Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 464 in total

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  1. Jaafar A, Rosli R, Shamsulhuda N, Samsudin AD, Ab Mumin N
    MyJurnal
    1st IIUM International Dental Conference 2017
    Introduction: Oral health literacy (OHL) can be different between science stream and non-science stream students as the exposure to knowledge of science is low among non-science stream. This situation can lead to unhealthy oral health behaviour and later increase the oral health problem among the non-science stream group. Thus, the study conducted aimed to compare the oral health literacy among science stream and non-science stream students and other factors associated, among first year students of Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM).
    Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 256 students from various faculties of USIM consisted of both science and non-science stream group. A validated Malay version, self-administered questionnaire of Oral Health Literacy Instrument (OHLI) was used to assess their OHL. Data gathered was later
    analysed using IBM SPSS version 21.0. Multiple logistics regression was used to determine the associated risk factors of OHL.
    Results: Study indicated that science stream students compared to non-science stream students have higher oral health literacy (OR= 6.98; 95% CI= 3.64, 13.39; p<0.001). Besides, students whom their mother's education level are high have higher OHL compared to their counterparts (OR= 2.31; 95%CI= 1.24, 4.28; p= 0.008).
    Conclusion(s): An exposure to in-depth knowledge of science has an effect on OHL. Science stream students have high oral health literacy compared to non-science group. This finding give some ideas on suitable methods of oral health promotion that can be implemented among science and non-science stream background of students especially in school.
    KEYWORDS: oral health literacy, science stream, first year students, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
  2. Draman, S., Maliya, S., Farhan, A., Syazwan, S., Nur ‘Atikah A., Abd Aziz, K.H.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Mak nyahs (male-to-female transgenders) often consume feminizing hormones to achieve and maintain the female physical appearance. They do it without professional prescription/advise, and often take excessive doses. This renders them at risk of developing complications of hormone consumption. This paper provides some quantitative data on hormone consumption among mak nyahs in Kuantan, Pahang, in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from July to August in 2015 among 35 mak nyahs. Convenience sampling was used. Participants who gave consent answered an interview-guided questionnaire which documents socio-demographic profile, hormone usage, and morbidities as a result of hormone consumption. Data was analysed using SPSS, Version 16.0. (version 16). Results: Majority of the subjects were Malays (91.4%) and Muslims (97.1%), their median (IQR) age being 31 (±17) years, more than half (57.1%) were between 20 to 40 years old. Most (80.0%) of them are sex workers. Oral hormone was most commonly used (88.6%), while more than half (67.7%) of them added hormone injections. Almost all subjects purchased hormones over the counter from local pharmacies (94.2%). However, many received information on hormone from non-professional sources. Possible adverse effects of hormones reported among subjects were hypertension, ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and venous thrombo-embolism. Conclusion: Hormone consumption was very common among the subjects in this study, and may be associated with certain medical problems. Medical personnel must pay more attention in educating the mak nyahs on adverse effects of hormones consumption. Mak nyahs should also be screened for complications every time they seek medical attention.
  3. Rajan Saini, Abdul Rani Samsudin
    MyJurnal
    Desmoplastic ameloblastoma (DA) is a relatively rare histological variant of ameloblastoma. DA do not present with radiographic or clinical features that are typical of other variants of ameloblastoma. On gross examination, DA appears as a solid mass, unlike the conventional ameloblastoma that contains fluid-filled spaces. Although radiographic examination of ameloblastomas usually reveals unilocular or multilocular radiolucency, DA may appear as a mixed radiopaque-radiolucent lesion. Histologically, DA is characterized by small nests and strands of “compressed” odontogenic epithelium supported by pronounced collagenized stroma. This report describes the case of a 30-year-old male with DA of the left mandible.
