tension as a general reaction and inability to overcome a problem or feeling insecure. SEFT (Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique) is a combined therapy of Spiritual Power Energy, Psychology, and Spiritual. The ability to change a person's emotional state into relaxation is used as an additional intervention for NAPZA residents who are undergoing drug rehabilitation. This study aimed to determine the effect of SEFT therapy with a decrease in anxiety levels toward NAPZA residents. This research method uses a pre-experimental quantitative design. The approach used is one-group pre-post-test design. The sampling technique is consecutive sampling with a sample of 18 respondents. The results showed that there was an effect of SEFT therapy with a decrease in anxiety level toward NAPZA residents with the value of <0.001. SEFT interventions could reduce anxiety levels toward NAPZA residents. It can be used as an additional therapy for the treatment of disease without interfering with medical treatment because health workers, families, and the general public can do it. This therapy is straightforward to do cheap and practical.
The differences of patient satisfaction level in public and private hospitals in Makassar, Indonesia

Akbar FH, Rivai F, Awang AH

Enferm Clin, 2020 10;30 Suppl 6:165-169.
PMID: 33040892 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.06.038

OBJECTIVE: To know the difference in patient satisfaction level in the dental department of public hospitals and private hospital in Makassar.
METHODS: This study was conducted in December 2017-February 2018 in the dental department of Labuang Baji, which is a government hospital and Ibnu Sina Hospital, which is a private hospital. The samples were all patients who received dental treatment. Patient satisfaction was measured using a questionnaire (PSQ-18). Data were tested using Independent T-Test and ANOVA using SPSS version 24.
RESULTS: There were significant differences in accessibility, comfort, and communication between the public and private hospitals (p<0.05); the average value of patient satisfaction was higher in private hospitals.
CONCLUSION: Patients in private hospitals are more satisfied with the health services provided by health care providers, compared to patients in public hospitals.
The differences in hemoglobin levels before and after consuming ambon bananas in students

Sadiman S, Islamiyati I, Poddar S

Enferm Clin, 2020 06;30 Suppl 5:115-118.
PMID: 32713547 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.035

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there are differences in hemoglobin levels before and after consuming ambon bananas in students of Prodi Kebidanan Metro. The specific purpose of this study was to determine hemoglobin levels before consuming ambon bananas, hemoglobin levels after consuming ambon bananas and the differences in hemoglobin levels before and after consuming ambon bananas in female students at Prodi Kebidanan Metro. This research is an intervention research with quasi experiment design with The One Group Pretest - posttest design. The population in this study were students in the first and second grade in Prodi Kebidanan Metro who lived in the dormitory as many as 149 female students. A sample of 49 people will take a portion of the population using simple random sampling technique. Data analysis used dependent sample t tests to test the mean increase in Hb levels before and after consuming ambon bananas. The results showed an average Hb level before consuming bananas at 12.51g/dl and an the average hb level after consuming bananas was 12.89g/dl, so the average increase in Hb levels was 0.39g/dl. The results of the analysis using the t-test dependent test obtained p value=0.000, which means that there are significant differences in Hb levels of students before and after consuming ambon banana.
The correlation between frequency of playing online games and teen communication on nursing students in STIKes Muhammadiyah Palembang

Aristoteles, Rini PS, Poddar S

Enferm Clin, 2020 06;30 Suppl 5:1-5.
PMID: 32713543 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.014

BACKGROUND: Communication in adolesencest is an interpersonal interaction that use symbolic linguistic system, such as a system of verbal and non-verbal symbols. Factors that influence adolescent communication include environmental factors, education, and online games.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES: To find out the correlation between frequency of playing online games and teen communication on students' Level I & II of STIKes Muhammadiyah Palembang.
RESEARCH METHOD: the research method use was quantitative descriptive research with Cross Sectional approach using Purposive Sampling as the technique of collecting data with a simple of 262 out of 760 populations. The instrument used in the form of a questionnaire about the frequency of playing online games and teen communication made by the researcher and has been tested for validity and reliability. This research was conducted in March-April 2019.
RESULT: From the results of the study, most of the respondents with 116 respondents (82.3%) had passive communication with the frequency of playing online games often, and a small number of respondents with 2 respondents (2.9%) had aggressive communication with the frequency of playing online games sometimes. The result test of Chi Square was obtained a value P value=0.000 (<0.05) CONCLUSION: There was a correlation between frequency of playing online games and teen communication on students' level I & II STIKes Muhammadiyah Palembang.
The analyze toddler growth and development according to family's economic status in Village Limau Manis, Districts Tanjung Morawa

Pangaribuan IK, Simanullang E, Poddar S

Enferm Clin, 2020 06;30 Suppl 5:92-95.
PMID: 32713594 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.029

The toddler stage is a golden period and at the same time a critical period for a child, since he / she will experience rapid brain growth and development so that he/ she need sufficient nutrition intake. Toddler's abnormal growth and development are usually found in low economic community because they cannot afford to provide their need for basic food for their toddler's growth and development. The objective of the research was to analyze toddler's growth and development according to family's economic status. The research used descriptive analytic method with cross-sectional design. It was conducted at Limau Manis Village, Tanjung Morawa Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, from January to June 2016. The population was 1899 toddlers, and 113 of them were used as the samples, taken by using simple random sampling technique. The data were gathered by using questionnaires to find out toddler's growth and development according to family's economic status. The result of univariate analysis showed that 57 toddlers (50.4%) had abnormal growth and development. The result of bivariate analysis with chi-square test showed that there was the correlation of toddler's growth and development with economic status (p value=0.004), women's care pattern (p value=0.028), and environmental sanitation (p value=0.01). Therefore, empowerment of family's economy through the development of family's nutrition portfolio is necessary.
Soft skill elements in structured clinical nursing assessment for undergraduate nursing students: A systematic review

Jamaludin TSS, Nurumal MS, Ahmad N, Muhammad SAN, Chan CM

Enferm Clin, 2021 04;31 Suppl 2:S58-S62.
PMID: 33849230 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.10.019

This systematic review aimed to appraise and synthesize the available evidence that examines the soft skill elements in clinical nursing assessment for undergraduate nursing students. This systematic review also is in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Relevant studies were identified based on the inclusion criteria with language filters but were limited to articles published from January 2000 to March 2019. Two reviewers independently conducted the quality assessment, data extraction, and analysis on all included studies. A total of 17 articles were included in this review. Studies showed that without developing adequate soft skill elements in the clinical skill assessment, students are graduating unprepared to be successful in the workplace. There is a need to consider and adopt soft skill elements in clinical skill assessment to improve the quality of nursing graduates and ultimately to create a positive impact on patient outcomes.
Simulation and novice nurses: A review

Ruslan R, Saidi S

Enferm Clin, 2019 09;29 Suppl 2:665-673.
PMID: 31324543 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.102

OBJECTIVE: To identify the existing simulation session and the impact of simulation on novice nurse.
METHOD: The articles were searched through CINAHL, Scopus, Proquest, and OVID online database. Articles published from 2000, in English and among novice nurses were selected for review. Then, a narrative review was conducted guided by what are the existing simulation session been used and the impact on novice nurse.
RESULT: Total of 19 articles been selected for review out of 272 articles. The findings of the reviewed were divided into 3 main themes. The themes are the existing simulation session, simulation as a support tool in the transition program and the impact of simulation on novice nurses.
CONCLUSION: In summary, each simulation type has its learning domain. The effectiveness of the simulation will much depend on the appropriate simulation type selection.

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