Displaying all 12 publications

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  1. Ng KT, Teoh WY, Khor AJ
    J Clin Anesth, 2020 Feb;59:74-81.
    PMID: 31279283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2019.06.027
    OBJECTIVES: Melatonin is an endogenous hormone, which regulates circadian rhythms and promotes sleep. In recent years, several randomised controlled trials examining the prophylactic use of melatonin to prevent delirium were published with conflicting findings. The primary aim of this review was to determine the effect of melatonin on the incidence of delirium in hospitalised patients.

    DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL were systematically searched from their inception until December 2018.

    REVIEW METHODS: All randomised clinical trials were included.

    RESULTS: Sixteen trials (1634 patients) were included in this meta-analysis. Incidence of delirium was not significantly lower in patients who received melatonin, with an odd ratio, OR (95%Cl) of 0.55 (0.24-1.26); ρ = 0.16, certainty of evidence = low, trial sequential analysis = inconclusive. However, patients who randomised to melatonin had a significantly shorter length of stay in intensive care units, with a mean difference, MD (95%CI) of -1.84 days (-2.46, -1.21); ρ 

  2. Ng KT, Lee ZX, Ang E, Teoh WY, Wang CY
    J Clin Anesth, 2020 Jun;62:109731.
    PMID: 31986433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109731
    OBJECTIVES: The repetitive hypoxic and hypercapnia events of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are believed to adversely affect cardiopulmonary function, which make them vulnerable to a higher incidence of postoperative complications. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the association of OSA and the composite endpoints of postoperative cardiac or cerebrovascular complications in adult undergoing non-cardiac surgery.

    DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL were systematically searched from its inception until May 2019.

    REVIEW METHODS: All observational studies were included.

    RESULTS: Twenty-two studies (n = 3,033,814; 184,968 OSA vs 2,848,846 non-OSA) were included for quantitative meta-analysis. In non-cardiac surgery, OSA was significantly associated with a higher incidence of the composite endpoints of postoperative cardiac or cerebrovascular complications (odd ratio: 1.44, 95%CI: 1.17 to 1.78, ρ = 0.007, trial sequential analysis = conclusive; certainty of evidence = very low). In comparison to non-OSA, OSA patients were reported to have nearly 2.5-fold risk of developing pulmonary complications (odd ratio: 2.52, 95%CI: 1.92 to 3.31, ρ 

  3. Ng KT, Yap JLL, Kwok PE
    J Clin Anesth, 2020 Aug;63:109782.
    PMID: 32193125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109782
    BACKGROUND: Low level of fibrinogen is a risk factor of perioperative bleeding, which is a major complication in surgical patients. However, the safety and efficacy of fibrinogen supplementation with fibrinogen concentrate to minimize postoperative bleeding remains unclear.

    OBJECTIVES: The primary aim of this review was to investigate the effect of fibrinogen concentrate in postoperative blood loss in adult surgical patients.

    DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

    DATA SOURCES: Databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL were searched from their start date until July 2019.

    ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: All randomized clinical trials comparing intravenous fibrinogen concentrate and placebo in adult surgical patients were included, regardless of type of surgery. Observational studies, case reports, case series and non-systematic reviews were excluded.

    RESULTS: Thirteen trials (n = 900) were included in this review. In comparison to placebo, fibrinogen concentrate significantly reduced the first 12-hour postoperative blood loss, with a mean difference of -134.6 ml (95% CI -181.9 to -87.4). It also significantly increased clot firmness in thromboelastometry (FIBTEM) with a mean difference of 2.5 mm (95%CI 1.1 to 3.8). No significant differences were demonstrated in the adverse events associated with fibrinogen concentrate use, namely incidence of thromboembolism, myocardial infarction and acute kidney injury.

    CONCLUSIONS: In this meta-analysis of 13 randomized trials, low level of evidence and substantial heterogeneity with small sample size limit strong recommendation on the use of fibrinogen concentrate in adult surgical patients. However, its use is tolerable without any notable adverse events.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION: CRD42019149164.

  4. Ang E, Ng KT, Lee ZX, Ti LK, Chaw SH, Wang CY
    J Clin Anesth, 2020 Dec;67:110023.
    PMID: 32805685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.110023
    OBJECTIVES: There is growing evidence on the influence of general anaesthesia (GA) in promoting the proliferation of cancer cells. The benefits of regional anaesthesia (RA) on cancer recurrence rate in cancer surgery remains unclear in the literature. The primary objective of this review was to examine the effect of RA on the incidence of post-operative cancer recurrence rate in cancer resection surgery.

    DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.

    DATA SOURCES: Medline, EMBASE and CENTRAL were systematically searched from its inception until April 2020.

    ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: All randomized control trials and observational studies comparing RA only versus GA in cancer resection surgery were included. Case report, case series and editorials were excluded.

