Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 148 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Ahmad M, Zin CS, Ab Rahman AF
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2020 Nov;12(Suppl 2):S737-S742.
    PMID: 33828370 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_298_19
    Introduction: Patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) are commonly associated with peritonitis. However, little is known about the utilization of antibiotics for the treatment of peritonitis in these patients.

    Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the patterns of intraperitoneal (IP) antibiotic utilization for the treatment of peritonitis in CAPD patients.

    Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted at a tertiary hospital setting in Malaysia. Medical records of CAPD patients who were diagnosed with peritonitis and registered with National Kidney Registry from 2013 to 2018 were reviewed. Types of antibiotics used and its dose and duration were recorded and reported using the anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose (ATC/DDD) system.

    Results: A total of 105 peritonitis episodes were recorded from 72 patients. The most common first-line empirical antibiotic combinations used were ceftazidime/cefazolin (40%, n = 42), followed by cefepime/cefazolin (30.5%, n = 32) and ceftazidime/cloxacillin (25.7%, n = 27). The definitive therapy for culture-proven CAPD-related peritonitis (CAPD-P) showed that vancomycin was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic (31.7%, n = 26/82), followed by amikacin (14.6%, n = 12/82), meropenem (11%, n = 9/82) and ampicillin (11%, n = 9/82). Ciprofloxacin was among the least prescribed definitive antibiotics for CAPD-P (2.4%, n = 2/82) but the DDD/100 patient-days estimates showed that it had the highest therapeutic intensity.

    Conclusion: There are various IP antibiotics used for CAPD-P and the most common empirical therapy was the combination of ceftazidime and cefazolin while vancomycin is predominantly used for definitive therapy. Future studies to evaluate the clinical outcomes of the antibiotic use should be conducted to have a better insight on the efficacy of the peritonitis treatment.

  2. Ismail FF, Mohamed Noor Z, Muda SM, Ab Rahman NS
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2020 Nov;12(Suppl 2):S681-S690.
    PMID: 33828361 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_383_19
    Context: The attitude of healthcare professionals and social supports give big influence toward self-esteem of physically disabled people.

    Aims: To explore how impairments could affect the self-esteem of physically disabled people and how healthcare professionals and social support boost their self-esteem.

    Materials and Methods: This study was conducted qualitatively whereby face-to-face interviews were conducted among 10 participants with physical disabilities. Participants were recruited from two rehabilitation centres in Kuantan, namely Community-based rehabilitation and rehabilitation, occupational therapy, and physiotherapy of public hospital in Kuantan. Interviews were conducted using the developed interview guide that explored on the disabled peoples' self-esteem and motivation, feelings toward attitude of the healthcare professionals, and satisfaction toward the physical, services, and social support from the healthcare professionals. Thematic analysis was done to identify the themes emerged from the interview transcripts.

    Results: Five males and five females with age ranging from 31 to 58 years were interviewed. Five are still working or studying post impairments. Participants claimed being low self-esteem resulted from negative perception from the society, issue of rejection, being discriminated, and difficulty in getting support from the society. Most of the participants asserted that they gained their motivation and self-esteem due to the continuous support from various groups, such as their spouses, family members, colleagues, employers, and healthcare professionals.

    Conclusions: Despite heavy workload and stressful working environment, positive attitude showed by the healthcare professionals is highly praised. Hence, this will indirectly improve the self-esteem, motivation, and rehabilitation progress of physically disabled people.

  3. Dellemin NA, Zahari Z, Ahmad Hassali MA, Abdul Rashid S
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2020 10 08;12(4):428-435.
    PMID: 33679089 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_247_19
    Introduction: National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency, Ministry of Health Malaysia has received 1018 adverse drug reaction reports related to paracetamol with 1972 adverse events from the year 2000 to February 2015. Serious skin reactions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis, and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis may develop as a result of allergic reactions of paracetamol. This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire regarding Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception towards Allergic Reactions of Paracetamol (KAP-ARP) among the general population.

