Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 52 in total

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  1. Yusof AMZ, Othman O, Tang SF, Hassan MR, Din NM
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2022;15(11):1782-1790.
    PMID: 36404967 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2022.11.08
    AIM: To compare the diagnostic ability of glaucoma parameters measured by the optical coherence tomography (OCT) in normal, preperimetric glaucoma (PPG) and perimetric glaucoma (PG) patients.

    METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study includes 127 eyes of 127 subjects. Patients were divided into PPG (51 eyes), PG (46 eyes), and normal controls (30 eyes) based on clinical optic disc assessment and Humphrey visual field changes. The Heidelberg Spectralis OCT machine using Glaucoma Module Premium Edition software was used to measure the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and Bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) to assess the optic nerve head and ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness in the macula.

    RESULTS: RNFL, MRW, and GCL thickness were all significantly thinner in PG compared to PPG and the normal group. The BMO-MRW parameters showed better specificity (>70%) at 90% specificity compared to both RNFL and GCL parameters to discriminate normal, PPG, and PG patients. All BMO-MRW parameters showed higher area under curves (AUC) compared to RNFL and GCL parameters with the highest AUC observed in the superotemporal sector of the BMO-MRW (AUC=0.819 and and 0.897 between normal and PPG and PG groups respectively).

    CONCLUSION: While the BMO-MRW best discriminates PPG and PG against normal eyes, GCL parameters poorly differentiate the three groups.

  2. Yang QH, Zhang Y, Zhang XM, Li XR
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2019;12(2):302-311.
    PMID: 30809489 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.02.19
    AIM: To investigate the pooled prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR), proliferative DR (PDR) and nonproliferative DR (NPDR) in Asian type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.
    METHODS: We performed a systematic search online search using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and China WeiPu Library to identify eligible studies that reported the prevalence of DR, PDR and NPDR in Asian T2DM patients. Effect size (ES) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to evaluate the prevalence of DR, PDR and NPDR in Asian T2DM patients, respectively.
    RESULTS: There were 41 references and 48 995 T2DM patients involved in this study. The prevalence of DR, PDR, and NPDR was 28%, 6%, and 27% in T2DM patients, respectively; while the prevalence of PDR and NPDR in DR patients was 17% and 83%, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that prevalence of DR in T2DM patients from Singaporean, Indian, South Korean, Malaysian, Asian, and Chinese was 33%, 42%, 16%, 35%, 21% and 25%, respectively. In T2DM patients with NPDR from Indian, South Korean, Malaysian, Asian, Chinese, higher prevalence was found than that in PDR patients (45% vs 17%, 13% vs 3%, 30% vs 5%, 23% vs 2% and 22% vs 3%), as well as in DR patients (74% vs 26%, 81% vs 19%, 86% vs 14%, 92% vs 8% and 85% vs 15%). The prevalence of PDR in T2DM from India was higher than patients from other locations of Asia, and the same results were also observed in NPDR patients.
    CONCLUSION: In either T2DM Asian patients or DR patients, NPDR is more common than PDR. Based on our results, we should pay more attention to NPDR screening and management in T2DM patients, and we also recommend suitable interventions to prevent its progression.
  3. Woi PJ, Lu JYL, Hairol MI, Ibrahim WNA
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2024;17(2):353-358.
    PMID: 38371264 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2024.02.19
    AIM: To compare the vergence mechanisms between good and poor sleepers in university students.

    METHODS: A total of 64 university students were recruited in this study. The validated Malay version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire (PSQI-M) was used to measure the participants' sleep quality over the past month. Participants were categorized as good sleepers (n=32) and poor sleepers (n=32) based on the PSQI-M scores. Heterophoria and fusional vergences were measured at distance and near. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare heterophoria, negative fusional vergence (NFV), and positive fusional vergence (PFV) at distance and near between good and poor sleepers. Spearman correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between PSQI-M score and PFV at distance.