  4. Syed Masroor, A., Abdul Ghani, K.
    MyJurnal
    A Case Report on Gender Identity Disorder with Recurrent Depressive Disorder is presented. Individuals having this disorder often exhibit discomfort about their actual anatomic gender, and they may have wished to alter their bodies. Sex role-stereotypes adopted during childhood are the beliefs, characteristics and behaviors of individual cultures that are considered normal and appropriate for boys and girls to possess. These "norms" are influenced by one's family and friends, the mass-media, and their community. Since some cultures disapprove of cross-gender behavior, it often results in significant problems for affected individuals and those in close relationships with them. The importance of treatment is not only because of the high rate of mental-health problems, including Depression but with higher suicide rate among untreated transsexual people than in the general population. These problems are not usually related to the gender identity issues themselves, but the social and cultural responses to gender-deviated individuals. An example which classically illustrates Gender Identity Disorder is the case of a young man from Brunei Darussalam, who was seen and treated. This
    contribution will highlight the cultural and religious perspective of this Disorder.
  5. Basri, M.N., Janattul, A.J., Azrina, M.R., Abdul Hadi, M.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Our objectives are to identify the incidence of hypophosphatemia and the associated risk factors. We also want to establish intravenous replacement therapy that is effective for ICU patients. Methods: A prospective observational study assessing adults admitted to ICU in between March and May 2009. All patients without baseline phosphate level and renal failure were excluded. They were evaluated for the occurrence of common risk factors. Association with independent variables that includes age, gender and BMI were verified. Evaluation of IV replacement therapy was done in the treated patients. Results: From 50 patients that were reviewed, nine were excluded. There were 66% male and 34% female with mean age 46.88±17.89. The mean ICU stay was 8.00±6.41 days. The incidence of hypophosphatemia was 29% (n=12/41). Gender and
    creatinine clearance was found to be significantly different between normophosphatemia and
    hypophosphatemia patients. There was no significant association for each potential risk factor and the number of risk factors (≥3) with the incidence of hypophosphatemia. Multi-linear regression analysis showed that lactate, creatinine clearance and pH were significant predictors to the serum levels. A significant difference of mean serum phosphate was seen after repletion by total dose of 10, 20 and 40 mmols in the treatment subgroups. Conclusions: The incidence of hypophosphatemia in our ICU was high and comparable to previous studies. None of the commonly reported risk factors is associated with hypophosphatemia in this studied population. Among all significant correlated variables, only pH was found to be a significant predictor for serum phosphate. Baseline phosphate level may guide the initial replacement dose to prevent delay in normalization of serum levels.
  6. Mustafa Al-Ahmad, Basma Ezzat, Sukmasari S., Abdul Jabbar O.
    MyJurnal
    Introductions: Recurrent oral ulcers primarily effect mucosal surfaces and are among the most common chronic inflammatory diseases. Numerous studies to find the aetiopathogenesis have been conducted however the cause still remains unclear. Saliva is of utmostimportance for oral health maintenance. In current study, saliva was used as a diagnostic tool for comparison of salivary flow rate and pH in patients suffering from recurrent oral ulcers and control group. Materials and Methods: Saliva samples taken from 20 recurrent aphthous ulcer patients and 20 control (healthy) patients using a convient sampling method. Drooling method was used to collect unstimulated whole saliva sample. Pre-weighted specimen bottles were used and then weighed after sample collection on a graduated scale where as chair-side pH meter was used to determine the salivary pH. Independent t-test and Pearson’s correlation were performed. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significance. Results: Positive correlation was found between the flow rate and pH in recurrent oral ulcer patients. Patients with recurrent oral ulcers had higher flow rate and pH compared to the control group. These effects were exaggerated in female patients with ulcers. Conclusions: Disturbances in salivary flow rate and pH were not significantly associated with recurrent oral ulcers.
