Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 210 in total

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  1. Shahbaz F, Muccee F, Shahab A, Safi SZ, Alomar SY, Qadeer A
    Front Microbiol, 2024;15:1278439.
    PMID: 38348194 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1278439
    Poultry production occupies an important place in the economy of any country. High broiler production in recent years has badly affected its profitability due to bad feed quality, excessive use of chemotherapeutic agents, emergence of diverse pathogens, and the deficiencies in management practices during rearing cycle. Microbiological improvement of the meat quality using potential probiotics can be beneficial for broiler farming. Present study was initiated to isolate chicken gastrointestinal tract (GIT) bacteria with probiotic potential. To isolate probiotics from chicken gut, alimentary canal of chickens of known sizes and ages was suspended in ringers soln. Under shaking conditions for overnight followed by serial dilutions of ringers soln. Bacterial isolates were analyzed via growth curve analysis, biochemical testing using RapID™ NF Plus Panel kit, molecular characterization, antimicrobial activity assay, antibiotic sensitivity assay, GIT adherence assay, bile salt and gastric acid resistant assay, and cholesterol assimilation assay. Four bacteria isolated in present study were identified as Limosilactobacillus antri strain PUPro1, Lactobacillus delbrueckii strain PUPro2, Lacticaseibacillus casei strain PUPro3, and Ligilactobacillus salivarius strain PUPro4. L. delbrueckii strain PUPro2 grew extremely fast. All isolates exhibited exceptional resistance to increasing concentrations of NaCl and bile salts with value of p >0.5. L. delbrueckii strain PUPro2 adhered to chicken ileum epithelial cells and demonstrated the highest viable counts of 320 colony forming units (CFUs). Antagonistic action was found in all isolates against P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, B. proteus, and S. aureus, with value of p >0.5. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed sensitivity to all the antibiotics used. Cholesterol assimilation was detected in all bacteria, with values ranging from 216.12 to 192.2 mg/dL. All isolates exhibited γ-hemolysis. In future, these bacteria might be tested for their impact on broilers meat quality and growth and can be recommended for their use as supplements for broilers diet with positive impact on poultry production.
  2. Rheman S, Hossain S, Sarker MS, Akter F, Khor L, Gan HM, et al.
    Front Microbiol, 2024;15:1329620.
    PMID: 38516018 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1329620
    Wet markets in low-and middle-income countries are often reported to have inadequate sanitation resulting in fecal contamination of sold produce. Consumption of contaminated wet market-sourced foods has been linked to individual illness and disease outbreaks. This pilot study, conducted in two major wet markets in Dhaka city, Bangladesh during a 4-month period in 2021 aimed to assess the occurrence and characteristics of Escherichia coli and non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. (NTS) from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Fifty-four individuals of each species were collected. The identity of the bacterial isolates was confirmed by PCR and their susceptibility toward 15 antimicrobials was tested by disk diffusion. The whole genome of 15 E. coli and nine Salmonella spp. were sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technology. E. coli was present in 60-74% of tilapia muscle tissue and 41-44% of shrimp muscle tissue. Salmonella spp. was found in skin (29%) and gills (26%) of tilapia, and occasionally in muscle and intestinal samples of shrimp. The E. coli had several Multilocus sequence typing and serotypes and limited antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants, such as point mutations on glpT and pmrB. One E. coli (BD17) from tilapia carried resistance genes for beta-lactams, quinolones, and tetracycline. All the E. coli belonged to commensal phylogroups B1 and A and showed no Shiga-toxin and other virulence genes, confirming their commensal non-pathogenic status. Among the Salmonella isolates, five belonged to Kentucky serovar and had similar AMR genes and phenotypic resistance patterns. Three strains of this serovar were ST198, often associated with human disease, carried the same resistance genes, and were genetically related to strains from the region. The two undetermined sequence types of S. Kentucky were distantly related and positioned in a separate phylogenetic clade. Two Brunei serovar isolates, one Augustenborg isolate, and one Hartford isolate showed different resistance profiles. This study revealed high fecal contamination levels in tilapia and shrimp sold at two main wet markets in Dhaka. Together with the occurrence of Salmonella spp., including S. Kentucky ST198, a well-known human pathogen, these results stress the need to improve hygienic practices and sanitation standards at markets to improve food safety and protect consumer health.
