Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 92 in total

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  1. Bokari S, Prepageran N, Raman R
    PMID: 23120679 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-010-0004-x
    OBJECTIVE: To determine if visual analog scale (VAS) that has been used to measure magnitude of internal states such as pain, mood and various functional capabilities can be applied for patients with hearing loss.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and sixty patients, aged 12-80 years with unilateral hearing loss were studied using a VAS (1-10) and pure tone audiometry (PTA) of responses to 500, 1,000 and 2,000 Hz to determine degree and type of hearing loss. The results of both were compared to determine if VAS can be used in measuring hearing loss.

    RESULTS: Patients with mild, moderate hearing loss correlate well with corresponding VAS but other degrees of hearing loss (severe and profound) have poor correlation. The best correlation between PTA and VAS were found in conductive type of hearing loss.

    CONCLUSION: This study suggest that there may be a role for VAS in mild and moderate hearing loss. This may be more applicable in rural setting as a screening procedure when audiometry is not available and can enhance clinical hearing assessment especially in mild-to-moderate conductive hearing loss.

  2. Mohamed Daud A, Mat Baki M, Azman M, Kamaruzaman E, Mohamed AS
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2019 Oct;71(Suppl 1):118-120.
    PMID: 31741945 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-017-1146-x
    Respiratory distress after thyroidectomy and thymectomy can be challenging. We encountered a 70-year-old lady with a long-standing goiter with concomitant thymoma. She underwent the surgery and developed respiratory distress upon extubation with loss of laryngeal sensation causing severe aspiration. She was diagnosed myasthenia gravis and symptoms resolved with MG treatments.
  3. Sim L, Othman NAN, Hoe KC, Saad MSM
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2022 Dec;74(Suppl 3):3819-3823.
    PMID: 36742613 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02662-1
    Facial nerve palsy is one of the complications of temporal bone fracture. Several approaches can be used for facial nerve decompression which include the middle cranial fossa approach, transmastoid approach and translabyrinthine approach. When the site of injury is identified at the tympanic segment and perigeniculate area, total transcanal endoscopic approach (TTEA) is an excellent surgical option. This approach is safe and less invasive avoiding external incision and mastoid drilling. Our patient showed recovery to House-Brackmann grade II facial function and reduction of the air-bone gap 6 months after the surgery.
  4. Retinasekharan S, Dompok TM, Mansor M
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2022 Oct;74(Suppl 2):2649-2651.
    PMID: 36452743 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02371-9
    External laryngeal trauma is a rather rare occurrence, and comprises a varying severity of injuries. Every laryngeal injury is unique and the management can be invariably complex. For the most severe forms of external laryngeal trauma, reparative procedures and laryngeal stenting (after control of the airway) are considered standard treatment. We present a case of a complex laryngeal trauma with extensive loss of tracheal cartilage and soft tissues which was treated with total laryngectomy.
  5. Dipak S, Prepageran N, Haslinda S, Atiya A, Raman R
    PMID: 22319710 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-010-0067-8
    To assess if sensation of nasal mucosa affect the subjective sensation of nasal patency. This is a case control study with 50 patients, using 2% lignocaine as the active drug and normal saline as the placebo (2 groups of 25 patients each). Each subject had 2 ml of solution sprayed into the test nose. These subjects had no prior nasal symptoms, allergy or surgery. They were evaluated subjectively using Likert scale and objectively by acoustic rhinometry before and after lignocaine or normal saline. The patients in both normal saline and lignocaine groups demonstrated no significant change based upon Likert scale. The study also demonstrated the mean cross sectional area 1 (CSA1), mean cross sectional area 2 (CSA2), with mean Volume 1 and mean Volume 2, these results did not vary significantly in both groups with Acoustic Rhinometry. The analysis thus shows that the use of topical anesthetic spray on nasal mucosa produces no objective effect on nasal resistance or subjective sensation of altered nasal patency. Thus the study concludes that, tactile sensation of nasal mucosa does not play a role in the sensation of nasal obstruction.
  6. Chew CC, Lim XJ, Narayanan MS, Letchumanan P, Rajan P, Chong CP
    PMID: 37362103 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03896-x
    AIMS: This study aims to determine the trend of allergic rhinitis (AR) prevalence in a tertiary hospital between 2017 and 2022, and to compare its prevalence pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic.

    METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving the extraction of all Malaysian patients' medical records who were diagnosed with AR and attended the otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic of a government-funded tertiary hospital in Malaysia between 2017 and 2022.

    RESULTS: 3,744 cases out of the 57,968 first-encounter outpatient visits to the otorhinolaryngology clinic were extracted for analysis. Overall, the prevalence of AR cases ranged from 1.83 to 9.23% between 2017 and 2022. There was a significant drop of 21.38 to 70.22% between the pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic (p 

  7. Velayutham J, Narayanan D
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2022 Oct;74(Suppl 2):2620-2622.
    PMID: 36452706 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-02324-8
    Phlebectasia is the abnormal saccular fusiform dilatation (without tortuosity) of a vein, which may affect any vein. Its etiology remains unknown and it is seen usually in the pediatric age group as a unilateral lower neck swelling, mostly on the right side. The other differential diagnoses of the neck swellings which increase in size during a Valsalva manoeuver are tumors or cysts of the upper mediastinum, external laryngeal diverticulum or laryngoceles. Our case report has highlighted the importance of understanding the nature of this lesion by using non-invasive radiological diagnostic modalities (USG), in order to avoid invasive investigations which can lead to catastrophic results. Case report. We describe a case of five year old boy with history of inguinal hernia repair a year ago presented with intermittent right sided neck swelling since he was two years old. His examination at rest was normal. However, with the Valsalva manoeuver a soft, painless, compressible swelling which appeared in the right lower neck was seen, which was not attached to the deep structures. Flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscope revealed normal laryngeal finding. Initial ultrasound finding revealed normal looking cervical lymph nodes bilaterally with no suspicious cystic lesion or collection. Patient then arranged for MRI neck where there are multiple bilateral subcentimeter cervical lymph nodes. However, repeated ultrasound neck while performing Valsalva manoeuver by patient showed sonographic features in keeping with bilateral internal jugular veins phlebectasia. Patient then was referred to pediatric surgeon for further management. A clinical diagnosis can be achieved by having a strong suspicion about this intermittent neck mass. It should be evaluated with non-invasive radiological modalities to avoid the possible catastrophic results which result from invasive techniques.
  8. Tan SN, Gendeh HS, Gendeh BS, Ramzisham AR
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2019 Nov;71(Suppl 3):1683-1686.
    PMID: 31763224 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-015-0918-4
    Hemangioma is a disease of head and neck commonly, but its presence in the nasal cavity or sinus is rare. It is a form of benign tumour of vascular origin consisting of predominantly blood vessels. It can be categorized into capillary, cavernous and mixed type in accordance to its histopathology features. Retrospectively, we reviewed five cases of nasal hemangioma presenting at University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC) between September 2007 and May 2015. Information on the patients age, gender, ethnicity, clinical symptoms, imaging findings (if available), treatment modalities were collected retrospectively for analysis. Five patients were analysed. Females were more affected than male with ratio of 4:1. All patients presented with unilateral lobular capillary hemangioma of the nasal cavity with 60 % (3/5) of the lesions on the right side and 40 % (2/5) on the left side. The common symptoms at presentation were epitaxis and nasal obstruction (5/5, 100 %), followed by rhinorrhea (3/5, 60 %) and facial pain (1/5, 20 %). All the patients underwent a surgical excision of the hemangioma. The five patients had no recurrence on subsequent follow ups. Computed tomography of paranasal sinuses can be performed to exclude bony erosions. Endoscopic sinus haemangioma excision provide good visualisation and better outcomes. In conclusion, nasal hemangioma should always be differential diagnosis for nasal lesions and surgical excision is still the preferred first line treatment.
  9. Asma A, Abdul Fatah AW, Hamzaini AH, Mazita A
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2013 Dec;65(Suppl 3):526-31.
    PMID: 24427708 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-011-0438-9
    In managing patient with congenital congenital aural atresia (CAA), preoperative high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan and hearing assessment are important. A grading system based on HRCT findings was first introduced by Jahrsdoefer in order to select appropriate candidates for operation and to predict the postoperative hearing outcome in CAA patients. The score of eight and more was considered as a good prognostic factor for hearing reconstruction surgery. However previously in our center this score was not used as the criteria for surgical procedure. This study was conducted at Center A to evaluate the correlation between pre and postoperative hearing level with HRCT based on a Jahrsdoefer grading system in patients with CAA. All records and HRCT films with CAA from January 1997 until December 2007 at Center A were evaluated. The demographic data, operative records, pre and post operative hearing levels and HRCT findings were analyzed. Hearing level in this study was based on a pure tone average of air-bone gap at 500 Hz, 1 kHz and 2 kHz or hearing level obtained from auditory brainstem response eudiometry. This study was approved by Research Ethics Committee (code number, FF-197-2008). Thirty-two ears were retrospectively evaluated. The postoperative hearing level of 30 dB and less was considered as successful hearing result postoperatively. Of the six ears which underwent canalplasty, three had achieved successful hearing result. However, there was no significant correlation between preoperative hearing level (HL) with HRCT score and postoperative HL with HRCT score at 0.05 significant levels (correlation coefficient = -0.292, P = 0.105 and correlation coefficient = -0.127, P = 0.810) respectively. Hearing evaluation and HRCT temporal bone are two independent evaluations for the patients with CAA before going for hearing reconstructive surgery.
  10. Subramaniam D, Saniasiaya J, Kulasegarah J
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2023 Jun;75(2):1271-1273.
    PMID: 37275052 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-022-03383-9
    BACKGROUND: Foreign body ingestion involving the paediatric age group is a common emergency referral encountered by Otorhinolaryngologists. The cervical oesophagus has been noted as the most prevalent site of impaction. Traditionally, a rigid oesophagoscopy would be required for examination under anaesthesia and removal of the foreign body is found, but this method may miss foreign bodies that are embedded into the mucosa, and faulty technique may result in perforation of the esophagus. Method and results: We present a suspension microesophagoscopy technique using a Lindholm laryngoscope and suspension to retract and suspend the opening of the oesophagus. Conclusion: This technique not only gives the surgeon an advantage to perform a two-handed procedure but also allows for a magnified examination of the oesophageal mucosa with the help of a rigid telescope for a thorough examination.