  7. Nur Liyana I., Sharanjeet-Kaur, Saadah M.A., Mahadir A., Abdul Mutalib O.
    MyJurnal
    This study aimed to develop a questionnaire in Malay language for the identification of risk factors for myopia among primary school children aged 10 to 12 years old in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: The study commenced in October 2012 till Julai 2013 in two main phases. The first phase was a pilot study for the construction of questionnaire items by literature review and discussion with the experts. A total of 103 parents of primary school children were randomly selected to test the comprehensibility of the preliminary questionnaire. The second phase was the actual study which involved parents of 353 primary school children , 132 were parents whose children were myopes and 221 parents whose children were nonmyopes. Results: Discussions with experts in human vision science identified 5 main domains and 71 items for the preliminary questionnaire. A total of 55 items were retained for the actual study phase in view of statistically good correlation (r = 0.4 and above). Predictive validity by chi-square test allowed 28 items to be retained because of significant association with myopia (p
  8. Mohd Nor NA, Repen MC, Zakaria Z, Ab-Murat N, Saub R, Abdul Razak I
    MyJurnal
    This study assesses dental students’ and patients’ perceptions on the role of dental students as smoking cessation counsellors as well as the patient’s quit rate at the University of XX. Materials and methods: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to all senior dental students (n=154) in XX University and telephone call interviews were conducted on their patients (n=169) who received smoking cessation counselling from September 2010 to June 2013. Results: Response rates for dental students and patients were 68.2% and 67.3% respectively. Most of the dental students in this study were females (72.3%) whereas the majority of patients were males (97.6%). An average of six months follow up indicated that 22.5% of patients had quit smoking, 65.3% reduced the number of cigarettes smoked and 6.5% had relapsed. About a third of patients surveyed (33.1%) believed that smoking cessation counselling was extremely helpful compared to what students perceived (5.7%, p
  9. Naznin, M., Pakeer-Oothuman, Nasuruddin, B.A., Abdul-Wahab, J.
    MyJurnal
    Background: The Medical Faculty of the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) runs an undergraduate medical programme which is a combination of the traditional and the newer trends of medical curriculum. The IIUM curriculum in Phase I (Years 1, 2: preclinical) is integrated organ system based, with lectures being the main method of curriculum delivery and also incorporating problem-based learning (PBL) as one of the teaching-learning approaches. Methods: The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of PBL teaching-learning method in IIUM in achieving the aims of the medical school as viewed by the students. A total of 287 students from Phase I and Phase II (Year 3: clinical) participated in this study at the end of academic session 2006/2007. The questionnaires distributed consisted of 33 items with four different aspects of PBL being evaluated namely; i) PBL objectives, ii) assessment of performance of the facilitators, iii) assessment of the PBL packages and iv) preferred teaching-learning approach. Results: An average of 86.4 % of students agreed that PBL sessions achieved its aims of preparing students for professional training in the clinical years. Also approximately 80% of students felt that the facilitators fulfilled their roles as PBL tutors. Students were generally satisfied with the PBL packages prepared. However about 50% of Year 2 students did not look forward to PBL sessions and only about 20% of preclinical students wanted more PBL sessions to be scheduled. This latter finding differed as 60% of the clinical (Year 3) students wanted more PBL sessions to be implemented. A significant proportion of the students also believed that they needed some prior information about the PBL case in question in order to generate lively exchange of ideas in the first sessions. Preclinical students preferred lectured-based approach as compared to PBL in contrast to the clinical (Year 3) students of whom 57% (62) preferred the PBL teaching-learning approach. Nearly 80% of the Year 3 students found the exposure to PBL sessions during their preclinical years beneficial during the clinical year. Discussion: Although our findings supported the effectiveness of PBL as one of the teaching-learning approaches (as perceived by our students) there are a few areas of concern. These include believing that a prior knowledge of the topic in question is needed to generate a lively discussion; the group not being motivated; the group members confining themselves to individual assignments only; PBL not being supportive of on-going self- assessment; the consequence of a facilitator being too dominant; and cases constructed do not reflect real clinical scenarios. Despite agreeing to its effectiveness preclinical students still preferred lecture-based approach to the PBL as they are more confident with the knowledge as obtained through the former learning modality. Conclusion: PBL is an effective learning strategy and it contributes to the teaching-learning process of IIUM undergraduate preclinical medical programme which implements a non-Problem Based Curriculum. We are of the opinion that a combination of lecture sessions and PBL best suit the IIUM medical students.