    Materials and Methods: Content and face validity of the KAP-ARP were determined by four experts and 20 respondents, respectively. A questionnaire with 36 items, consisting of 16 Knowledge, 9 Attitude, and 11 Perception items, was distributed to 177 respondents. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed for construct validity. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire.

    Results: EFA constructed 13 Knowledge, 8 Attitude, and 8 Perception items. The final KAP-ARP questionnaire is reliable based on its internal consistency reliability (Knowledge: α = 0.78; Attitude: α = 0.63; Perception: α = 0.70).

    Conclusion: A valid and reliable questionnaire that is useful for measuring KAP-ARP among the general population has been developed.

  4. Baharuddin NS, Abdullah H, Abdul Wahab WN
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2015 Jan-Mar;7(1):15-20.
    PMID: 25709331 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.148742
    Galls of Quercus infectoria have been traditionally used to treat common ailments, including yeast infections caused by Candida species.
  5. Rozali MA, Abd Rahman NS, Sulaiman H, Abd Rahman AN, Atiya N, Wan Mat WR, et al.
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2020 Nov;12(Suppl 2):S804-S809.
    PMID: 33828380 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_266_19
    Introduction: Approach to managing infection in the intensive care unit (ICU) often varies between institutions and not many readily adapt to available local guidelines despite it was constructed to suite local clinical scenario. Malaysia already has two published guidelines on managing infection in the ICU but data on its compliance are largely unknown.

    Objectives: A cross-sectional survey was carried out and sent to a total of 868 specialists working primarily in the ICU. The aim of this study was to explore knowledge, perception, and the antibiotic prescribing practice among specialists and advanced trainees in Malaysian ICU.

    Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was used, consisted of three sections: knowledge, perception, and antibiotic prescribing practice in ICU. Three case vignettes on hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), infected necrotizing pancreatitis (INP), and catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) were used to explore antibiotic prescribing practice.

    Results: A total of 868 eligible subjects were approached with 104 responded to the survey. Three hundred eighty-nine antibiotics were chosen from seven different classes in the case vignettes. All respondents acknowledged the importance of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) in antibiotic optimization and majority (97.2%) perceived that current dosing is inadequate to achieve optimal PK/PD target in ICU patients. Majority (85.6%) believed that antibiotic dose should be streamlined to the organisms' minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In terms of knowledge, only 64.4% provided the correct correlations between antibiotics and their respective PK/PD targets. Compliance rates in terms of antibiotic choices were at 79.8%, 77.8%, and 27.9% for HAI, INP, and CRBSI, respectively.

    Conclusion: Malaysian physicians are receptive to use PK/PD approach to optimize antibiotic dosing in ICU patients. Nonetheless, there are still gaps in the knowledge of antibiotic PK/PD as well as its application in the critically ill, especially for β-lactams.

  6. Ashraf K, Sultan S, Adam A
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2018 9 22;10(3):109-118.
    PMID: 30237681 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_253_17
    Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. (Lamiaceae) is a valued medicinal plant in traditional folk medicine. Many pharmacological studies have demonstrated the ability of this plant to exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotection, antigenotoxic, antiplasmodial, cytotoxic, cardioactive, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory activies. This review is a comprehensive summary of the presently available chemical, pharmacological investigations as well as the traditional and therapeutic uses of this plant. Important and different experimental data have been addressed along with a review of all phytochemicals identified in this plant, including flavonoids, terpenoids, and essential oils. O. stamineus has wide traditional and pharmacological uses in various pathophysiological conditions. Therefore, it is an attractive subject for further experimental and clinical investigations.
  7. Jamshed SQ, Wong PS, Yi HC, Yun GS, Khan MU, Ahmad A
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2016 Jul-Sep;8(3):217-22.
    PMID: 27413350 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.172662
    World Health Organization has defined self-medication as the selection and use of medications (including herbal and traditional product) by individuals to treat self-recognized illnesses or symptoms. The prevalence of self-medication is reported to be higher among female students.
  8. Ayob A, Awadh AI, Hadi H, Jaffri J, Jamshed S, Ahmad HM
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2016;8(3):203-9.
    PMID: 27413348 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.171681
    BACKGROUND: Increased usage of cosmetic products has caused a growing concern about the safety of these products, and yet little is known about cosmetics from the consumers' perspective. Hence, this study's aim is to develop a valid and reliable tool for assessing consumers' awareness, perceptions, and attitudes toward cosmetic products.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was developed in the English language based on information collected from a literature search, in-depth interviews conducted with consumers prior to this study and consultations with experts. Subsequently, the questionnaire was subjected to translation, validation, and test-retest reliability. A final version of the questionnaire was piloted among 66 consumers via convenient sampling. A descriptive analysis was performed, and the internal consistency and the differences between variables in the questionnaire were analyzed.