  3. Khoshnood S, Negahdari B, Kaviar VH, Sadeghifard N, Abdullah MA, El-Shazly M, et al.
    Front Microbiol, 2023;14:1083330.
    PMID: 36846798 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1083330
    Encapsulation of amoxicillin (AMX) for drug delivery against Helicobacter pylori infection and aspirin-induced ulcers in rat's stomachs was performed using docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-loaded chitosan/alginate (CA) nanoparticles (NPs) developed by ionotropic gelation method. The physicochemical analyses of the composite NPs were performed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy. The encapsulation efficiency of AMX was increased to 76% by incorporating DHA, which resulted in a reduction in the particle size. The formed CA-DHA-AMX NPs effectively adhered to the bacteria and rat gastric mucosa. Their antibacterial properties were more potent than those of the single AMX and CA-DHA NPs as demonstrated by the in vivo assay. The composite NPs attained higher mucoadhesive potential during food intake than during fasting (p = 0.029). At 10 and 20 mg/kg AMX, the CA-AMX-DHA showed more potent activities against H. pylori than the CA-AMX, CA-DHA, and single AMX. The in vivo study showed that the effective dose of AMX was lower when DHA was included, indicating better drug delivery and stability of the encapsulated AMX. Both mucosal thickening and ulcer index were significantly higher in the groups receiving CA-DHA-AMX than in the groups receiving CA-AMX and single AMX. The presence of DHA declines the pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17A. The synergistic effects of AMX and the CA-DHA formulation increased the biocidal activities against H. pylori infection and improved ulcer healing properties.
  4. Tian F, He J, Shang S, Chen Z, Tang Y, Lu M, et al.
    Front Microbiol, 2023;14:1105786.
    PMID: 36910188 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1105786
    Mosquitoes are capable of carrying complex pathogens, and their feeding habits on the mammalian blood can easily mediate the spread of viruses. Surveillance of mosquito-based arbovirus enables the early prevention and control of mosquito-borne arboviral diseases. The climate and geography of Yunnan Province in China are ideal for mosquitoes. Yunnan shares borders with several other countries; therefore, there exists a high risk of international transmission of mosquito-mediated infectious diseases. Previous studies have focused more on the Sino-Laos and Sino-Myanmar borders. Therefore, we focused on the neighborhoods of Malipo and Funing counties in Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, which are located along the Sino-Vietnam border, to investigate the species of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viruses in the residential areas of this region. This study collected 10,800 mosquitoes from 29 species of 8 genera and grouped to isolate mosquito-borne viruses. In total, 62 isolates were isolated and classified into 11 viral categories. We demonstrated a new distribution of mosquito-borne viruses among mosquitoes in border areas, including Tembusu and Getah viruses, which can cause animal outbreaks. In addition, Dak Nong and Sarawak viruses originating from Vietnam and Malaysia, respectively, were identified for the first time in China, highlighting the complexity of mosquito-borne viruses in the Sino-Vietnam border region. The awareness of the importance of viral surveillance and prevention measures in border areas should be further encouraged to prevent future outbreaks of potentially infectious diseases.
  5. Dasila H, Sah VK, Jaggi V, Kumar A, Tewari L, Taj G, et al.
    Front Microbiol, 2023;14:1135693.
