Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 88 in total

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  1. Muhammad Fauzee Hamdan, Shariffah Suhaila Syed Jamaludin, Abdul Aziz Jemain
    MATEMATIKA, 2018;34(101):167-177.
    MyJurnal
    Rainfall is an interesting phenomenon to investigate since it is directly related
    to all aspects of life on earth. One of the important studies is to investigate and under-
    stand the rainfall patterns that occur throughout the year. To identify the pattern, it
    requires a rainfall curve to represent daily observation of rainfall received during the year.
    Functional data analysis methods are capable to convert discrete data intoa function that
    can represent the rainfall curve and as a result, try to describe the hidden patterns of the
    rainfall. This study focused on the distribution of daily rainfall amount using functional
    data analysis. Fourier basis functions are used for periodic rainfall data. Generalized
    cross-validation showed 123 basis functions were sufficient to describe the pattern of daily
    rainfall amount. North and west areas of the peninsula show a significant bimodal pattern
    with the curve decline between two peaks at the mid-year. Meanwhile,the east shows uni-
    modal patterns that reached a peak in the last three months. Southern areas show more
    uniform trends throughout the year. Finally, the functional spatial method is introduced
    to overcome the problem of estimating the rainfall curve in the locations with no data
    recorded. We use a leave one out cross-validation as a verification method to compare
    between the real curve and the predicted curve. We used coefficient of basis functions
    to get the predicted curve. It was foundthatthe methods ofspatial prediction can match
    up with theexistingspatialpredictionmethodsin terms of accuracy,but it isbetterasthe new
    approach provides a simpler calculation.
  2. Yusof, F. M., Md. Ismail, A. I. B., Abu Hasan, Y.
    MATEMATIKA, 2018;34(2):205-226.
    MyJurnal
    Hantaviruses are etiological agents of zoonotic diseases and certain other dis-
    eases, which pose a serious threat to human health. When rodent and predator popula-
    tions share in an ecology, the competitive force of the populations can lead to a reduction
    or elimination of a hantavirus outbreak. The effect of the predator eliminating rodents
    and predator populations that tends to reduce or eliminate hantavirus infection is investi-
    gated. The existence of several equilibrium points of the model is identified and local and
    global stabilities of the model at these equilibrium points are analysed in detail. Numerical
    simulations are carried out to illustrate our model results.
  3. Hafizudin Mohamad Nor, Amirah Rahman, Ahmad Izani Md. Ismail, Ahmad Abd. Majid
    MATEMATIKA, 2016;32(1):53-67.
    MyJurnal
    Homotopy continuation methods (HCMs) can be used to find the solutions
    of polynomial equations. The advantages of HCMs over classical methods such as the
    Newton and bisection methods are that HCMs are able to resolve divergence and starting
    value problems. In this paper, we develop Super Ostrowski-HCM as a technique to
    overcome the starting value problem. We compare the performance of this proposed
    method with Ostrowski-HCM. The results provide evidence of the superiority of Super
    Ostrowski-HCM.
  4. Nur Idayu Alimon, Nor Haniza Sarmin, Ahmad Erfanian
    MATEMATIKA, 2019;35(1):51-57.
    MyJurnal
    Topological indices are numerical values that can be analysed to predict the chemical properties of the molecular structure and the topological indices are computed for a graph related to groups. Meanwhile, the conjugacy class graph of is defined as a graph with a vertex set represented by the non-central conjugacy classes of . Two distinct vertices are connected if they have a common prime divisor. The main objective of this article is to find various topological indices including the Wiener index, the first Zagreb index and the second Zagreb index for the conjugacy class graph of dihedral groups of order where the dihedral group is the group of symmetries of regular polygon, which includes rotations and reflections. Many topological indices have been determined for simple and connected graphs in general but not graphs related to groups. In this article, the Wiener index and Zagreb index of conjugacy class graph of dihedral groups are generalized.
  5. Amira Fadina Ahmad Fadzil, Rabiha Mahmoud, Nor Haniza Sarmin, Ahmad Erfanian
    MATEMATIKA, 2019;35(1):59-65.
    MyJurnal
    Let G be a dihedral group and ??cl G its conjugacy class graph. The Laplacian energy of the graph, LE(??cl G) is defined as the sum of the absolute values of the difference between the Laplacian eigenvalues and the ratio of twice the edges number divided by the vertices number. In this research, the Laplacian matrices of the conjugacy class graph of some dihedral groups, generalized quaternion groups, quasidihedral groups and their eigenvalues are first computed. Then, the Laplacian energy of the graphs are determined.
  6. Amira Fadina Ahmad Fadzil, Nor Haniza Sarmin, Ahmad Erfanian
    MATEMATIKA, 2019;35(3):371-376.