    BULLET POINT SUMMARY: The best diagnostic and therapeutic method for the management of foreign body in the oesophagus is examination under anaesthesia.Suspension microesophagoscopy can be done in the operation theatre with pre-existing instrument.This technique allows freedom for a two-handed technique.This technique gives a magnified visualisation of the mucosa revealing any embedded foreign body.

    SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-022-03383-9.

  11. Asma A, Ubaidah MA, Hasan SS, Wan Fazlina WH, Lim BY, Saim L, et al.
    PMID: 24427576 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-013-0621-2
    Bone anchored hearing aid (Baha) implant is an option for patient with canal atresia, single sided deafness(SSD) and chronically discharging ears despite treatments. This retrospective study was conducted from 2001 to 2011 to evaluate the surgical outcome of Baha implant surgery. Thirty-three patients were identified during this study period. Their age at implantation ranged from 5 to 40 years. Of 33 patients, 29 (87.9 %) patients had bilateral microtia and canal atresia, 3 (9.1 %) patients had unilateral microtia and canal atresia and 1 (3.0 %) patients have SSD following labyrinthitis. One patient (3.2 %) had major complication which is lost of implant due to failure of osseointegration. Soft tissue reactions were seen 7 patients (21.1 %). Of these 7 patients, 4 patients required 3-4 procedures as day care operation for excision of the skin overgrowth surrounding the abutment. Recurrent antibiotic treatment was required in 3 patients (9.7 %). None of our patient had history of intraoperative or peri-operative complication following Baha surgery. The commonest complications are local infection and inflammation at the implant site. None of our patient had history of intraoperative or peri-operative complication following Baha implant surgery.
  12. Al-Yahya SN, Saifudin N, Rahim NA, Mansor M, Din S, Bakar NS
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2022 Dec;74(Suppl 3):5172-5176.
    PMID: 36742766 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-03027-4
    Laryngeal schwannomas are rare lesions that represent less than 1.5% of all benign laryngeal tumors. Its slow and submucosal growth may cause a delay in consultation and management. Herein, a case of right supraglottic schwannoma is diagnosed in a 34-year-old lady who was unconcerned about hoarseness for 10 years. She was referred to otorhinolaryngology clinic for assessment when hoarseness was detected during consultation for a gynecology surgery. Apart from hoarseness, there were no noisy breathing, shortness of breath or aspiration symptoms. Flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscopy showed a submucosal bulge at the right vestibular fold obscuring the vocal fold causing an airway concern. Computer tomography scan of the neck revealed a heterogenous enhancing mass centered at the right supraglottis measuring 2.6 × 2.7 × 2.7 cm. There were no erosions of the adjacent thyroid and arytenoid cartilages. Subsequently, complete excision of the lesion was done endoscopically. Definitive diagnosis of schwannoma was obtained via histopathology examination. This paper presents our approach and operative steps in the excision of this lesion using microlaryngoscopy with cold instruments.
  13. Raman R, Omar R
    PMID: 22754818 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-011-0155-4
    An instrument has been designed to combine a suction and an elevator for use in ear surgery.
  14. Jaafar NA, Hussain FA, Mat Lazim N
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2024 Feb;76(1):1220-1223.
    PMID: 38440494 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04228-9
    Extraosseous plasmacytoma, a rare plasma cell neoplasm, was observed in a 52-year-old male with uncommon presentation in the oropharynx with cervical lymph node involvement. The patient presented with dysphonia and left neck swelling. This case report primarily focuses on the management, resulting in a successful treatment through radiotherapy.
  15. Razali SSCM, Mohd NKN, Ibrahim FM, Hamid SSA
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2024 Feb;76(1):1298-1301.
    PMID: 38440478 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04273-4
    Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are one of the congenital malformations of the lymphatic system in the body. The patient usually presents with head and neck swelling, airway compression, and/or airway obstruction. The diagnosis of retropharyngeal LMs can be challenging due to their rare occurrence. We report a case of a five-month-old boy diagnosed with retropharyngeal LMs. He presented with a three-day history of fever, cough, and stridor and was initially treated for acute bronchiolitis. A lateral neck radiograph revealed prevertebral widening, suggesting retropharyngeal collection. The patient's condition worsened, requiring intubation in the operating room and proceeding with aspirations and drainage. However, the symptoms recurred after a few days, necessitating re-intubation, repeated aspirations and drainage procedures. The patient was intubated, and the neck's magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed retropharyngeal LMs. An elective tracheostomy was performed and was treated with sirolimus. The patient had a successful tracheostomy decannulation and showed no recurrence during follow-up.
  16. See GB, Mesran I
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2019 Oct;71(Suppl 1):45-48.