    PMID: 37025630 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1135693
    It is well-known that phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) promote crop growth and yield. The information regarding characterization of PSB isolated from agroforestry systems and their impact on wheat crops under field conditions is rarely known. In the present study, we aim to develop psychrotroph-based P biofertilizers, and for that, four PSB strains (Pseudomonas sp. L3, Pseudomonas sp. P2, Streptomyces sp. T3, and Streptococcus sp. T4) previously isolated from three different agroforestry zones and already screened for wheat growth under pot trial conditions were evaluated on wheat crop under field conditions. Two field experiments were employed; set 1 includes PSB + recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) and set 2 includes PSB - RDF. In both field experiments, the response of the PSB-treated wheat crop was significantly higher compared to the uninoculated control. In field set 1, an increase of 22% in grain yield (GY), 16% in biological yield (BY), and 10% in grain per spike (GPS) was observed in consortia (CNS, L3 + P2) treatment, followed by L3 and P2 treatments. Inoculation of PSB mitigates soil P deficiency as it positively influences soil alkaline phosphatase (AP) and soil acid phosphatase (AcP) activity which positively correlated with grain NPK %. The highest grain NPK % was reported in CNS-treated wheat with RDF (N-0.26%, P-0.18%, and K-1.66%) and without RDF (N-0.27, P-0.26, and K-1.46%), respectively. All parameters, including soil enzyme activities, plant agronomic data, and yield data were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), resulting in the selection of two PSB strains. The conditions for optimal P solubilization, in L3 (temperature-18.46, pH-5.2, and glucose concentration-0.8%) and P2 (temperature-17°C, pH-5.0, and glucose concentration-0.89%), were obtained through response surface methodology (RSM) modeling. The P solubilizing potential of selected strains at <20°C makes them a suitable candidate for the development of psychrotroph-based P biofertilizers. Low-temperature P solubilization of the PSB strains from agroforestry systems makes them potential biofertilizers for winter crops.
  6. Wong ML, Zulzahrin Z, Vythilingam I, Lau YL, Sam IC, Fong MY, et al.
    Front Microbiol, 2023;14:1135977.
    PMID: 37025644 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1135977
    The complex transmission profiles of vector-borne zoonoses (VZB) and vector-borne infections with animal reservoirs (VBIAR) complicate efforts to break the transmission circuit of these infections. To control and eliminate VZB and VBIAR, insecticide application may not be conducted easily in all circumstances, particularly for infections with sylvatic transmission cycle. As a result, alternative approaches have been considered in the vector management against these infections. In this review, we highlighted differences among the environmental, chemical, and biological control approaches in vector management, from the perspectives of VZB and VBIAR. Concerns and knowledge gaps pertaining to the available control approaches were discussed to better understand the prospects of integrating these vector control approaches to synergistically break the transmission of VZB and VBIAR in humans, in line with the integrated vector management (IVM) developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2004.
  7. Phang WK, Hamid MHBA, Jelip J, Mudin RNB, Chuang TW, Lau YL, et al.
    Front Microbiol, 2023;14:1126418.
    PMID: 36876062 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1126418
    The emergence of potentially life-threatening zoonotic malaria caused by Plasmodium knowlesi nearly two decades ago has continued to challenge Malaysia healthcare. With a total of 376 P. knowlesi infections notified in 2008, the number increased to 2,609 cases in 2020 nationwide. Numerous studies have been conducted in Malaysian Borneo to determine the association between environmental factors and knowlesi malaria transmission. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the environmental influence on knowlesi malaria transmission in Peninsular Malaysia. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the ecological distribution of human P. knowlesi malaria in relation to environmental factors in Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 2,873 records of human P. knowlesi infections in Peninsular Malaysia from 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2019 were collated from the Ministry of Health Malaysia and geolocated. Three machine learning-based models, maximum entropy (MaxEnt), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and ensemble modeling approach, were applied to predict the spatial variation of P. knowlesi disease risk. Multiple environmental parameters including climate factors, landscape characteristics, and anthropogenic factors were included as predictors in both predictive models. Subsequently, an ensemble model was developed based on the output of both MaxEnt and XGBoost. Comparison between models indicated that the XGBoost has higher performance as compared to MaxEnt and ensemble model, with AUCROC values of 0.933 ± 0.002 and 0.854 ± 0.007 for train and test datasets, respectively. Key environmental covariates affecting human P. knowlesi occurrence were distance to the coastline, elevation, tree cover, annual precipitation, tree loss, and distance to the forest. Our models indicated that the disease risk areas were mainly distributed in low elevation (75-345 m above mean sea level) areas along the Titiwangsa mountain range and inland central-northern region of Peninsular Malaysia. The high-resolution risk map of human knowlesi malaria constructed in this study can be further utilized for multi-pronged interventions targeting community at-risk, macaque populations, and mosquito vectors.