    RESULTS: The developed and translated questionnaire produced repeatable data for each of the domains (Spearman's correlation ≥ 0.7, P < 0.001). The internal consistency for awareness, perceptions and attitudes indicates good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha value of more than 0.7 for each domain). Significant differences were found between the perception scores for the race, religion, and monthly expenses for cosmetic products, respectively, and the same pattern was found for the attitude scores, but monthly expenses for cosmetic products was replaced by monthly income.

    CONCLUSION: The results achieved via the Bahasa Malaysia questionnaire indicated that the developed and translated questionnaire can be used as a valid and reliable tool for assessing consumers' awareness, perceptions, and attitudes toward cosmetic products in Malaysia in future studies.

  9. Alkadi KAA, Ashraf K, Adam A, Shah SAA, Taha M, Hasan MH, et al.
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2020 12 21;13(1):116-122.
    PMID: 34084057 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_279_19
    Objectives: The aim of the present study was to isolate and evaluate cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activities of new novel compounds isolated from Prismatomeris glabra.

    Materials and Methods: Dried root of P. glabra was extracted under reflux with methyl alcohol, fractionated through the vacuum liquid chromatography technique, and evaporated and then purified the compounds using column chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography. THP-1 cells were treated with amentoflavone, 5,7,4'-hydroxyflavonoid, and stigmasterol with various concentrations (0-30 µg/mL) and then incubated with MTS reagent for 2h. Treatment was done for 24, 48, and 72h. Then, effects of these compounds were also tested on PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression in human THP-1-derived macrophage cells for 24h.

    Results: Three new compounds such as amentoflavone, 5,7,4'-hydroxyflavonoid, and stigmasterol were isolated. After 24h of incubation, a significant decrease in cell viability was reported with IC50 values of amentoflavone, 5,7,4'- hydroxyflavonoid, and stigmasterol (21 µg/mL ≡ 38 M), (18 µg/mL ≡ 66 M) and (20 µg/mL ≡ 48.5 M), respectively. Whereas for 48 and 72h treatment showed a less decreased cell viability compared with 24h treatment. These compounds also showed a significant reduction in the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and PGE2 in a dose-dependent manner.

    Conclusions: The isolated new compounds showed significant cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effects.

