Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 92 in total

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  1. Arvin B, Prepageran N, Raman R
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2013 Dec;65(Suppl 3):480-4.
    PMID: 24427701 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-011-0356-x
    The objective of this study is to determine whether presbycusis occurs much earlier than previously believed if the high frequency (above 8 kHz) are included. Tertiary referral center (a teaching University). This is a cross-sectional observational study. Healthy adults from 20 to 49 years of age who had essentially normal hearing were included into the study. They were subjected to high frequency pure tone audiometry (until 16 kHz). Participants were grouped based on age ranges of 10 years (e.g., 20-29, 30-39, and 40-49) and the presence of symmetrical high frequency sensor neural hearing loss were documented. There is a significant presence of symmetrical high frequency sensor neural hearing loss (not attributed to any known risk factors) as early as from the age group of 40 to 49 years. Seven of 43 participants (16%) from age group of 20 to 29 years and 12 of 24 participants (50%) from age group of 30 to 39 years had significant high frequency hearing loss. High frequency hearing loss (high frequency Presbycusis) may occur much earlier than previously believed.
  2. Hafeza S, Firdaus S, Goh LC, Jeyanthi K
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2023 Jun;75(2):1259-1262.
    PMID: 37275017 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-022-03281-0
    Background: Endoscopic nasal surgery is often a tedious process due to repeated removal of the Hopkins rod telescope from the nasal cavity for manual defogging of the tip due to the presence of blood, smoke, and secretions. Objective: To design and print a 3-dimensional (3D) low-cost telescopic sleeve to allow the defogging solution to clean the rigid telescope tip without removing it from the nasal cavity. In addition, the sleeve must also act as a conduit for suction and irrigation to provide a clear surgical field view intraoperatively. Results and conclusion: A 3D printed low-cost telescopic sleeve, when used in conjunction with other add-ons, can be a helpful and cost-effective adjunct during endoscopic nasal surgery.

    SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-022-03281-0.

  3. Lim CC, Liew YT, Ghauth S, Bakar MZBA, Narayanan P
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2023 Jun;75(2):1255-1258.
    PMID: 37274994 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-022-03192-0
    Methylene blue has many usages in the field of otolaryngology. We describe a preliminary finding of methylene blue guided neopharynx closure after total laryngectomy. This technique can potentially reduce the risk of pharyngocutaneous fistula and has not been described in the literature. It is also handy in assisting junior surgeons to perform modified Connell suture during neopharynx reconstruction. Concurrently, we reviewed other essential applications of methylene blue in otolaryngology.
  4. Mohamad Yusof AN, Saifudin N, Tengku Kamalden TMI
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2022 Oct;74(Suppl 2):1408-1411.
    PMID: 36452747 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02560-6
    Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial neoplasm among paediatric patients, which arises from ectodermal neural crest cells. The most frequent primary site of neuroblastoma arises from retroperitoneum, specifically in the adrenal medulla. We present a rare case of adrenal neuroblastoma metastasis to maxillary sinus in a 20 month-old boy presenting with right maxillary swelling for the past 2 months. Computed tomography (CT) scan of paranasal sinus demonstrated right maxillary mass. A biopsy performed via a sublabial approach, surprisingly revealed neuroblastoma. Subsequent further workup depicted a huge right adrenal tumour. He was diagnosed with adrenal neuroblastoma stage 4 and treated with chemotherapy and surgical resection.
  5. Rajoo TS, Ng BHK, Abdullah B, Tang IP
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2023 Jun;75(2):996-999.
    PMID: 37275000 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-022-03212-z
    We report a rare case of localized anterior clinoid mucocele (ACM) with acute visual loss and a literature review of the endoscopic endonasal surgery. We advocate that endoscopic endonasal approach is the best choice. To our knowledge there a limited report on localized ACM that treated via endoscopic endonasal approach.
  6. Razali MN, Mat Baki M, Kew TY, Mohamad Yunus MR
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2019 Oct;71(Suppl 1):93-95.
    PMID: 31741939 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-017-1116-3
    Basal cell adenocarcinoma (BCAC) is a rare tumour entity. Despite its tendency to be infiltrative and destructive tumour with propensity to recur, it rarely metastasizes and long-term outcome following surgery is favourable. This paper presents a 42-year-old male with residual BCAC of parotid gland that had extended into infratemporal fossa and intracranial. The important aspect of this case is the rarity occurrence of BCAC of parotid with intracranial extension and its surgical approaches to achieve tumour clearance.
  7. Ngu CYV, Lee TH, Ramachandran K, Liew DNS, Tang IP
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2023 Apr;75(Suppl 1):764-767.
    PMID: 37206705 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-022-03347-z
    Background: A spontaneous cerebrospinal leak from Sternberg's canal with meningoencephalocele is a very rare clinical entity. Endoscopic repair of the defect is challenging and crucial in identifying the defect. The aim of this case report is to highlight the presence and management with endoscopic surgery in repairing Sternberg canal. Case: 40-year-old woman presents with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea with no predisposing factors. CT imaging and MRI showed osteodural defect in the lateral recess of sphenoid with meningoencephalocoele lateral to the foramen rotundum. Endoscopic transethmoidal - transphenoidal - transpterygoid approach was used to repair the defect, and patient is well post-operative with least complication from the intervention surgery. Conclusion: Endoscopic approach proved to be the best and safest method in localizing the defect and closure of the leak. Angled scopes and image guided system were used to identify the precise location of the leak.

    SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-022-03347-z.

  8. Cheah Y, Jumastapha H, Tang IP
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2023 Sep;75(3):2564-2567.
    PMID: 37636706 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03792-4
    Unilateral nasal obstruction with purulent nasal discharge is one of the presentations for sinonasal melioidosis. However, it may mimic nasal NK/T cell lymphoma. Both causing tissue destruction involving nasal septum, lateral nasal wall and palate. Here, we report a case of disseminated melioidosis involving sinonasal mimicking nasal lymphoma in a 32-year-old immunocompetent lady. She presented with prolonged fever, unilateral nasal blockage, painful facial swelling and knee pain. Clinical findings revealed extensive necrotic tissue and crusting involving right lateral wall of nasal cavity. Tissue and blood culture and sensitivity (C + S) grew Burkholderia pseudomallei. Recovery was complete after surgery and antibiotics.
  9. Cheah SC, Yee LW, Kok WL, Nazri Zamri FI, Baki MM
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2023 Sep;75(3):2420-2422.
    PMID: 37636736 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03714-4
    Reinke oedema is a benign condition due to fluid collection within subepithelial space of the true vocal fold. This phenomenon is predisposed by chronic smoking, alcohol consumption and contribution of laryngopharyngeal reflux. Although benign, it may be life threatening when bilateral vocal folds are affected causing airway obstruction. In this report, awake tracheostomy was performed for a 65- year- old lady with stridor secondary to severe Reinke oedema. The importance of establishing a definitive airway is highlighted here in securing a difficult airway.

    SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-023-03714-4.

