Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 50 in total

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  1. Wong SW, Ting YW, Chan WK
    JGH Open, 2018 Oct;2(5):235-241.
    PMID: 30483595 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12070
    Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of liver pathology that is characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat in the liver attributable to overnutrition and is strongly associated with the metabolic syndrome. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is the more severe form of NAFLD that is defined histologically by the presence of lobular inflammation and hepatocyte ballooning. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients have a greater tendency to develop advanced liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC. This review focuses on the epidemiology of NAFLD-related HCC and its implications. NAFLD has been estimated to contribute to 10-12% of HCC cases in Western populations and 1-6% of HCC cases in Asian populations. NAFLD-related HCC is expected to increase in Asian populations, in line with the increased prevalence of NALFD similar to that of Western populations in recent years. The increasing burden of NAFLD-related HCC over time has been demonstrated in studies from both Western and Asian populations. Certain factors such as ethnicity, obesity, and diabetes mellitus appear to have an incremental effect on the risk of developing HCC among NAFLD patients. The difficulty in identifying NAFLD patients with cirrhosis and the possibility of HCC developing in noncirrhotic NAFLD patients are challenges that need to be addressed. Further understanding of these gaps may contribute to better surveillance strategies for the early detection of HCC in NAFLD patients to reduce the mortality and improve the survival of these patients.
  2. Goh LH, Mohd Said R, Goh KL
    JGH Open, 2018 Dec;2(6):307-310.
    PMID: 30619942 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12089
    Background and Aims: There have been few reports on lactase deficiency (LD) and lactose intolerance (LI) in Malaysia, which has a peculiar mix of three distinct major Asian races-Malay, Chinese, and Indian. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of LD and LI in a young multiethnic Malaysian population.

    Methods: Lactase activity was measured with a 13CO2 lactose breath test using an infrared spectrometer. Each subject took 25 g of lactose naturally enriched in 13CO2 together with 250 mL of water after an overnight fast. Breath samples were collected at baseline and at 15-min intervals for 180 min. Subjects were asked to report gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms following ingestion of the lactose test meal.

    Results: Of the 248 subjects tested, 216 (87.1%) were lactase deficient. We found no significant differences in the presentation of LD between gender and races. LD was found in 87.5% of males and 86.8% of females (P = 0.975) and in different races: Chinese (88.5%) versus Malay (83.1%) (P = 0.399), Indian (90.5%) versus Malay (P = 0.295), and Chinese versus Indian (P = 0.902). LI was diagnosed in only 49 (19.8%) subjects; 35 patients had diarrhea, while the remainder had at least two other GI symptoms after the lactose meal.

    Conclusion: The prevalence of LD was high in all three major ethnic groups-Malays, Chinese, and Indians. Ironically, the prevalence of LI was low overall.

  3. Goh KL
    JGH Open, 2018 Dec;2(6):248.
    PMID: 30619932 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12127
  4. Goh KL
    JGH Open, 2019 Aug;3(4):273.
    PMID: 31406917 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12237
  5. Goh KL
    JGH Open, 2019 Apr;3(2):99.
    PMID: 31061882 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12188
  6. Lee YY, Leow AH, Chai PF, Raja Ali RA, Lee WS, Goh KL
    JGH Open, 2021 Jan;5(1):11-19.
    PMID: 33490608 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12469
    Probiotics comprise a large group of microorganisms, which have different properties and thus confer different benefits. The use of probiotics has shown promising results in the management of diarrheal diseases. While the availability of probiotic products has flourished in the marketplace, there is limited guidance on the selection of probiotics for clinical use. This position paper is aimed at informing clinicians about the proper selection criteria of probiotics based on current evidence on strain-specific efficacy and safety for the management of diarrheal diseases. Members of the working group discussed issues on probiotic use in clinical practice, which were then drafted into statements. Literature to support or refute the statements were gathered through a search of medical literature from 2011 to 2020. Recommendations were formulated based on the drafted statements and evidence gathered, revised as necessary, and finalized upon agreement of all members. Twelve statements and recommendations were developed covering the areas of quality control in the manufacturing of probiotics, criteria for selection of probiotics, and established evidence for use of probiotics in diarrheal diseases in adults and children. Recommendations for the use of specific probiotic strains in clinical practice were categorized as proven and probable efficacy based on strength of evidence. Robust evidence is available to support the use of probiotics for diarrheal diseases in clinical practice. Based on the results obtained, we strongly advocate the careful evaluation of products, including manufacturing practices, strain-specific evidence, and contraindications for at-risk populations when choosing probiotics for use in clinical practice.
  7. Goh KL
    JGH Open, 2017 Nov;1(3):81.
    PMID: 30483540 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12030
  8. Goh KL
    JGH Open, 2018 Apr;2(2):33.
    PMID: 30483560 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12050
  9. Goh KL
    JGH Open, 2018 Oct;2(5):171.
    PMID: 30483584 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12107
  10. Goh KL
    JGH Open, 2018 Aug;2(4):113.
    PMID: 30483573 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12080
  11. Goh KL
    JGH Open, 2018 Jun;2(3):79.
    PMID: 30483567 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12066
  12. Goh KL
    JGH Open, 2019 Dec;3(6):449.
    PMID: 31832542 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12282
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