  10. Alhassan AM, Ahmed QU
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2016 Oct-Dec;8(4):265-271.
    PMID: 28216948 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.199342
    Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. is principally cultivated for medicinal purposes in many tropical and subtropical countries of the world. Literature survey about this plant shows that A. bilimbi is mainly used as a folk medicine in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and as an antimicrobial agent. The prime objective of this review is to accumulate and organize literature based on traditional claims and correlate those with current findings on the use of A. bilimbi in the management of different ailments. Through interpreting already published scientific manuscripts (1995 through 2015) retrieved from the different scientific search engines, namely Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, and Science Direct databases, published articles and reports covering traditional and scientific literature related to A. bilimbi's potential role against various ailments have been thoroughly evaluated, interpreted, and discussed. Several pharmacological studies have demonstrated the ability of this plant to act as antidiabetic, antihypertensive, thrombolytic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and hypolipidemic agent. A. bilimbi holds great value in the complementary and alternative medicine as evidenced by the substantial amount of research on it. Therefore, we aimed to compile an up-to-date and comprehensive review of A. bilimbi that covers its traditional and folk medicine uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Hence, this paper presents an up-to-date and comprehensive review of the ethnomedicinal uses, different chemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of A. bilimbi. So far, the biologically active agents have not been isolated from this plant and this can be a good scientific study for the future antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and antimicrobial implications. Hence, this review targets at emphasizing the diverse traditional claims and pharmacological activities of A. bilimbi with respect to carrying out more scientific studies to isolate active principles through advanced technology.
  11. Ibrahim IR, Hassali MA, Saleem F, Al Tukmagi HF
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2016 Oct-Dec;8(4):284-288.
    PMID: 28216951 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.199349
    BACKGROUND: The self-treatment with complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) in chronic diseases is portraying an expanding trend worldwide. Yet, little is known concerning patients' motives to use CAM in the control of blood pressure.
    OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the self-use of CAM in the management of hypertension and explore patients' attitudes, perceived benefits, and disclosure to the physician.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A qualitative technique was adopted and face-to-face interviews, using a validated interview guide, were carried out among twenty hypertensive patients. A purposive sampling method was used to recruit patients at Al-Karama Teaching Hospital in Baghdad; the capital of Iraq; from January to April 2015. All the interviews were audio-recorded, then transcribed verbatim and examined for thematic relationships.
    RESULTS: Three major themes were identified through thematic content analysis of the interviews. These encompassed patients' understanding of CAM; experience and perceived benefits; and communication with the doctors. The use of CAM was prevalent among the majority of the respondents. The most commonly used therapies were biological-based practices (herbal remedies, special diet, vitamins, and dietary supplements); traditional therapies (Al-Hijama or cupping); and to a less extent of manipulative body-based therapies (reflexology). Factors influencing the use of CAM were traditions, social relationships, religious beliefs, low-cost therapy, and safety of natural products.
    CONCLUSION: The use of CAM was common as a practice of self-treatment among hypertensive patients in Iraq. This was underpinned by the cultural effects, social relationships, religious beliefs, and the perception that natural products are effective and safe. Understanding patients' usage of CAM is of great importance as long as patient's safety and interaction with the standard prescribed treatment are major concerns.
  12. Ghazali FMM, W Ahmad WMA, Srivastava KC, Shrivastava D, Noor NFM, Akbar NAN, et al.
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2021 Jun;13(Suppl 1):S795-S800.
    PMID: 34447203 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_778_20
    Background and Objective: Dyslipidemia is one of the most important risk factors for coronary heart disease with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic dyslipidemia is correlated with reduced concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated concentrations of plasma triglycerides, and increased concentrations of dense small particles of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Furthermore, dyslipidemia is one of the factors that accelerate renal failure in patients with nephropathy that is observed to be higher in these patients. This paper aims to propose the variable selection using the multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network methodology before performing the multiple linear regression (MLR) modeling. Dataset consists of patient with Dyslipidemia, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus was selected to illustrate the design-build methodology. According to clinical expert's opinion and based on their assessment, these variables were chosen, which comprises the level of creatinine, urea, total cholesterol, uric acid, sodium, and HbA1c.

    Materials and Methods: At the first stage, all the selected variables will be a screen for their clinical important point of view, and it was found that creatinine has a significant relationship to the level of urea reading, a total of cholesterol reading, and the level of uric acid reading. By considering the level of significance, α = 0.05, these three variables are being selected and used for the input of the MLP model. Then, the MLR is being applied according to the best variable obtained through MLP process.

    Results: Through the testing/out-sample mean squared error (MSE), the performance of MLP was assessed. MSE is an indication of the distance from the actual findings from our estimates. The smallest MSE of the MLP shows the best variable selection combination in the model.

    Conclusion: In this research paper, we also provide the R syntax for MLP better illustration. The key factors associated with creatinine were urea, total cholesterol, and uric acid in patients with dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

  13. Ahmad WMAW, Ghazali FMM, Yaqoob MA, Alawthah GH, Srivastava KC, Shrivastava D, et al.
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2021 Nov;13(Suppl 2):S1074-S1078.
    PMID: 35017932 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_105_21
    Background and Objectives: According to the global cancer situation, which is very alarming, with over 10 million new diagnoses and more than 6 million deaths each year globally, cancer is one of the most prominent causes of morbidity and mortality today. One of the cancers is oral cancer. Oral cancer is the irregular development of malignant cells in the oral cavity. The study's objective was to decide the mortality of cross-tabulation among patients treated for oral carcinoma from Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kelantan, Malaysia.

