Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 66 in total

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  1. Goh BS, Tang CL, Hashim ND, Annamalay T, Abd Rahman FN
    PMID: 30578988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.12.010
    OBJECTIVE: There is a dearth of studies on long term hearing status and behavioural patterns among cleft lip and/or palate children after their primary lip and palate closure in Malaysia. This study describes the audiology status and behavioural patterns in a group of school aged children with cleft lip and/or palate.

    METHOD: A cross sectional study was carried out where caretakers of cleft lip and/or palate were asked to complete the translated Malay language version of Strength Difficulties Questionnaire. The hearing status of the children was analyzed based on recent pure tone audiometric and tympanogram results. The patients' age, gender, type of cleft pathology, age of palatal surgery and behavioural patterns were examined for their potential relationship with hearing status.

    RESULTS: A total of 74 children (148 ears) aged between 7 and 17 years with cleft lip and/or palate were recruited. The result showed 37 ears (25.0%) had hearing loss with majority suffered from mild conductive hearing loss. There were 16 ears (10.8%) that had persistent middle ear effusion. Hearing improvement occurred when palatal repair was performed at the age of less than 1 year old. (p = 0.015) There was no significant relationship between patients' gender, age, type of cleft and history of myringotomy with their hearing status. In terms of behavioural patterns, 16.3% were abnormal for total behavioural score, 39.2% for peer problem and 17.6% for conduct problem. For prosocial behaviour, 16.3% were rated low and very low. There was fair correlation between age and hyperactivity problems (r = 0.44). Patients' gender, type of cleft pathology, had been teased apart and hearing status was found not related to behavioural problems.

    CONCLUSION: Cleft lip and/or palate patients have a good longterm hearing outcome. Majority had normal hearing and if there is hearing impairment, it is only a mild loss. Early palatal repair surgery before the age of 1 year can significantly reduce the risk of hearing loss. Cleft lip and/or palate patients experienced peer problems. There was no significant correlation between behavioural difficulty and hearing status among school-aged children with cleft lip and palate.

  2. Mazlan R, Ting TL, Mukari SZ, Abdullah A
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2014 Feb;78(2):348-53.
    PMID: 24380662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.12.014
    The present study aimed to determine levels of parents' satisfaction associated with the universal newborn hearing screening process in a university hospital setting in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  3. Hamizan AW, Yean KT, Abdullah A
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2012 Mar;76(3):455-9.
    PMID: 22281372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.01.002
    A 3-year-old child presented with congenital bilateral facial nerve palsy with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss. High Resolution Computed Tomogram (HRCT) of the temporal bones found bilateral atresia of cochlear nerve canals, incomplete partition of the cochleae and narrow facial nerve canals. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral hypoplasia of facial nerves and aplasia of both vestibulocochlear nerves. There have been no other reported cases with this presentation. The possible aetiology and treatment options for the patient are discussed. We highlighted the review of aplasia/hypoplasia of the facial nerve and hypoplasia of cochlear nerve canal.
  4. Mukari SZ, Tan KY, Abdullah A
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2006 May;70(5):843-51.
    PMID: 16246430
    This paper reports the performance of a newly implemented hospital-based universal newborn hearing screening programme and the challenges to the effective implementation.
  5. Ahmad SA, Abdul Wahat NH, Zakaria MN, Wiener-Vacher SR, Abdullah NA
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2020 Aug;135:110132.
    PMID: 32502914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110132
    OBJECTIVE: Vestibular assessments in children are essential for the early identification of vestibular and balance dysfunctions. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, cervical (cVEMPs) and ocular (oVEMPs) have been reported to be feasible and effective when assessing otolith function in children. The main aim of the study was to obtain normative data for cVEMPs and oVEMPs from preschool and primary school-aged Malaysian children.

    METHODS: A group of 33 healthy children, aged from 5 years 9 months-12 years 4 months (mean ± SD = 8.83 ± 1.92 years), was recruited. Their otolith saccular function was assessed using 750 Hz tone burst for cVEMPs (with ER3A insert phone), while their utricular function was assessed using Brüel & Kjaer Mini-shaker Type 4810 (Naerum, Denmark) for oVEMPs.