    RESULTS: Ten retrospective observational studies (n = 9708; 4567 GA vs 5141 RA) were included for qualitative and quantitative meta-analysis. In comparison to GA, RA was not significantly associated with a lower cancer recurrence rate in cancer resection surgery (odds ratio 1.01, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.53, p = 0.95, certainty of evidence = very low). However, the trial sequential analysis for cancer recurrence rate was inconclusive. Our analysis demonstrated no significant difference between the RA and GA groups in the overall survival rate (odds ratio 1.51, 95% CI 0.65 to 3.51, p = 0.34, certainty of evidence = very low), time to cancer recurrence (mean difference 1.45 months, 95% CI -8.69 to 11.59, p = 0.78, certainty of evidence = very low), cancer-related mortality (odds ratio 1.79, 95% CI 0.57 to 5.62, p = 0.32, certainty of evidence = very low).

    CONCLUSIONS: Given the low level of evidence and underpowered trial sequential analysis, our review neither support nor oppose that the use of RA was associated with lower incidence of cancer recurrence rate than GA in cancer resection surgery.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION: CRD42020163780.

  5. Loh PS, Ariffin MA, Rai V, Lai LL, Chan L, Ramli N
    J Clin Anesth, 2016 Nov;34:216-22.
    PMID: 27687378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.03.074
    STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of sedation with dexmedetomidine compared to propofol for claustrophobic adults undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in our institution.

    DESIGN: Randomized, prospective, double-blinded study.

    SETTING: University-based tertiary referral center.

    PATIENTS: Thirty claustrophobic adults with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II who were planned for MRI.

    INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly assigned to target-controlled infusion propofol or dexmedetomidine loading followed by maintenance dose for procedural sedation.

    MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary end point was adequate reduction in patient anxiety levels to allow successful completion of the MRI sequence. Both methods of sedation adequately reduced anxiety levels in visual analog scale scores and Spielberger Strait Test Anxiety Inventory (P

  6. Chong SE, Mohammad Zaini RH, Wan Mohd Rubi I, Lim JA
    J Clin Anesth, 2016 Nov;34:612-4.
    PMID: 27687458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.06.035
    Mask ventilation is one of the most important skills in airway management. Difficulty in mask ventilation can become life threatening if it is associated with difficulty in intubation during general anesthesia. We report a potential impossible ventilation condition which was safely and easily overcome with appropriate innovative modification of an Opsite adhesive film.
  7. Chen CK, Lau FC, Lee WG, Phui VE
    J Clin Anesth, 2016 Sep;33:75-80.
    PMID: 27555137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.03.007
    STUDY OBJECTIVES: To compare the anesthetic potency and safety of spinal anesthesia with higher dosages of levobupivacaine and bupivacaine in patients for bilateral sequential for total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

    DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.

    SETTING: Operation theater with postoperative inpatient follow-up.

    PATIENTS: The medical records of 315 patients who underwent sequential bilateral TKA were reviewed.

    INTERVENTIONS: Patients who received intrathecal levobupicavaine 0.5% were compared with patients who received hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% with fentanyl 25 μg for spinal anesthesia.

    MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was the use of rescue analgesia (systemic opioids, conversion to general anesthesia) during surgery for both groups. Secondary outcomes included adverse effects of local anesthetics (hypotension and bradycardia) during surgery and morbidity related to spinal anesthesia (postoperative nausea, vomiting, and bleeding) during hospital stay.

    MAIN RESULTS: One hundred fifty patients who received intrathecal levobupivacaine 0.5% (group L) were compared with 90 patients given hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% with fentanyl 25 μg (group B). The mean volume of levobupivacaine administered was 5.8 mL (range, 5.0-6.0 mL), and that of bupivacaine was 3.8 mL (range, 3.5-4.0 mL). Both groups achieved similar maximal sensory level of block (T6). The time to maximal height of sensory block was significantly shorter in group B than group L, 18.2 ± 4.5 vs 23.9 ± 3.8 minutes (P< .001). The time to motor block of Bromage 3 was also shorter in group B (8.7 ± 4.1 minutes) than group L (16.0 ± 4.5 minutes) (P< .001). Patients in group B required more anesthetic supplement than group L (P< .001). Hypotension and postoperative bleeding were significantly less common in group L than group B.

    CONCLUSION: Levobupivacaine at a higher dosage provided longer duration of spinal anesthesia with better safety profile in sequential bilateral TKA.

  8. Ng KT, Chan XL, Tan W, Wang CY
    J Clin Anesth, 2019 Feb;52:37-47.
    PMID: 30172838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2018.08.019
    OBJECTIVES: Patients with preoperative low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) are known to be associated with high morbidities and mortality in cardiac surgery. The primary aim of this review was to examine the clinical outcomes of levosimendan versus placebo in patients with preoperative low LVEF ≤ 50% undergoing cardiac surgery.

    DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed and CENTRAL were searched systematically from their inception until June 2018.

    REVIEW METHODS: All the randomised clinical trials (RCTs) were included.