  10. Shaik Alaudeen SR, Mohd Shah AS, Abdul Talib N, Abdullah A
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Hypertension related morbidities and mortalities around the world show a gradual increase and early detection and prevention are advocated. The Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) has associated variation in DNA sequences called copy number variation (CNV) with susceptibility to common diseases. However, little is known about CNV role in essential hypertension. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the CNV esv27061 among prehypertensive and hypertensive young adults in Malaysia. Materials and method: In this comparative cross-sectional study, 104 subjects living in Kuantan who gave voluntary consent to participate are recruited and divided into three groups; control (43 subjects), prehypertensive (38 subjects) and mild hypertensive (23 subjects). An optimized droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) was used in the determination of CNV esv27061 in this study. Results: All subjects in the control (n=38; 88.4% gain), prehypertensive (n=33; 86.8% gain) and mild hypertensive (n=21; 91.3% gain) groups had CNV gain (copy number > 2) while 11.6% of control, 13.2% of prehypertensive and 8.7% of mild hypertensive subjects exhibited normal copies (copy number = 2). Conclusion: The present preliminary finding was consistent with the Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) which stated that CNV esv27061 showed more gain than loss.
  11. Abdullah H
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Febuxostat is a non-purine-selective oral xanthine oxidase inhibitor drug, and is an alternative to Allopurinol to lower serum uric acid in gout patients. It is probably more effective than Allopurinol, however, its use is limited because of its cost and availability. Allopurinol has been the mainstay treatment for gout for about 50 years. However, its use has been associated with allergic reactions especially in patients with renal impairment.The objective of this study was to describe HTAA Rheumatology Unit experiences with Febuxostat in the management of gout.
    Materials and method: Case records belonging to 6 patients who had been started on Febuxostat between January 2012 and January 2017 were analysed.
    Results: The majority of patients on Febuxostat were males (83.3%) as well as Malays (83.3%). About 66.7% of patients had already developed mild to moderate chronic kidney disease (GFR between 30-89 mL/min) due to multifactorial causes by the time they were started on Febuxostat. Also 33% of patients had mild liver impairment (ALT & AST < 1.5 ULN) due to fatty liver prior to Febuxostat. All patients had been started on Febuxostat due to allergic reactions to Allopurinol. All patients were on Febuxostat 40 mg once a day. Following Febuxostat, a significant decrease in the uric acid levels much closer to the target level i.e. less than 360 µmol/L were achieved in all patients. Only 1 patient (16.7%) developed a side effect i.e. ALT > 1.5 ULN while the rest tolerated the drug very well.
    Conclusion: Although the number of patients analysed was small, Febuxostat was shown to be very effective and safe for use in patients with gout even with concomitant mild to moderate renal impairment. Serum uric acid levels reduced significantly while on the lowest dose of 40 mg once a day.
  12. Al-Kadhim, A.H.A., Abdullah H.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The purpose of this study was to decide on the relation between types of mixing and the porosity of diameter (1-100) µm and compressive strength of RMGIC. Methods: Fifteen specimens 6mm height and 4mm in diameter were prepared for each type of luting cement and were stored in distilled water at 37° C for 24 hours. The compressive strength was determined. The fractured surfaces of 10 randomly selected specimens of each cement type were analyzed using SEM at 250 times magnification, and five photomicrographs were taken at five random places. All the photomicrographs were analyzed using image analyzer software to determine the amount and size of porosity present. Results: There was no significant difference in compressive strength between different mixing methods, but it had a significant impact by increasing the percentage of porosity of diameter (1-100) µm in diameter of RMGIC. There was no linear relationship between compressive strength and porosity (1-100) µm in diameter for both types of luting cements (P>0.05). Conclusion: No significant differences in compressive strength were found using different mixing methods. The size and number of porosity in the specimens of encapsulated cements were greater than those of hand-mixed cements. The porosity (1-100) µm in diameter and the compressive strength bore no linear relationship to each other.