  8. Phang WK, Hamid MHBA, Jelip J, Mudin RNB, Chuang TW, Lau YL, et al.
    Front Microbiol, 2023;14:1178864.
    PMID: 37007492 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1178864
    [This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1126418.].
  9. Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Uroz S, Gao T, Li J, He F, et al.
    Front Microbiol, 2023;14:1257905.
    PMID: 37808313 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1257905
    The successful large-scale cultivation of morel mushrooms (Morchella sextelata) requires a comprehensive understanding of the soil bacterial communities associated with morel-farming beds, as the interactions between fungi and bacteria play a crucial role in shaping the soil microbiome. In this study, we investigated the temporal distribution and ecological characteristics of soil bacteria associated with morel fruiting bodies at different stages, specifically the conidial and primordial stages, under two cropping regimes, non-continuous cropping (NCC) and continuous cropping (CC). Our findings revealed a significant reduction in the yield of morel primordia during the third year following 2 years of CC (0.29 ± 0.25 primordia/grid), in comparison to the NCC regime (12.39 ± 6.09 primordia/grid). Furthermore, inoculation with morel mycelia had a notable impact on soil bacterial diversity, decreasing it in the NCC regime and increasing the number of generalist bacterial members in the CC regime. The latter regime also led to the accumulation of nutrients in the soil beds, resulting in a shift from a stochastic to a deterministic process in the composition of the bacterial community, which differed from the NCC regime. Additionally, mycelial inoculation had a positive effect on the abundance of potential copiotrophic/denitrifying and N-fixing bacteria while decreasing the abundance of oligotrophic/nitrifying bacteria. Interestingly, this effect was more pronounced in the NCC regime than in the CC regime. These results suggest that the increase in potential copiotrophic/denitrifying and N-fixing bacteria facilitated the decomposition of nutrients in exogenous nutrient bags by morel mushrooms, thereby maintaining nitrogen balance in the soil. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the interactions between morel mycelia and the associated soil bacteriome as well as the influence of different cultivation regimes on these interactions. These findings contribute to our understanding of the complex dynamics of the soil microbiome and can inform strategies for optimizing morel mushroom cultivation.
  10. Rawi MH, Tan HY, Sarbini SR
    Front Microbiol, 2023;14:1245042.
    PMID: 37881253 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1245042
    Commercial acacia gum (AG) used in this study is a premium-grade free-flowing powder. It is a gummy exudate composed of arabinogalactan branched polysaccharide, a biopolymer of arabinose and galactose. Also known as food additive, acacia gum (E414), which is presently marketed as a functional dietary fiber to improve overall human gut health. The health effects may be related to the luminal pH regulation from the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production. Studies suggested that amylolytic and butyrogenic pathways are the major factors determining the SCFA outcome of AG in the lower gut. However, the primary bacteria involved in the fermentation have not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the putative primary degraders of acacia gum in the gut ecosystem. Isolation and identification of gum-fermenting bacteria were performed through enrichment culture fermentation. The experiment was conducted in an anaerobic chamber for 144 h in three stages. The study was conducted in triplicate using an anaerobic chamber system. This culture system allows specific responses to support only bacteria that are responsible for gum fermentation among the gut microbiota. Five bacterial strains were isolated and found to be gum-fermenting bacteria. Based on the 16s RNA sequence, the isolates matched to butyrate-producing Escherichia fergusonii, ATCC 35469.
  11. Su ZY, Siak PY, Leong CO, Cheah SC
    Front Microbiol, 2023;14:1116143.
    PMID: 36846758 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1116143
    Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a metastasis-prone malignancy closely associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Despite ubiquitous infection of EBV worldwide, NPC incidences displayed predominance in certain ethnic groups and endemic regions. The majority of NPC patients are diagnosed with advanced-stage disease, as a result of anatomical isolation and non-specific clinical manifestation. Over the decades, researchers have gained insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying NPC pathogenesis as a result of the interplay of EBV infection with several environmental and genetic factors. EBV-associated biomarkers were also used for mass population screening for the early detection of NPC. EBV and its encoded products also serve as potential targets for the development of therapeutic strategies and tumour-specific drug delivery. This review will discuss the pathogenic role of EBV in NPC and efforts in exploiting the potential of EBV-associated molecules as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The current knowledge on the role of EBV and its associated products in NPC tumorigenesis, development and progression will offer a new outlook and potential intervention strategy against this EBV-associated malignancy.