    RESULTS: For cVEMPs, the mean value of P13 latency, N23 latency, P13-N23 interamplitude and asymmetry ratio were 12.62 ± 1.38 ms, 19.85 ± 1.95 ms, 92.47 ± 50.35 μV and 14.03 ± 9.75%, respectively. For oVEMPs, the mean value of N10 latency, P15 latency, N10-P15 interamplitude and asymmetry ratio were 9.23 ± 1.07 ms, 14.41 ± 1.04 ms, 10.32 ± 5.65 μV and 15.84 ± 11.49%, respectively. Two-way ANOVA analysis found that ear laterality and gender had no significant effect on all cVEMPs and oVEMPs parameters. No significant correlation was found between age and all VEMPs parameters.

    CONCLUSIONS: The normative data for cVEMPs and oVEMPs obtained in this study can be used as a guide by health professionals to assess saccular and utricular functions among children age from 5 to 12 years of age.

  6. Zainal SA, Md Daud MK, Abd Rahman N, Zainuddin Z, Alwi Z
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2012 Aug;76(8):1175-9.
    PMID: 22613756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.04.027
    To identify the mutations in the GJB2 gene and to determine its association with non-syndromic hearing loss in Malays.
  7. Saim L, Mohamad AS, Ambu VK
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 1994 Jan;28(2-3):241-6.
    PMID: 8157425
    Congenital lobar emphysema has been described under various designations. Although the etiology is not clear, some form of bronchial obstruction has been documented in about 50% of the patients. A rare case of congenital lobar emphysema with a membranous septum in the left main bronchus is described. Although prompt lobectomy has been the treatment of choice in most cases, this case demonstrates the importance of early bronchoscopy to exclude treatable intra luminal abnormalities.
  8. Ruszymah BH, Chua KH, Mazlyzam AL, Aminuddin BS
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2011 Jun;75(6):805-10.
    PMID: 21481479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.03.012
    Formation of external ear via tissue engineering has created interest amongst surgeons as an alternative for ear reconstruction in congenital microtia.
  9. Ruszymah BH, Lokman BS, Asma A, Munirah S, Chua K, Mazlyzam AL, et al.
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2007 Aug;71(8):1225-34.
    PMID: 17531328
    This study was aimed at regenerating autologous elastic cartilage for future use in pediatric ear reconstruction surgery. Specific attentions were to characterize pediatric auricular chondrocyte growth in a combination culture medium and to assess the possibility of elastic cartilage regeneration using human fibrin.
  10. Breik O, Umapathysivam K, Tivey D, Anderson P
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2016 Jun;85:128-35.
    PMID: 27240511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.03.033
    Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) is becoming increasingly more commonly used as in neonates and infants with upper airway obstruction secondary to micrognathia. A significant number of these children are dependent on nasoenteric feeding or gastrostomies after birth for adequate nutrition and often suffer from gastro-esophageal reflux (GERD).

    OBJECTIVE: This analysis is a subset of a larger systematic review. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of MDO on feeding and GERD.

    DATA SOURCES: The databases searched included PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Knowledge and grey literature sources.

    STUDY SELECTION: The inclusion criterion included studies in children with clinical evidence of micrognathia/Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS) who have failed conservative treatments, including both syndromic (sMicro) and non-syndromic (iPRS) patients. 21 studies relevant to feeding and 4 studies relevant to GERD outcomes were included. All studies included were case series and case reports.

    RESULTS: MDO leads to a significant improvement in feeding, with 82% of children feeding exclusively orally after surgery. The overall percentage of children with iPRS who were feeding orally was 93.7% compared with only 72.9% in the sMicro group (p<0.004). A growth decline within the first six weeks after surgery was observed in multiple studies. Overall, out of 70 patients with pre-operative GERD, only four had evidence of GERD after surgery.

    CONCLUSIONS: Considering the limitations of this systematic review, this study found that successful relief of airway obstruction by MDO leads to improvement of feeding and improvement in symptoms of GERD in children with upper airway obstruction secondary to micrognathia. Clinicians need to be aware of the risk of growth decline in the initial post-operative period.

  11. Thavagnanam S, H'ng SY, Nathan AM, Eg KP, Chinna K, Hajar Bte Turbirin S, et al.
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2021 Dec;151:110930.
    PMID: 34571207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110930
    INTRODUCTION: Overnight pulse oximetry is an alternative to polysomnography (PSG) in diagnosing obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, but its sensitivity is reported to be low.