    RESULTS: Both distance and near heterophorias were not significantly different between good and poor sleepers (P>0.05). There was a difference in distance PFV (P<0.05) between good and poor sleepers, but not in distance NFV, near NFV, and near PFV (P>0.05). Distance PFV was negatively correlated with PSQI-M score (rs=-0.33, P<0.05).

    CONCLUSION: University students with poor sleep quality demonstrates a reduced ability to maintain fusion with increasing convergence demand at distance. Sleep quality assessment during binocular vision examination in university students is recommended.

  4. Wai YZ, Fiona Chew LM, Mohamad AS, Ang CL, Chong YY, Adnan TH, et al.
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2018;11(10):1685-1690.
    PMID: 30364221 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.10.17
    AIM: To report the incidence, risk factors and visual outcomes for postoperative endophthalmitis (POE) based on 7-year data from the Malaysian Ministry of Health Cataract Surgery Registry (MOH CSR).

    METHODS: Data was collected from the web-based MOH CSR. All consecutive cataract surgery patients from 1st June 2008 to 31st December 2014 were identified. Exclusion criteria were traumatic cataract or previous ocular surgery. Demographic data, ocular co-morbidities, intraoperative details and postoperative visual acuity (VA) at final ophthalmological follow-up were noted. All eyes were taken for analysis. Subjects with POE were compared against subjects with no POE for risk factor assessment using multiple logistic regressions.

    RESULTS: A total of 163 503 subjects were screened. The incidence of POE was 0.08% (131/163 503). Demographic POE risk factors included male gender (OR: 2.121, 95%CI: 1.464-3.015) and renal disease (OR: 2.867, 95%CI: 1.503-5.467). POE risk increased with secondary causes of cataract (OR: 3.562, 95%CI: 1.740-7.288), uveitis (OR: 11.663, 95%CI: 4.292-31.693) and diabetic retinopathy (OR: 1.720, 95%CI: 1.078-2.744). Intraoperative factors reducing POE were shorter surgical time (OR: 2.114, 95%CI: 1.473-3.032), topical or intracameral anaesthesia (OR: 1.823, 95%CI: 1.278-2.602), posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL; OR: 4.992, 95%CI: 2.689-9.266) and foldable IOL (OR: 2.276, 95%CI: 1.498-3.457). POE risk increased with posterior capsule rupture (OR: 3.773, 95%CI: 1.915-7.432) and vitreous loss (OR: 3.907, 95%CI: 1.720-8.873). Postoperative VA of 6/12 or better was achieved in 15.27% (20/131) subjects with POE.

    CONCLUSION: This study concurs with other studies regarding POE risk factors. Further strengthening of MOH CSR data collection process will enable deeper analysis and optimization of POE treatment.

  5. Ulagantheran V, Ahmad Fauzi MS, Reddy SC
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2010;3(3):272-6.
    PMID: 22553571 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2010.03.22
    To determine the causes, associated ocular findings and visual acuity on presentation, complications and visual outcome following treatment in patients of hyphema due to blunt injury
  6. Thevi T, Godinho MA
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2017;10(9):1452-1459.
    PMID: 28944207 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.09.19
    AIM: To explore the associations between various characteristics of Malaysian cataract patients and their management, and their post-operative visual outcomes, to inform relevant bodies to reduce cataract-related blindness.

    METHODS: We conducted a descriptive secondary data analysis of cataract surgery patients in Melaka Hospital, from 2007 to 2014 using the National Eye Database (NED). Patient-related factors (demographic features, systemic and ocular comorbidities) and management-related factors (surgical duration, type of surgery, type of lens) were analysed for their association with visual outcome (acuity).

    RESULTS: Most patients were Malays (48.23%) and Chinese (38.55%) aged 60-79y (range 0-100y). Hypertension (58.61%) and diabetes (44.89%) were major systemic comorbidities. Glaucoma (6.71%) and diabetic retinopathy (10.12%) were the main ocular comorbidities. Other comorbidities were age-related macular degeneration, pterygium, corneal opacities, macula diseases, vitreous haemorrhage, retinal detachment and pseudoexfoliation (0.70%-1.60%). Preoperatively 7150 (55.03%) eyes presented with poor vision. Uncomplicated phacoemulsification performed quickly with foldable lenses gave good results.