  12. Al-Turki A, Murali M, Omar AF, Rehan M, Sayyed RZ
    Front Microbiol, 2023;14:1214845.
    PMID: 37829451 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1214845
    The present crisis at hand revolves around the need to enhance plant resilience to various environmental stresses, including abiotic and biotic stresses, to ensure sustainable agriculture and mitigate the impact of climate change on crop production. One such promising approach is the utilization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to mediate plant resilience to these stresses. Plants are constantly exposed to various stress factors, such as drought, salinity, pathogens, and nutrient deficiencies, which can significantly reduce crop yield and quality. The PGPR are beneficial microbes that reside in the rhizosphere of plants and have been shown to positively influence plant growth and stress tolerance through various mechanisms, including nutrient solubilization, phytohormone production, and induction of systemic resistance. The review comprehensively examines the various mechanisms through which PGPR promotes plant resilience, including nutrient acquisition, hormonal regulation, and defense induction, focusing on recent research findings. The advancements made in the field of PGPR-mediated resilience through multi-omics approaches (viz., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) to unravel the intricate interactions between PGPR and plants have been discussed including their molecular pathways involved in stress tolerance. Besides, the review also emphasizes the importance of continued research and implementation of PGPR-based strategies to address the pressing challenges facing global food security including commercialization of PGPR-based bio-formulations for sustainable agricultural.
  13. Akash S, Baeza J, Mahmood S, Mukerjee N, Subramaniyan V, Islam MR, et al.
    Front Microbiol, 2023;14:1206872.
    PMID: 37497547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1206872
    The Lassa virus (LASV), an RNA virus prevalent in West and Central Africa, causes severe hemorrhagic fever with a high fatality rate. However, no FDA-approved treatments or vaccines exist. Two crucial proteins, LASV glycoprotein and nucleoprotein, play vital roles in pathogenesis and are potential therapeutic targets. As effective treatments for many emerging infections remain elusive, cutting-edge drug development approaches are essential, such as identifying molecular targets, screening lead molecules, and repurposing existing drugs. Bioinformatics and computational biology expedite drug discovery pipelines, using data science to identify targets, predict structures, and model interactions. These techniques also facilitate screening leads with optimal drug-like properties, reducing time, cost, and complexities associated with traditional drug development. Researchers have employed advanced computational drug design methods such as molecular docking, pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness, and molecular dynamics simulation to investigate evodiamine derivatives as potential LASV inhibitors. The results revealed remarkable binding affinities, with many outperforming standard compounds. Additionally, molecular active simulation data suggest stability when bound to target receptors. These promising findings indicate that evodiamine derivatives may offer superior pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness properties, serving as a valuable resource for professionals developing synthetic drugs to combat the Lassa virus.
  14. Liao Q, Ye Y, Li Z, Chen H, Zhuo L
    Front Microbiol, 2023;14:1170559.
    PMID: 37187536 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1170559
    MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA molecular fragments that regulate gene expression by targeting and inhibiting the expression of specific RNAs. Due to the fact that microRNAs affect many diseases in microbial ecology, it is necessary to predict microRNAs' association with diseases at the microbial level. To this end, we propose a novel model, termed as GCNA-MDA, where dual-autoencoder and graph convolutional network (GCN) are integrated to predict miRNA-disease association. The proposed method leverages autoencoders to extract robust representations of miRNAs and diseases and meantime exploits GCN to capture the topological information of miRNA-disease networks. To alleviate the impact of insufficient information for the original data, the association similarity and feature similarity data are combined to calculate a more complete initial basic vector of nodes. The experimental results on the benchmark datasets demonstrate that compared with the existing representative methods, the proposed method has achieved the superior performance and its precision reaches up to 0.8982. These results demonstrate that the proposed method can serve as a tool for exploring miRNA-disease associations in microbial environments.