    Materials and Methods: This chapter summarizes the medical history for 7 years from January 2011 to December 2018 of patients who have been treated for oral carcinoma in the Hospital USM, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) Unit. Each patient's complete medical record was checked, and data gathered were based on age, gender, site lesion, clinical diagnosis, and mortality. Version 26.0 of the SPSS software was used to evaluate the correlation and distribution of patient survival.

    Results: This was a retrospective cross-sectional review of the medical evidence of 117 patients infected for oral carcinoma at OMFS (Hospital USM). Sixty-seven (57.26%) of the patients were male and fifty (42.74%) were female. Patient age ranged from 25 to 93 years. Malay has the highest prevalence (85.5%) in oral carcinoma, followed by a second ethnic group, Chinese (7.7%). The result indicates that the majority of oral carcinoma patients were over 60 years old.Cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma have proved to be the most prevalent malignant tumour in the mouth cavity. The largest number of cases collected is 91% of the data collected. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (10%) is the second most common small salivary gland tumor.

    Conclusion: OSCC is the most prevalent kind of oral cancer. According to the data review, the most popular site for oral cancer is the tongue.

  14. Tahir M, Upadhyay DK, Iqbal MZ, Rajan S, Iqbal MS, Albassam AA
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2020 10 08;12(4):436-443.
    PMID: 33679090 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_263_20
    Introduction: Community pharmacist's knowledge about the uses of herbal medicines and its adverse drug reactions reporting can contribute in better therapeutic outcomes and patient safety. Objectives: To evaluate community pharmacists' knowledge about the use of herbal medicines and its adverse drug reactions reporting in Kedah state, Malaysia.

    Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among 103 pharmacists from 74 different community pharmacies to assess their knowledge about the use of herbal medicines and its adverse drug reaction reporting by using a pre-validate knowledge questionnaire consisting of 12 questions related to it. The pharmacists' responses were measured at a 3-point Likert scale (Poor=1, Moderate=2, and Good=3) and data was entered in SPSS version 22. The minimum and maximum possible scores for knowledge questionnaires were 12 and 36 respectively. Quantitative data was analyzed by using One Way ANOVA and Paired t-test whereas Chi-square and Fisher exact test were used for qualitative data analysis. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all the analyses.

    Results: About 92% of the pharmacist had good knowledge regarding the use of herbal medicines and its adverse drug reaction reporting with a mean knowledge score of 32.88±3.16. One-way ANOVA determined a significant difference of employment setting (p<0.043) and years of experience (<0.008) with mean knowledge scores of Pharmacists. Pharmacists' knowledge was significantly associated with their years of experience with the Chi-square test.

    Conclusion: Pharmacists exhibit good knowledge regarding the use of herbal medicines and its adverse drug reaction reporting. However, with an increasing trend of herbal medicine use and its adverse drug reaction reporting it recalls the empowerment of experienced pharmacists with training programs in this area for better clinical outcomes.

  15. Khan AH, Iqbal MZ, Syed Sulaiman SA, Ibrahim A, Azmi NSBY, Iqbal MS, et al.
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2020 12 21;13(1):108-115.
    PMID: 34084056 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_475_20
    Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that can initiate organ damage inside the body if not treated appropriately. Apart from tight glycemic control, a suitable educational intervention is also needed from health-care providers to stop or decrease the progression of organ damage in diabetic patients. This study intended to measure the impact of pharmacist-led educational intervention on improvement in predictors of diabetic foot in two different hospitals in Malaysia.

    Materials and Methods: In two tertiary care selected hospitals, the included diabetic patients were randomly divided into two study arms. In the control group, 200 patients who were receiving usual treatment from hospitals were included. However, in the intervention group, those 200 patients who were receiving usual treatment along with counseling sessions from pharmacists under the Diabetes Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic (DMTAC) program were included. The study continued for 1 year, and there were four follow-up visits for both study arms. A prevalidated data collection form was used to measure the improvement in predictors of diabetic foot in included patients. Data were analyzed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software program, version 24.0.