    CONCLUSION: Primary care physicians should initiate early detection to prevent late presentation of cataracts causing poor vision and should discuss the risks and benefits of cataract surgery while emphasizing the role of pre-existing comorbidities which may affect the visual outcomes. For good results, phacoemulsification should be done within 30min, without complications, using foldable posterior chamber intraocular lens.
  7. Tajunisah I, Wong P, Tan L, Rokiah P, Reddy S
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2011;4(5):519-24.
    PMID: 22553714 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2011.05.12
    AIM: To assess the awareness of eye complications and the prevalence of retinopathy, in the first visit to eye clinic, among type 2 diabetic patients attending a tertiary medical centre in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    METHODS: An investigator-administered questionnaire was given to 137 patients with diabetes undergoing first time eye screening in the eye clinic. This was followed by a detailed fundus examination by a senior ophthalmologist to assess for presence of retinopathy.
    RESULTS: Almost 86% of respondents were aware of diabetic eye complications, especially in patients who had achieved tertiary educational level (96.3%). The majority of the patients (78.8%) were referred by their physicians and only 20.4% came on their own initiative. Many of the patients (43.8%) did not know how frequent they should go for an eye check-up and 72.3% did not know what treatments were available. Lack of understanding on diabetic eye diseases (68.6%) was the main barrier for most patients for not coming for eye screening earlier. Despite a high level of awareness, only 21.9% had recorded HbA1c level of <6.5% while 31.4% were under the erroneous assumption of having a good blood sugar control. A total of 29.2% had diabetic retinopathy in their first visit eye testing.
    CONCLUSION: In the present study, 29.2% of type 2 diabetic patients had retinopathy in their first time eye testing. Although the awareness of diabetic eye complications was high among first time eye screening patients, the appropriate eye care-seeking behavior was comparatively less and should be rectified to prevent the rise of this sight threatening eye disease.
    KEYWORDS: awa-reness; diabetic retinopathy; eye complications; eye screening
    Study site: Eye clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  8. Tai ELM, Ling JL, Gan EH, Adil H, Wan-Hazabbah WH
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2018;11(2):274-278.
    PMID: 29487819 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.02.16
    AIM: To compare the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measuredviaoptical coherence tomography (OCT) between different groups of myopia severity and controls.

    METHODS: This was a prospective cross-sectional study. All subjects underwent a full ophthalmic examination, refraction, visual field analysis and A-scan biometry. Myopic patients were classified as low myopia (LM) [spherical equivalent (SE) from greater than -0.5 D, up to -3.0 D], moderate myopia (MM; SE greater than -3.0 D, up to -6.0 D) and high myopia (HM; SE greater than -6.0 D). The control group consisted of emmetropic (EM) patients (SE from +0.5 D to -0.5 D). A Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT machine was used to measure the peripapillary RNFL thickness of both eyes of each subject. The mean peripapillary RNFL thickness between groups was compared using both analysis of variance and analysis of covariance.

    RESULTS: A total of 403 eyes of 403 subjects were included in this study. The mean age was 31.48±10.23y. There were 180 (44.7%) eyes with EM, 124 (30.8%) with LM, 73 (18.1%) with MM and 26 (6.5%) with HM. All groups of myopia severity had a thinner average RNFL than the EM group, but after controlling for gender, age, and axial eye length, only the HM group differed significantly from the EM group (P=0.017). Likewise, the superior, inferior and nasal RNFL was thinner in all myopia groups compared to controls, but after controlling for confounders, only the inferior quadrant RNFL was significantly thinner in the HM group, when compared to the EM group (P=0.017).

    CONCLUSION: The average and inferior quadrant RNFL is thinner in highly myopic eyes compared to emmetropic eyes. Refractive status must be taken into consideration when interpreting the OCT of myopic patients, as RNFL thickness varies with the degree of myopia.