  15. Zhang X, Liang Y, Zheng K, Wang Z, Dong Y, Liu Y, et al.
    Front Microbiol, 2023;14:1161265.
    PMID: 37213492 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1161265
    INTRODUCTION: Vibrio is an important bacterial genus containing many pathogenic species. Although more and more Vibrio phages were isolated, the genome, ecology and evolution of Vibrio phages and their roles in bacteriophage therapy, have not been fully revealed.

    METHODS: Novel Vibrio phage vB_ValR_NF infecting Vibrio alginolyticus was isolated from the coastal waters of Qingdao during the Ulva prolifera blooms, Characterization and genomic feature of phage vB_ValR_NF has been analysed using phage isolation, sequencing and metagenome method.

    RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Phage vB_ValR_NF has a siphoviral morphology (icosahedral head 114±1 nm in diameter; a tail length of 231±1 nm), a short latent period (30 minutes) and a large burst size (113 virions per cell), and the thermal/pH stability study showed that phage vB_ValR_NF was highly tolerant to a range of pHs (4-12) and temperatures (-20 - 45 °C), respectively. Host range analysis suggests that phage vB_ValR_NF not only has a high inhibitory ability against the host strain V. alginolyticus, but also can infect 7 other Vibrio strains. In addition, the phage vB_ValR_NF has a double-stranded 44, 507 bp DNA genome, with 43.10 % GC content and 75 open reading frames. Three auxiliary metabolic genes associated with aldehyde dehydrogenase, serine/threonine protein phosphatase and calcineurin-like phosphoesterase were predicted, might help the host V. alginolyticus occupy the survival advantage, thus improving the survival chance of phage vB_ValR_NF under harsh conditions. This point can be supported by the higher abundance of phage vB_ValR_NF during the U. prolifera blooms than in other marine environments. Further phylogenetic and genomic analysis shows that the viral group represented by Vibrio phage vB_ValR_NF is different from other well-defined reference viruses, and can be classified into a new family, named Ruirongviridae. In general, as a new marine phage infecting V. alginolyticus, phage vB_ValR_NF provides basic information for further molecular research on phage-host interactions and evolution, and may unravel a novel insight into changes in the community structure of organisms during the U. prolifera blooms. At the same time, its high tolerance to extreme conditions and excellent bactericidal ability will become important reference factors when evaluating the potential of phage vB_ValR_NF in bacteriophage therapy in the future.

  16. Ibrahim I, Salehmin MNI, Balachandran K, Hil Me MF, Loh KS, Abu Bakar MH, et al.
    Front Microbiol, 2023;14:1192187.
    PMID: 37520357 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1192187
    Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is an emerging electrochemical technology currently being researched as a CO2 sequestration method to address climate change. MES can convert CO2 from pollution or waste materials into various carbon compounds with low energy requirements using electrogenic microbes as biocatalysts. However, the critical component in this technology, the cathode, still needs to perform more effectively than other conventional CO2 reduction methods because of poor selectivity, complex metabolism pathways of microbes, and high material cost. These characteristics lead to the weak interactions of microbes and cathode electrocatalytic activities. These approaches range from cathode modification using conventional engineering approaches to new fabrication methods. Aside from cathode development, the operating procedure also plays a critical function and strategy to optimize electrosynthesis production in reducing operating costs, such as hybridization and integration of MES. If this technology could be realized, it would offer a new way to utilize excess CO2 from industries and generate profitable commodities in the future to replace fossil fuel-derived products. In recent years, several potential approaches have been tested and studied to boost the capabilities of CO2-reducing bio-cathodes regarding surface morphology, current density, and biocompatibility, which would be further elaborated. This compilation aims to showcase that the achievements of MES have significantly improved and the future direction this is going with some recommendations. Highlights - MES approach in carbon sequestration using the biotic component.- The role of microbes as biocatalysts in MES and their metabolic pathways are discussed.- Methods and materials used to modify biocathode for enhancing CO2 reduction are presented.
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