  10. Abdul Rahim F, Goh BS
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2022 Oct;74(Suppl 2):2666-2669.
    PMID: 36452671 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-02358-y
    Tracheal bronchus (TB) is a rare congenital anomaly described as a abnormal bronchus that originates directly from the trachea above the carina directed towards the upper lung lobe. We analysed all paediatric rigid endoscopies of the airway from January 2015 until August 2020 to determine the incidence and characteristic of TB. In total, 68 rigid endoscopic airway examination record from children aged 0 to 12 years were analyzed. Endoscopic examination was performed from supraglottic region to carina using a 0 degree Hopkins rod lens telescope. Patients with a TB were identified and the site of TB origin was noted. Data of the identified patients was reviewed for the presence of preoperative airway findings such as stridor, upper lobe pneumonia, other congenital anomalies, intraoperative findings and complications and postoperative general condition outcome. TB was detected in 8 (11.8%) of 68 airway endoscopic examinations. 6 children (75%) were syndromic. 5 patients (62.5%) has congenital malacic airway and 2 patients (25%) has congenital tracheal stenosis. All TB originated from the right lateral wall of the trachea. All children had stridor unrelated to TB as presentation and 4 (50%) of children had preoperative upper lobe pneumonia. Tracheal bronchus is not a rare finding and is highly associated with syndromes and other airway anomalies. Although children with TB can be asymptomatic, upper lobe pneumonia is a common presentation. TB should be included in the differential diagnosis in patients with recurrent right upper lobe pneumonia or collapse and patients with unexplained oxygenation problem during endotracheal intubation, particularly in children with syndromes or other congenital anomalies.
  11. Asma A, Azmi MN, Mazita A, Marina MB, Salina H, Norlaila M
    PMID: 22468245 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-011-0132-y
    Neuropathy is frequently a late complication of diabetes mellitus. Auditory neuropathy and microangiopathy of inner ear are the possible causes of hearing loss in diabetics. To study the correlation between glycaemic control and hearing threshold in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to determine the differences of hearing threshold between groups treated with different modality. This single blind randomized controlled study was performed at the Department of Medicine and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) between 1st May 2003 and 31st September 2004. This study was approved by Research Ethics Committee (code number FF-137). Subjects were randomized into two groups. Group 1 were patients treated with conventional oral hypoglycemic agents. The patients in group 2 were those treated with insulin injection. The subjects were seen 4 weekly for 3 months. Audiometric test were performed in all subjects at each visit. Blood were taken for fasting blood glucose, Hb1Ac, and fructosamine at every visit to determine the glycaemic controls of the subject. They were 11 patients (22 ears) treated with oral hypoglycemic agents and 17 patients treated (34 ears) with subcutaneous insulin. There is no significant difference between mean pure tone threshold before and after treatment at all frequencies in both groups. There is also no significance different in fasting glucose level and fructosamine. However, there is significant difference HbA1c levels between the two groups after treatment (P 
  12. Ab Rahim NAC, Liew YT, Ghauth S, Narayanan P, Abu Bakar Z
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2023 Jun;75(2):347-351.
    PMID: 36406798 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-022-03261-4
    The purpose of this study was to conduct a cadaveric dissection study on the anatomical variation of the sublingual (SLG) excretory ducts and dictate an improved understanding of the anatomical communication between the SLG duct and submandibular (SMG) ducts. This study is carried out by standardized dissection of anterior floor of mouth in 6 formalin-fixed adult cadavers in Silent Mentor Workshop University Malaya in August 2020. The cadavers had no trace of scars, adhesions, signs of trauma or operation. SMG duct opening was identified lateral to the lingual frenulum through a papilla in the floor of mouth behind the lower incisor tooth. A horizontal incision line was done over floor of mouth just lateral to the opening. SMG duct and SLG was traced and skeletonized. Any presence of major duct arising from the SLG and its communication with SMG duct were investigated. We found there are 3 patterns of SLG excretory duct variants; (1) One major (Bartholin's) duct which open independently at its own orifice adjacent to the orifice of the Wharton's duct of SMG. (2) One major (Bartholin's) duct which joined into the Wharton's duct of SMG. (3) Absent of a major duct arising from SLG. The overall mean diameter of SLG ducts were 1.3 ± 0.41 and the mean length of SLG ducts were 18.5 ± 6.55. The overall mean diameter of SMG ducts was 2.6 ± 0.74 and the mean length of SMG ducts were 46.5 ± 6.57. Excretory ductal system of SLG showed great variations, not only between the different cadavers but also within the different sides of the same cadaver. Awareness of potential anatomical variations can aid in the accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients with salivary gland pathology as well as help surgeons reveal potential risk factor and avoid complications during surgical procedures in the floor of mouth.
  13. Haji Noor Mohamed NM, S M N Mydin RB, Che Halim H, Musa MY
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2023 Dec;75(4):4151-4157.
    PMID: 37974670 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03905-z
    BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a type of malignancy that is highly prevalent in Asian countries. Therefore, an understanding between NPC epidemiological trend, the clinico-pathological and aetiological profiles are needed. This systematic review focuses on asian countries demographic and clinico-pathological presentation reported in 9982 NPC cases diagnosed from the year 2010 to 2021.

    METHODOLOGY: Data were extracted from databases, such as PubMed, Springer Link, Science Direct, Google Scholar and general search engines, by using pre-determined keywords (e.g. clinico-pathological data, age, sex, tumour stage, nasopharyngeal cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, naso-pharynx and cancer in Asia).