  9. Subramaniam S, Min Tet C, Hazabbah Wan Hitam W, Hussein A, Ahmed Khan S, Kanti Pal H, et al.
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2011;4(1):112-4.
    PMID: 22553623 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2011.01.26
    A 60 year-old man presented with acute on set of left eye proptosis and ptosis. It was associated with poor vision, eye pain and restriction of eye movement of the same eye after 5 hours post left upper molar tooth extraction. The visual acuity in the left eye was hand movement. There was severe ptosis and proptosis of the left eye. The conjunctiva was chemotic with quite anterior chamber. The pupil was mid dilated and sluggished to light. The ocular movement was restricted in all directions. Fundoscopy of the left eye revealed features of central retinal artery occlusion with hyperaemic disc and subretinal exudates at posterior pole. The right eye appeared normal. Urgent MRI brain and orbit revealed severe left paranasal sinusitis with anterior displacement of the left globe and presence orbital abscess. Patient was managed with Otorhinolaryngology and Neurosurgery teams. He underwent emergency transnasal drainage of abscess. Histopathological examination of unhealthy sinus mucosa showed evidence of fungal infection. However, the culture and sensitivity result was inconclusive. Patient was treated with amphotericin B, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin clavulanate and metronidazole. Patient was detected to have high blood sugar level and was managed accordingly. The proptosis improved with treatment. However, his vision, ptosis and ophthalmoplegia remained static. Assessing the immunocompromised status is important for the management of patient presented as acute orbital apex syndrome to avoid fatal outcome.
  10. Sc R, I T, T TD
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2011;4(2):212-5.
    PMID: 22553646 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2011.02.23
    To report a successful osteo-odonto keratoprosthesis (OOKP) procedure in a case of end stage of corneal blindness due to Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS).
  11. Reddy SC
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2011;4(3):326-8.
    PMID: 22553673 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2011.03.25
    A case of retained intralenticular iron piece with signs of mild anterior uveitis at the time of presentation is reported in a 45 year-old man. His vision improved with topical cycloplegics and corticosteroids. After six months, his vision deteriorated grossly due to cataract formation. He regained good vision following removal of foreign body, extracapsular extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. This case highlights the conservative management of the condition till the patient develops cataract resulting in visual disability; and good visual recovery following cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation.
  12. Reddy SC, Tajunisah I, Rohana T
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2011;4(4):439-42.
    PMID: 22553696 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2011.04.22
    A rare case of bilateral scleromalacia perforans, bilateral peripheral corneal thinning (contact lens cornea) and unilateral orbital inflammatory disease in a 50 year old female patient with an indolent form Wegener's granulomatosis(WG) involving lungs and sinuses is reported. The patient survived for 12 years after the initial diagnosis of systemic disease. There was perforation of left globe following trauma and no perforation of the right globe till the last follow up of the patient.
  13. Reddy SC, Alias R
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2014;7(1):92-4.
    PMID: 24634870 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2014.01.16
    Tono-pen measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) under topical anaesthesia in full term normal newborns.
  14. Reddy SC, Paul G
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2013;6(5):632-6.
    PMID: 24195038 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.05.14
    To evaluate the frequency of bacterial flora of conjunctiva after death (cadaver eyes) which will give information about the bacterial contamination of donor eyes, and the in-vitro sensitivity of isolated bacteria to the commonly used antibiotics in ophthalmic practice.
  15. Reddy SC
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2012;5(5):634-7.
    PMID: 23166877 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2012.05.18
    To report various ocular lesions caused by accidental instillation of superglue.
  16. Reddy SC
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2012;5(4):530-4.
    PMID: 22937520 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2012.04.25
    To report various ocular injuries caused by durian fruit.
  17. Reddy SC, Mohan SM
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2010;3(4):326-7.
    PMID: 22553584 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2010.04.11
    To determine the asymmetry in the sympathetic activity in the eyes as indicated by intraocular pressure (IOP).
  18. Reddy SC, Anusya S
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2010;3(1):64-8.
    PMID: 22553520 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2010.01.15
    To analyze the demography, presenting clinical features, spread of the disease of retinoblastoma in patients who were treated in two tertiary hospitals in Malaysia.
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