    PMID: 31741928 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-016-0992-2
    Subglottic cysts (SGCs) are a rare cause of airway obstruction in children. Medical advances, higher survival rates for preterm infants, and improved diagnostic equipment have increased the number of reported cases of SGCs over the last three decades, the majority occurring in infants who had been extremely premature neonates and had suffered from respiratory distress, therefore having been intubated and managed in neonatal ICUs. Symptoms of laryngeal cysts depend on the size and the location of the cyst and include a change in the tone of voice, dysphonia, hoarseness, dysphagia, stridor, and dyspnea. This condition is often misdiagnosed as laryngomalacia, asthma, croup, or other diseases, due to the fact that it manifests as recurring respiratory infections, stridor, and wheezing. Death can occur in severe cases that are not treated. When present, it may account for severe inspiratory stridor that compromise the airway. The accepted gold standard treatment is direct laryngoscopy with marsupialization of the cyst to prevent recurrence. Two cases of subglottic cyst in our centre are described here. Although all cases presented differently, but in both of our cases, which have previous history of intubation with prematurity were initially diagnosed as laryngomalacia and croup.
  17. Loong SP, Afandi AN, Lum CL, Ong CA
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2019 Nov;71(Suppl 3):1692-1694.
    PMID: 31763226 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-015-0945-1
    Solitary extramedullary plasmacytomas are rare, discrete mass of neoplastic monoclonal plasma cells in the soft tissue with no evidence of multiple myeloma. They constitute 3 % of all plasma cell tumors and less than 1 % of head and neck malignancies. A 43 year old lady presented to our clinic with complains of diplopia and headache for 4 weeks. Computed Tomography scan showed a mass lesion in the sphenoid sinus eroding the sinus floor, right wall, basisphenoid and parasellar area. A biopsy of the mass reported as plasmacytoma. Systemic examination revealed no evidence of dissemination of the disease confirming the diagnosis of a solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma. The patient was subjected to 25 fractions of radiotherapy. Here, we report a rare case of solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the sphenoid sinus.
  18. Vengathajalam S, Retinasekharan S, Mat Lazim N, Abdullah B
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2019 Oct;71(Suppl 1):823-826.
    PMID: 31742073 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-019-01654-6
    Thyroid abscesses are the most rare conditions of the thyroid gland but it could be potentially life threatening. Most patients are immunocompromised or has an underlying chronic thyroid disorder. We report a case of a 58 year-old lady with underlying uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and a long standing uninvestigated goiter who presented with lethargy, a new anterior neck swelling with dysphagia and change of voice. Ultrasound and computed tomography were performed and showed collection with multiple air pockets in the right thyroid lobule extending to the anterior mediastinum. She was started on intravenous antibiotics and underwent serial bedside aspiration. Her symptoms improved and complete resolution was achieved after serial aspirations and antibiotics.
  19. Saniasiaya J
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2024 Feb;76(1):1461-1463.
    PMID: 38440558 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04244-9
    Noise exposure has been reported to exert numerous detrimental effects on the human population, although most research has centred around hearing damage. Vestibular and balance loss have been demonstrated among industrial workers, although reports on this are still scarce. Vestibular loss increases the risk of falls, especially among industrial workers who are at constant risk. Nonetheless, the ideal investigation tool to investigate vestibular function remains unknown. We aim to review the available literature to elucidate the effect of noise exposure on semicircular canals using a video head impulse test (vHIT). A literature search identified only three studies involving 137 patients (mean age: 44.4). Semicircular canal deficit was found in 50.4% of the included participants, with lateral canal predominantly affected (71%). We highlight the importance of assessing the effect of noise exposure on vestibular function, especially among those prone to occupation-related vestibular loss.
  20. Che Mohd Razali SS, Narayanan MS, Mohamad A, Ramli RR
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2023 Dec;75(4):3815-3817.
    PMID: 37974762 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03822-1
    Nasal dermoid cyst is a rare benign lesion. The mainstay of treatment for a nasal dermoid cyst is surgical excision, which aims to remove the cyst and associated structures to prevent recurrence. We report a case of a 30-year-old man with nasal dermoid cyst, without intranasal or intracranial extension. The patient underwent open rhinoplasty technique for dermoid cyst excision. He had an uneventful postoperative recovery and was discharged well. The cyst and associated structure were successfully removed. There was no evidence of recurrence and complications postoperatively after 2 years of follow-up.
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