    MyJurnal
    Let g be a finite group and s be a subset of g, where s does not include
    the identity of g and is inverse closed. A cayley graph of a group g with respect to the
    subset s is a graph, where its vertices are the elements of g and two vertices a and b
    are connected if ab-1 is in the subset s. The energy of a cayley graph is the sum of all
    absolute values of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. In this paper, we consider a
    specific subset s = {b, ab, . . . , An-1b} for dihedral groups of order 2n, where n 3 and find
    the cayley graph with respect to the set. We also calculate the eigenvalues and compute
    the energy of the respected cayley graphs. Finally, the generalization of the energy of the
    respected cayley graphs is found.
  7. Nabilah Najmuddin, Nor Haniza Sarmin, Ahmad Erfanian
    MATEMATIKA, 2019;35(2):149-155.
    MyJurnal
    A domination polynomial is a type of graph polynomial in which its coefficients represent the number of dominating sets in the graph. There are many researches being done on the domination polynomial of some common types of graphs but not yet for graphs associated to finite groups. Two types of graphs associated to finite groups are the conjugate graph and the conjugacy class graph. A graph of a group G is called a conjugate graph if the vertices are non-central elements of G and two distinct vertices are adjacent if they are conjugate to each other. Meanwhile, a conjugacy class graph of a group G is a graph in which its vertices are the non-central conjugacy classes of G and two distinct vertices are connected if and only if their class cardinalities are not coprime. The conjugate and conjugacy class graph of dihedral groups can be expressed generally as a union of complete graphs on some vertices. In this paper, the domination polynomials are computed for the conjugate and conjugacy class graphs of the dihedral groups.
  8. Fauzi Mohamed Yusof, Mohd Hafiz Mohd, Yazariah Mohd Yatim, Ahmad Izani Md. Ismail
    MATEMATIKA, 2020;36(1):1-14.
    MyJurnal
    In this paper, the combined influences of biotic interactions, environmental components and harvesting strategy on the spread of Hantavirus are investigated. By employing a multi-species model consisting of (susceptible and infected) rodents and alien species, we show that interspecific competition from alien species has an effect in reducing the spread of infection, and this species could be employed as a potential biocontrol agent. Our analysis using numerical continuation and simulation also reveals the conditions under which Hantavirus infection occurs and disappears as the environmental conditions and the intensity of harvesting change. Without harvesting, infection emerges when environments are conducive. Inclusion of moderate harvesting in favourable environments can lead to disappearance of infection among rodent species. However, as the intensity of harvesting increases, this situation can cause extinction of all rodents species and consequently, jeopardise biodiversity. Overall, our results demonstrate how the interplay of different factors can combine to determine the spread of infectious diseases.
  9. Nurliyana Juhan, Yong Zulina Zubairi, Zarina Mohd Khalid, Ahmad Syadi Mahmood Zuhdi
    MATEMATIKA, 2018;34(101):15-23.
    MyJurnal
    Cardiovascular disease (CVD) includes coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease (stroke), peripheral artery disease, and atherosclerosis of the aorta. All females face the threat of CVD. But becoming aware of symptoms and signs is a great challenge since most adults at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have no symptoms or obvious signs especially in females. The symptoms may be identified by the assessment of their risk factors. The Bayesian approach is a specific way in dealing with this kind of problem by formalizing a priori beliefs and of combining them with the available observations. This study aimed to identify associated risk factors in CVD among female patients presenting with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) using Bayesian logistic regression and obtain a feasible model to describe the data. A total of 874 STEMI female patients in the National Cardiovascular Disease Database-Acute Coronary Syndrome (NCVD-ACS) registry year 2006-2013 were analysed. Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation approach was applied in the univariate and multivariate analysis. Model performance was assessed through the model calibration and discrimination. The final multivariate model of STEMI female patients consisted of six significant variables namely smoking, dyslipidaemia, myocardial infarction (MI), renal disease, Killip class and age group. Females aged 65 years and above have higher incidence of CVD and mortality is high among female patients with Killip class IV. Also, renal disease was a strong predictor of CVD mortality. Besides, performance measures for the model was considered good. Bayesian logistic regression model provided a better understanding on the associated risk factors of CVD for female patients which may help tailor prevention or treatment plans more effectively.
  10. Mohd Ismail Abd Aziz, Noryanti Nasir, Akbar Banitalebi
    MATEMATIKA, 2019;35(1):95-104.
    MyJurnal
    Successful oil palm plantation should have high profit, clean and environmental friendly. Since oil palm trees have a long life and it takes years to be fully grown, controlling the felling rate of the oil palm trees is a fundamental challenge. It needs to be addressed in order to maximize oil production. However, a good arrangement of the felling of the oil palm trees may also affect the amount of carbon absorption. The objec- tive of this study is to develop an optimal felling model of the oil palm plantation system taking into account both oil production and carbon absorption. The model facilitates in providing the optimal control of felling rate that results in maximizing both oil produc- tion and carbon absorption. With this aim, the model is formulated considering oil palm biomass, carbon absorption rate, oil production rate and the average prices of carbon and oil palm. A set of real data is used to estimate the parameters of the model and numerical simulation is conducted to highlight the application of the proposed model. The resulting parameter estimation that leads to an optimal control of felling rate problem is solved.