    Results: With the average decrease of 1.97% of HbA1c values in the control group and 3.43% in the intervention group, the univariate and multivariate analysis showed a statistically significant difference between both of the study arms in the improvement of predictors belonging to the diabetic foot (P < 0.05). The proportion of patients without any signs and symptoms of the diabetic foot in the intervention group was 91.7%, which increased from 42.3% at baseline (P < 0.05). However, this proportion in the control group was 76.9% at the fourth follow-up, from 48.3% at baseline (P < 0.05).

    Conclusion: A statistically significant reduction in the signs and symptoms of diabetic foot was observed in the intervention group at the end of 1 year. The progression of diabetic foot was significantly decreased in the pharmacist intervention group.

  16. Jibril FI, Mohd Hilmi AB, Aliyu S
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2020 Nov;12(Suppl 2):S831-S835.
    PMID: 33828385 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_280_19
    Introduction: Stingless bee is an insect that belongs to the family Apidae. Its name is based on its disability of stinging. It has a high product of Meliponini honey and propolis by which are commonly referred to as stingless bee honey and stingless bee propolis. Meliponini honey is one of the crucial natural sources and has the potential to kill infectious microorganisms. Previous studies have proved that the antibacterial activity of natural honey was an effect of hydrogen peroxide, a substance contained in the honey. However, these claims were contradicting with too many studies.

    Objective: Therefore, this study aimed to identify the antibacterial activity of Malaysian Meliponini honey which contained non-hydrogen peroxide against Staphylococcus aureus, an opportunistic microbial.

    Materials and Methods: Meliponini honey was used as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of S. aureus in agar well diffusion assay. An amplex red hydrogen peroxide kit was used to identify the hydrogen peroxide in the honey sample. Meanwhile, non-hydrogen peroxide activity was performed by using honey-catalase treated.

    Results: For the first time, we found that hydrogen peroxide was absent in all Meliponini honey samples. Meliponini honey has higher antibacterial activity (13.30 ± 0.56mm) compared to Apis honey (9.03 ± 0.22mm) in agar well diffusion assay.

    Discussion: Non-hydrogen peroxide in Meliponini honey is a bioactive compound and beneficial to kill the microbial infection.

    Conclusion: Antibacterial activity of Malaysian Meliponini honey is directly contributed by non-hydrogen peroxide.

  17. Nazir SU, Hassali MA, Saleem F, Bashir S, Hashmi F, Aljadhey H
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2016 Jan-Mar;8(1):64-8.
    PMID: 26957872 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.171734
    OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) profile of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) population attending outpatient clinics in Sargodha City, Pakistan.
    METHODS: The study was designed as a cross-sectional descriptive survey. T2DM patients attending a tertiary care institute in Sargodha, Pakistan were targeted for the study. The EuroQol EQ-5D was used for the assessment of HRQoL and was scored using values derived from the UK general population survey. Descriptive statistics were used for the elaboration of sociodemographic characteristics. The Chi-square test was used to depict the possible association between study variables and HRQoL. Where significant associations were noted, Phi/Cramer's V was used for data interpretation accordingly. SPSS version 21 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for data analysis and P < 0.05 was taken as significant.
    RESULTS: Three hundred and ninety-two patients were approached for the study. The cohort was dominated by males (n = 222, 56.60%) with 5.58 ± 4.09 years of history of T2DM. The study highlighted poor HRQoL among the study participants (0.471 ± 0.336). Gender, marital status, education, monthly income, occupation, location and duration of the disease were reported to be significantly associated with HRQoL (P < 0.001).
    CONCLUSION: T2DM imposes a negative effect on HRQoL of the patients. Attention is needed to highlight determinants of HRQoL and to implement policies for better management of T2DM, particularly in early treatment phases where improving HRQoL is still possible.
    KEYWORDS: EQ-5D; Pakistan; health-related quality of life; type 2 diabetes mellitus
  18. Upadhyay DK, Mohamed Ibrahim MI, Mishra P, Alurkar VM
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2020 07 18;12(3):234-245.
    PMID: 33100782 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_6_20
    Introduction: Diabetics face a series of challenges that affect all aspects of their daily life. Diabetes related complications adversely affect patient's health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Knowledge and self-care skills of diabetics are corner stones to improve their HRQoL.