    AIMS: To determine the (a) diagnostic accuracy, interobserver reliability and reliable oxygen desaturation index of 4% (ODI4) score at diagnosing obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in children and (b) correlation between the apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI) with ODI4 and oxygen nadir between both PSG and oximetry.

    METHODS: This cross-sectional study included children aged 1-18 years old, undergoing a fully attended overnight PSG for suspected obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. The Nonin 3150 WristOx2 ™ [Fig. 2] was worn simultaneously during the PSG. Poor oximetry recordings were excluded. Pulse oximetry was scored using the McGill Oximetry Score (MOS) whereby a score of 2-4 was positive for OSAS. Specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive values (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV) and interobserver reliability of the WristOx2 were calculated.

    RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-two children with a mean (SD) age of 9.3 (±3.5) years (range 2 years 6 months old - 17 years old) were included after excluding 18 children (poor oximetry data [n = 16] and incomplete PSG [n = 2]). Interobserver agreement of the WristOx2 was 0.8763 (95% CI:0.80, 0.95). WristOx2 had a sensitivity 50%, specificity 96.7%, PPV 96% and NPV 53% at diagnosing OSAS. ODI4 ≥ 2 events/hour in oximetry had a sensitivity of 97.6% and negative predictive value of 85.7% at diagnosing OSA.

    CONCLUSION: Overnight pulse oximetry with the Nonin 3150 WristOx2 ™ is an accurate and reliable tool in diagnosing significant OSAS in children.

  12. Sharma HS, Daud AR
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 1997 Jul 18;41(1):65-70.
    PMID: 9279638
    An antrochoanal polyp, a common clinical entity, with a rare presentation is being reported. A 12 year old boy was brought to Accident and Emergency department with an unusual sudden presentation of polypoidal mass filling the oral cavity up to his incisors as a result of which he could not swallow and speak. Prior to this episode he had no complaints of the disease. An emergency removal was planned and only during the operation could it be diagnosed as a antrochoanal polyp because of its pedicle in the lateral wall of the nose, which was confirmed by histopathological examination.
  13. Elango S
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 1993 May;27(1):21-7.
    PMID: 8314665
    One hundred and sixty-five children from the school for the deaf were screened to find out the aetiology of deafness. The screening included routine ophthalmological examination. Aetiology was unknown in 33 children (20%). Prenatal infection was found to be the cause of deafness in 61 cases (36.96%). Rubella eye signs were found in 59 children (35.76%), whereas the history of rubella infection during the first trimester of pregnancy was found in only 33 of these cases (55.93%). Perinatal complications were seen in 20 children (12.12%). Twenty children (12.12%) had meningitis during their early childhood period. Routine ophthalmological examination helped us to pick up cases with rubella eye signs. Ophthalmological examination should be included as part of any study done to find out the cause of deafness.
  14. Mukari SZ, Ling LN, Ghani HA
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2007 Feb;71(2):231-40.
    PMID: 17109974
    The present study documents the school performance of 20 pediatric cochlear implant recipients who attended mainstream classes and compares their educational performance with their normally hearing peers.
  15. Ishak MF, Chua KH, Asma A, Saim L, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BH, et al.
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2011 Jun;75(6):835-40.
    PMID: 21543123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.03.021
    This study was aimed to see the difference between chondrocytes from normal cartilage compared to chondrocytes from microtic cartilage. Specific attentions were to characterize the growth of chondrocytes in terms of cell morphology, growth profile and RT-PCR analysis.
  16. Hamzah NFA, Umat C, Harithasan D, Goh BS
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2021 Apr;143:110656.
    PMID: 33662710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110656
    INTRODUCTION: The Joint Committee of Infant Hearing (JCIH) recommended hearing screening by one month of age, diagnosis of hearing loss by three months of age, and intervention initiated by six months of age. In Malaysia however, the age of diagnosis of hearing loss in children is relatively late. This study aimed to identify the challenges faced by parents in seeking a diagnosis of hearing loss for their children.