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Findings from our systematic review shows that from 2010 to 2021, males in age range below 50 years old are at a higher risk of developing NPC in Asia. NPC is mostly diagnosed at advanced stage in Asia, which is likely due to the deep-seated location of the cancer. Type III NPC and EBV proteins (EBNA1 and LMP2A) are frequently associated with reported EBV-positive NPC cases in Asian countries. Meanwhile, NPC type I, II, and III are associated with EBV-negative NPC cases in Asia. Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles (A2, B27, and B46) are frequently present in reported EBV-negative NPC cases in Asia. In Asia, males below 50 years old are more prone to NPC and often diagnosed at late stage. EBV-positive and EBV-negative NPC in Asia have unique histological profiles. Systemic approach of this study may help to provide better knowledge on reported NPC cases especially on the risk factors and clinical presentation focusing in Asian countries.

  14. Chong W, Loh ST, Kulasegarah J, Loh TL, Tengku Kamalden TMIB
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2022 Oct;74(Suppl 2):1800-1802.
    PMID: 36452768 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-01809-w
    Tuberculous retropharyngeal abscess is a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. We describe an immunocompetent teenager who has her tuberculous retropharyngeal abscess ruptured and then diagnosis confirmed by the presence of acid-fast bacilli from the gastric lavage.
  15. Lim CC, Ling SW, Vijayan KV, Lee MJ, Devesayaham PR
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2023 Dec;75(4):3886-3888.
    PMID: 37974717 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03943-7
    BACKGROUND: Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare blood disorder with high morbidity and even mortality as severe bleeding can occur in up to 90% of affected patients. Unlike congenital hemophilia which presents with intra-articular bleeding, acquired hemophilia causes bleeding into the skin, muscle, mucous membranes and soft tissues.

    CASE PRESENTATION: We report an unusual case of upper airway hematoma in a 61-year-old man who presented with acute onset dysphagia and shortness of breath. There were bruises on his neck and blood clots on the floor of mouth when he was examined. Endoscopic examination revealed an extensive laryngeal hematoma. A prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) prompted us to investigate for factor VIII deficiency leading to the diagnosis of AHA. He recovered completely after a treatment regime instituted by the hematology team without suffering any grave debilitating events.

    CONCLUSION: AHA with laryngeal hematoma is a rare condition with only a handful of cases reported. Although a life-threatening disease, it is easily reversed with early recognition and administration of medical therapy involving the hematology team.

  16. Ng BHK, Tang IP
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2019 Oct;71(Suppl 1):731-733.
    PMID: 31742052 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-018-1523-0
    Adenoid cystic carcinomas are tumors that are more commonly seen in the salivary glands than in the nasopharynx. Nasopharyngeal adenoid cystic carcinomas are rare and cases that are reported in the literatures are few. Treatment is mainly by surgical resection. Here, we report 2 cases of nasopharyngeal adenoid cystic carcinoma.
  17. Tuang GJ, Mansor M, Abdullah A
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2022 Dec;74(Suppl 3):3671-3674.
    PMID: 36742599 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-02316-8
    Microtia comprises a spectrum of congenital malformation characterized by partial deformities of the auricular components to complete absence of pinna. Surgical reconstructions of this anomaly are often complex and technically challenging. Infection, hematoma, and skin necrosis with resultant exposed cartilage graft tend to occur in the early phase of post-operative care. Herein, we report a case of a spontaneous auricular abscess with exposed cartilage framework 20 years following rib cartilage reconstruction. To our knowledge, this is the first case of such an occurrence. The treatment options are discussed, along with the review of the literature.
  18. Raman R
    PMID: 23119414 DOI: 10.1007/BF02991691
    An alternate approach to the mastoid antrum for acellular mastoid is presented.
  19. Raman R
    PMID: 23119711 DOI: 10.1007/BF03006219
    A micro anatomical feature in the ear useful in surgery is described.
  20. Rajagopalan R
    PMID: 23120691 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-010-0001-0
    To study the prevalence of anterior external bony ear canal bulge.
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