  13. Ahmad Murad Z, Zailin Shah Y, Mansor S, Ahmad Irfan IH, Abdullah L
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: To investigate the questions that Muslim patients, embryologists, paramedics, clinical counsellor and doctors may have pertaining to the compliance of Assisted Reproductive Technique (ART) to Shari’aa.

    Methods: As a preliminary study, an open-ended survey was administered to participants. Participants for the survey comprised of 21 patients, 2 embryologists, 2 doctors, 4 paramedics and 1 counsellor.

    Results: Data analysis showed that most of the participants posed questions that fall into six classifications which are: Munakahat (Family Law), social Hukm, Fiqh Ibadah, Fiqh Qadha (Islamic Hukm), General Fiqh and Usul Fiqh.

    Conclusion: It is clear that even though the participants were rather familiar with some of the existing Fatwas pertaining to ART and IVF in Malaysia, there are still remaining doubts which need to be clarified. This indicates that there are challenges faced in seeking and providing ART treatment to Muslim patients. This needs to be addressed perhaps in the form of Shari’aa-compliant guidelines to provide a clear explanation of each process and procedure in fertility treatment.
  14. Dayangku, N.P.S., Marina, M.B., Mawaddah, A., Sharifa Ezat, W.P., Abdullah, S.
    MyJurnal
    Background: The resultant dysphonia and aspiration in unilateral vocal cord palsy can be overcome with
    medialisation thyroplasty. With this background, we aim to determine the aetiology of the unilateral vocal
    cord palsy and effectiveness of the phonosurgical procedure with Gore-Tex as a sole treatment. Methods:
    Within a seven year period, 37 Gore-Tex medialisation thyroplasty were performed for unilateral vocal cord
    palsy at our institution and medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Results: There were 18
    males and 19 females with mean age of 48.7 years (range 19–81 years). The predominant aetiology was
    thyroidectomy (43.2%) with benign thyroid disease predominates (n=13) over thyroid malignancy (n=3). Voice
    outcome was evaluated subjectively using visual analogue scoring system, results indicating that Gore-Tex
    medialisation thyroplasty was effective in addressing dysphonia in 62.5% (n=15) patients. However it alone
    cannot address aspiration seen in those with high vagal nerve lesion. Airway compromise occurred in two
    cases postoperatively (5.4%) presenting as acute stridor. Conclusion: In unilateral vocal cord palsy, Gore-Tex
    medialisation thyroplasty can effectively improve the resultant dysphonia and often accompanying aspiration
    which would otherwise be disabling for the patients.
  15. Che Anuar Che Mohamad, Abdurezak Abdullahi Hashi
    MyJurnal
    The advancement in human stem cell research has promised a viable alternative treatment for a range of ‘incurable diseases’ such as neurological diseases. To date, several studies have documented substantial evidences on the therapeutic properties of stem cells in promoting repair in different diseases including common neurological disorders i.e. ischaemic stroke and spinal cord injury. However, the progress of stem cell research has been surrounded by ethical issues which largely due to the usage of human embryos as one of the sources. These embryonic stem cells which originally derived from human embryo of aborted foetus or already existing human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) lines, has sparked an intense moral and religious argument among people of various faith, including Muslim community. From the therapeutic point of view, amongst the currently available stem cells, hESCs show the greatest potential for the broadest range of cell replacement therapies and are regarded as the most commercially viable. This review focuses on the major ethical issues, particularly to Muslim community, related to human embryonic stem cells research with special emphasis on the moral status of the embryo and the beginning of life according to the Islamic ethics and rulings. In this paper, we also discuss some ethical positions towards embryonic stem cell research in the Islamic world, including official regulations existing in some Muslim countries. We examine the justification and the necessity on the usage of hESCs following the newly discovered Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (IPSCs) in the laboratory. In addition, we supplement the discussions with the general views and positions from the other two Abrahamic religions i.e. Christianity and Judaism.