    METHOD: The study utilized a semi-structured interview with open-ended questions to obtain information about parents' experiences during the diagnosis period and their challenges when going through that process. In this study, a total of 16 parents of children who were diagnosed with moderate to profound sensorineural hearing loss and received intervention within three years at the time of the study participated. Ten of the children were cochlear implant users, and six were hearing aid users.

    RESULTS: Thematic analysis was used to analyse themes generated from the data according to the study objective. Four main themes and 17 subthemes were identified from this study. The four main themes were 1) Parents' emotion; 2) Parental knowledge; 3) Others; 4) Profesional services. Challenges that parents faced often include emotional behaviours such as feeling guilty and devastated during the diagnosis, lack of information-sharing from healthcare givers, lack of knowledge on childhood hearing loss among parents, support from families, seek for a second opinion, worry about others' acceptance, longer time for diagnosis to confirm, late referral to other related profesionals and no priority for the appointment.

    CONCLUSION: Emotion is identified as the biggest challenge faced by parents in the process of diagnosis for their children with hearing loss. Hence, management of parental emotion needs to be emphasized by health profesionals as it influences the acceptance of parents towards their child's diagnosis.

  17. Muller L, Goh BS, Cordovés AP, Sargsyan G, Sikka K, Singh S, et al.
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2023 Jul;170:111583.
    PMID: 37245391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2023.111583
    OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to report on the educational placement, quality of life and speech reception changes in a prospectively recruited group of children after they received a cochlear implant (CI).

    METHOD: Data was collected on 1085 CI recipients of as part of a prospective, longitudinal, observational, international, multi-centre, paediatric registry, initiated by Cochlear Ltd (Sydney, NSW, Australia). Outcome data from children (≤10 years old) implanted in routine practice was voluntarily entered into a central, externally hosted, e-platform. Collection occurred prior to initial device activation (baseline) and at six monthly follow-up intervals up to 24 months and then at 3 years post activation. Clinician reported baseline and follow up questionnaires and Categories of Auditory Performance version II (CAP-II) outcomes were collated. Self-reported evaluation forms and patient information were provided by the parent/caregiver/patient via the implant recipient baseline and follow up, Children Using Hearing Implants Quality of Life (CuHIQoL) and Speech Spatial Qualities (SSQ-P) Parents Version questionnaires.

    RESULTS: Children were mainly bilaterally profoundly deaf, unilaterally implanted and used a contralateral hearing aid. Prior to implant 60% used signing or total communication as their main mode of communication. Mean age at implant was 3.2 ± 2.2 years (range 0-10 years). At baseline 8.6% were in mainstream education with no additional support and 82% had not yet entered school. After three years of implant use, 52% had entered mainstream education with no additional support and 38% had not yet entered school. In the sub-group of 141 children who were implanted at or after three years of age and were thus old enough to be in mainstream school at the three-year follow up, an even higher proportion (73%) were in mainstream education with no support. Quality of life scores for the child improved statistically significantly post implant compared to baseline and continued to improve significantly at each interval up to 3 years (p 

  18. Rahman RA, Ramli R, Rahman NA, Hussaini HM, Idrus SM, Hamid AL
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2007 Jun;71(6):929-36.
    PMID: 17442408
    Maxillofacial trauma in children is not common worldwide. Domestic injuries are frequently seen in younger children while older children are mostly involved in motor vehicle accidents (MVA). The objective of this study was to analyze the pattern of maxillofacial injuries in pediatric patients referred to three government main hospitals in different areas of West Malaysia.
  19. Elango S, Purohit GN, Hashim M, Hilmi R
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 1991 Jul;22(1):75-80.
    PMID: 1917340
    In Malaysia 1,307 randomly selected primary school children were screened to find out the prevalence of hearing loss and middle ear disorders. Seventy-six students (5.81%) failed the screening audiometric test. There were 95 students (7.26%) with middle ear disorders. History of ear discharge was absent in 24 out of 57 cases with CSOM (42.11%) (P less than 0.001). Forty-three out of 95 children having middle ear disorders passed the screening audiometric test (P less than 0.01 Fisher exact test). Screening audiometric test fails to detect about 46% of cases with middle ear disorders. Screening audiometric test and otological examination if conducted by the school health medical officers regularly will be able to detect almost all the cases with hearing loss and middle ear disorders.
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