    Objective: To assess the impact of pharmacist-supervised intervention on HRQoL of newly diagnosed diabetics using an Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL) questionnaire.

    Materials and Methods: A pre-post comparison study was conducted among the control group (CG), test 1 group (T1G) and test 2 group (T2G) patients with three treatment arms to explore the impact of pharmacist-supervised intervention on HRQoL of newly diagnosed diabetics for 18 months. Patients' HRQoL scores were determined using ADDQoL questionnaire at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12-months. T1G patients received pharmacist's intervention whereas T2G patients received diabetic kit demonstration in addition to pharmacist's intervention. CG patients were deprived of pharmacist intervention and diabetic kit demonstration, and only received care from attending physician/nurses. Non-parametric tests were used to find the differences in an average weighted impact scores (AWIS) among the groups before and after the intervention at P ≤ 0.05.

    Results: Friedman test identified significant (P < 0.001) improvement in AWIS among the test groups' patients. Differences in scores were significant between T1G and T2G at 6-months (P = 0.033), 9-months (P < 0.001) and 12-months (P < 0.001); between CG and T1G at 12-months (P < 0.001) and between CG and T2G at 9-months (P < 0.001) and 12-months (P < 0.0010) on Mann.Whitney U test.

    Conclusion: Pharmacist's intervention improved AWIS of test groups' diabetics. Diabetic kit demonstration strengthened the disease understanding and selfcare skills of T2G patients. Disease and self-care awareness among diabetics should be increased in Nepali healthcare system by involving pharmacists for better patient's related outcomes.

  19. Shaiqah MR, Salahuddin HM, Afiful Huda AYA, Izzuddin M, Nur Shafiq NIM, Nur Hakimah MA, et al.
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2020 Nov;12(Suppl 2):S703-S706.
    PMID: 33828364 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_249_19
    Introduction: Royal jelly (RJ) has been consumed as food or as a supplement because of its high nutritional and medicinal values. A fresh harvested RJ is yellowish to whitish in color and contains proteins, free amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and sugar. Without proper storage conditions, such as at 4°C, the color of RJ changes to much darker yellow and produces a rancid smell. To prolong its shelf life, RJ is usually mixed with honey. Alginate, a natural and edible polymer derived from seaweed, is commonly used to encapsulate drugs and food due to its ability to form gels by reacting with divalent cations. However, there is a lack of research on the microencapsulation of RJ in alginate using electrospray. The electrospray technique has the advantage in producing consistent size and shape of alginate microbeads under optimum parameters.

    Aim: This research aimed to optimize electrospray-operating parameters in producing alginate-RJ microbeads.

    Materials and Methods: Optimization of alginate-RJ microbeads electrospray parameters was carried out using 24 factorial design with three center points (19 runs). The studied parameters were flow rate, high voltage, nozzle size, and tip-to-collector distance, whereas the responses were particle size, particle size distribution, and sphericity factor. The responses of each run were analyzed using Design-Expert software.

    Results: Nozzle size is a significant parameter that influences the particle size. Flow rate is a significant parameter influencing the sphericity factor.

    Conclusion: Screening of the electrospray-operating parameters paves the way in determining the significant parameters and their design space to produce consistent alginate-RJ microbeads.

  20. Hasamnis AA, Arya A
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2017 Oct-Dec;9(4):282-283.
    PMID: 29456381 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_96_17
    Cardiac arrhythmias are a major cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. Learning the science behind the use of antiarrhythmic drugs is essential for all medical graduates. However, many antiarrhythmic drugs are available, and most of them have complex pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles. We tried to improvise our teaching by conducting interactive, worksheet-based, small-group discussion on antiarrhythmic drugs with preclinical students of School of Medicine, Taylor's University, Malaysia. This survey was conducted to analyze the outcomes of worksheet-based, small-group discussion.
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links