  16. Hafiz J., Dzulkhairi, M.R., Shamsir, M.A., Abu, N.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Islamic prayers involve certain physical movements and positions. These positions may be
    difficult to achieve in Muslim patients who suffer from any illness that limit their physical movements.
    Therefore, Islam introduced the concept of Rukhsah or exemptions. The objective of this study was to
    assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare workers related to performing prayers during
    illness. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 121 healthcare workers in
    Hospital Langkawi, between 22nd to 24th April 2014. Simple random sampling method was used to select the
    participants among healthcare workers in Hospital Langkawi to attend a workshop on Rukhsah Ibadah. The
    participants were given a set of questionnaire to answer and all the data were collected just before the talk
    began. Results: The majority of the participants 108 (89.3%) were female and more than half of them 74
    (61.2%) were staff nurses. The mean age for the participants was 32.4 (SD: 9.42) years. About 73 (60.3%) of
    the participants have good knowledge, 62 (51.2%) have good attitude and 73 (60.3%) have good practice
    towards religious obligations and Rukhsah. Bivariate analysis shows no correlation between age and
    knowledge, attitude and practice score. There was also no correlation seen between knowledge, attitude
    and practice score. Conclusion: Almost half of the participants have good knowledge, attitude and practice
    on performing prayers during illness. By conducting proper training and coaching, it is hoped that their level
    of understanding towards Rukhsah can be improved.
  17. Ikhwan SM, Zamri Z, Hairol O, Razman J, Affirul C
    MyJurnal
    Extrahepatic bile ducts constitute a significant anatomic site for surgeons when performing hepatobiliary
    operations from minor procedure such as cholecystectomy to major operation such as hepatectomy. The
    challenges for surgeon in performing such cases increase when congenital variance of biliary tree occurs which
    may lead to unintentional bile duct injuries. We reported a case of a lady who presented with obstructive
    jaundice secondary to huge distal common bile duct stone. The presence of right posterior segmental hepatic
    duct, which rarely occurs, was discovered during intraoperative cholangiogram before common bile duct
    exploration. The operation was successful without incidence of biliary duct injury.
  18. Wan Nur Alwani Wan Abdul Aziz, Azlan Jaafar, Ahmad Dzulfikar Samsudin
    MyJurnal
    The effect of surgical removal of impacted third molars on the periodontal
    parameters of adjacent second molar revealed inconsistent results. Some authors suggested
    improvement of periodontal parameters distal to second molar, whilst others demonstrated loss of
    attachment and reduction of alveolar bone height. This study was conducted to evaluate the
    alveolar bone height (ABH) and periodontal status of second molar after the surgery. (Copied from article).
  19. Mohammad Arif Shahar, Mohd Faiz Tahir, Ahmad Marzuki Omar
    MyJurnal
    Despite advances in the management of diabetes, the rate of control of
    diabetes in the population remains modest. Perception of diabetes control is a key to
    patient empowerment. The aim of this study was to describe the perception of diabetes
    control among patient with poorly controlled diabetes. (Copied from article).
  20. Roszaman Ramli, Ahmad Murad Zainudin
    MyJurnal
    Thanatophoric dysplasia (TD) was reported earlier in the previous publication. It is one of the most common lethal human skletal dysplasia characterized by severe dwarfism. It occurs in 3 to 4 per 100,000 live births1 and is due to autosomal dominant sporadic de novo mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene3 which codes for the FGFR3 transmembrane receptor expressed largely by skeletal and brain tissues in the developing fetus where it is involved with growth regulation. The FGFR3 mutation in TD leads to generalized defects and lack of endochondral ossification, with membranous ossification being less impaired1. Male and female fetuses are equally affected. Two thanatophoric case of this extremely rare occurance are reported and discussed.
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