    RESULTS: Twelve trials were eligible (n = 1867) for inclusion in the data synthesis. In comparison to the placebo cohort, the levosimendan cohort showed a significant reduction in mortality (TSA = inconclusive; ρ = 0.002; I2 = 0%; FEM: OR 0.56; 95% CI 0.39, 0.80), especially in the subgroups of preoperative severe low LVEF ≤ 30% (ρ = 0.003; OR 0.33; 95% CI 0.16, 0.69), preoperative administering of levosimendan (ρ = 0.001; OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.29, 0.74) and patients who had bolus followed by infusion of levosimendan (ρ = 0.005; OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.30, 0.81). However, the effect on mortality was not significant in the subgroup analysis of high quality trials (ρ = 0.14; OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.47, 1.12). The levosimendan cohort showed a significantly lower incidence of low-cardiac-output-syndrome (ρ 

  9. Chung F, Waseem R, Wang CY, Seet E, Suen C, Chan MTV, et al.
    J Clin Anesth, 2022 Feb 04;78:110653.
    PMID: 35131555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2022.110653
    STUDY OBJECTIVE: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is known to be associated with postoperative cardiovascular events in patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery. The objective of the study is to determine whether preoperative oximetry-derived hypoxemia predicts postoperative cardiovascular events in surgical patients with unrecognized obstructive sleep apnea.

    DESIGN AND SETTING: The study was a planned post hoc analyses of a multicenter prospective cohort study.

    PATIENTS: The inclusion criteria were patients ≥45 years old undergoing major non-cardiac surgery with cardiovascular risk factors.

    INTERVENTIONS AND MEASUREMENTS: All patients underwent pre-operative pulse oximetry (PULSOX-300i, Konica-Minolta Sensing, Inc). The severity of OSA was classified based on oxygen desaturation index (ODI) (mild: ≥5 to <15, moderate: ≥15 to <30, and severe OSA: ≥30 events/h). The 30 days cardiovascular events were a composite of myocardial injury, cardiac death, congestive heart failure, thromboembolism, atrial fibrillation, and stroke.

    MAIN RESULTS: For 1218 patients with mild, moderate, or severe OSA (mean age: 67.2 ± 9.3 years; body mass index: 27.0 ± 5.3 kg/m2), the rate of postoperative cardiovascular events was 16.4%, 25.2%, and 29.8% respectively. The multivariable analysis showed that preoperative oxygen desaturation index (ODI) ≥30 events per hour {adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.63 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-2.53]}, and cumulative time spent during sleep with oxygen saturation below 80% (CT80) ≥10 min {aHR 1.79 [95% CI: 1.28-2.50]} were independent predictors of 30-day postoperative cardiovascular events.

    CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative ODI ≥30 events per hour and CT80 ≥ 10 min are associated with increased risk of postoperative cardiovascular events. Preoperative screening using oximetry helps in risk stratification for unrecognized sleep apnea.

    CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01494181.

  10. Chiang CF, Hasan MS, Tham SW, Sundaraj S, Faris A, Ganason N
    J Clin Anesth, 2017 Jun;39:82-86.
    PMID: 28494915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2017.03.025
    STUDY OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to determine if a slower speed of spinal anaesthesia injection would reduce the incidence of hypotension.

    STUDY DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial.

    SETTING: Tertiary level hospital in Malaysia.

    PATIENTS: 77 patients undergoing elective Caesarean delivery.

    INTERVENTION: Differing speeds of spinal injection.

    MEASUREMENTS: Systolic blood pressure was assessed every minute for the first 10min and incidence of hypotension (reduction in blood pressure of >30% of baseline) was recorded. The use of vasopressor and occurrence of nausea/vomiting were also recorded.

    MAIN RESULTS: 36 patients in SLOW group and 41 patients in FAST group were recruited into the study. There was no significant difference in blood pressure drop of >30% (p=0.497) between the two groups. There was no difference in the amount of vasopressor used and incidence of nausea/vomiting in both groups.

    CONCLUSION: In our study population, there was no difference in incidence of hypotension and nausea/vomiting when spinal injection time is prolonged beyond 15s to 60s.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.govNCT02275897. Registered on 15 October 2014.

  11. Chua EX, Zahir SMISM, Ng KT, Teoh WY, Hasan MS, Ruslan SRB, et al.
    J Clin Anesth, 2021 Nov;74:110406.
    PMID: 34182261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2021.110406
    STUDY OBJECTIVE: To review the effects of prone position and supine position on oxygenation parameters in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

    DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of non-randomized trials.

    PATIENTS: Databases of EMBASE, MEDLINE and CENTRAL were systematically searched from its inception until March 2021.

    INTERVENTIONS: COVID-19 patients being positioned in the prone position either whilst awake or mechanically ventilated.

    MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcomes were oxygenation parameters (PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio, PaCO₂, SpO₂). Secondary outcomes included the rate of intubation and mortality rate.

    RESULTS: Thirty-five studies (n = 1712 patients) were included in this review. In comparison to the supine group, prone position significantly improved the PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio (study = 13, patients = 1002, Mean difference, MD 52.15, 95% CI 37.08 to 67.22; p 

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