  11. Chai, Jin Sian, Hoe, Yeak Su, Ali H. M. Murid
    MATEMATIKA, 2018;34(2):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    A mathematical model is considered to determine the effectiveness of disin-
    fectant solution for surface decontamination. The decontamination process involved the
    diffusion of bacteria into disinfectant solution and the reaction of the disinfectant killing
    effect. The mathematical model is a reaction-diffusion type. Finite difference method and
    method of lines with fourth-order Runge-Kutta method are utilized to solve the model
    numerically. To obtain stable solutions, von Neumann stability analysis is employed to
    evaluate the stability of finite difference method. For stiff problem, Dormand-Prince
    method is applied as the estimated error of fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. MATLAB
    programming is selected for the computation of numerical solutions. From the results
    obtained, fourth-order Runge-Kutta method has a larger stability region and better ac-
    curacy of solutions compared to finite difference method when solving the disinfectant
    solution model. Moreover, a numerical simulation is carried out to investigate the effect
    of different thickness of disinfectant solution on bacteria reduction. Results show that
    thick disinfectant solution is able to reduce the dimensionless bacteria concentration more
    effectively.
  12. Amir S. A. Hamzah, Ali H. M. Murid
    MATEMATIKA, 2018;34(2):293-311.
    MyJurnal
    This study presents a mathematical model examining wastewater pollutant removal through
    an oxidation pond treatment system. This model was developed to describe the reaction
    between microbe-based product mPHO (comprising Phototrophic bacteria (PSB)), dissolved
    oxygen (DO) and pollutant namely chemical oxygen demand (COD). It consists
    of coupled advection-diffusion-reaction equations for the microorganism (PSB), DO and
    pollutant (COD) concentrations, respectively. The coupling of these equations occurred
    due to the reactions between PSB, DO and COD to produce harmless compounds. Since
    the model is nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), coupled, and dynamic, computational
    algorithm with a specific numerical method, which is implicit Crank-Nicolson
    method, was employed to simulate the dynamical behaviour of the system. Furthermore,
    numerical results revealed that the proposed model demonstrated high accuracy when
    compared to the experimental data.
  13. Siti Nur Haseela Izani, Anati Ali
    MATEMATIKA, 2019;35(2):187-200.
    MyJurnal
    The heat and mass transfer of steady magnetohydrodynamics of dusty Jeffrey fluid past an exponentially stretching sheet in the presence of thermal radiation have been investigated. The main purpose of this study is to conduct a detailed analysis of flow behaviour of suspended dust particles in non-Newtonian fluid. The governing equations hav been converted into dimensionless form, and then solved numerically via the Keller-box method. The expression of Sherwood number, Nusselt number and skin friction have been evaluated, and then displayed in tabular forms. Velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are presented graphically. It is observed that large value of dust particles mass concentration parameter has reduced the flow velocity significantly. Increase in radiation parameter enhances the temperature, whereas the increment in Schmidt number parameter reduces the concentration.
  14. Alfa Mohammed Salisu, Ani Shabri
    MATEMATIKA, 2020;36(2):141-156.
    MyJurnal
    This paper proposes A Hybrid Wavelet-Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (W-ARIMA) model to explore the ability of the hybrid model over an ARIMA model. It combines two methods, a Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and ARIMA model using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) drought data for forecasting drought modeling development. SPI data from January 1954 to December 2008 used was divided into two - (80%/20% for training/testing respectively). The results were compared with the conventional ARIMA model with Mean Square Error (MSE) and Mean Average Error (MAE) as an error measure. The results of the proposed method achieved the best forecasting performance.
  15. Muhammad Fadhil Marsani, Ani Shabri
    MATEMATIKA, 2019;35(3):297-308.
    MyJurnal
    This journal renders the random walk behaviour of the Malaysian daily share return, through tests of efficient market hypothesis (EMH) based on three different financial periods, namely growth, financial crisis, and recovery period. This review also covers the behaviour of extreme return for weekly and monthly series generated from Block maxima-minima method. Autocorrelation Function test (ACF) and Ljung-Box test had been employed to measure average correlation between observations, while Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), Phillips-Perron (PP), Kwiatkowski Phillips Schmidt Shin (KPSS) test had been used to scan the unit root and the stationarity. Multiple variance ratio tests had also been conducted to examine the random walk behaviour. Serial correlation test indicated that the movement of daily return during the financial crisis period was weak-form efficiency. The unit root and stationary tests suggested that each daily series was stationary, but trend stationary for extreme cases. Variance ratio tests indicated that the return during the recovery period was weak-form inefficiency due to the short lag autocorrelation in series.
  16. Bako Sunday Samuel, Mohd Bakri Adam, Anwar Fitrianto
    MATEMATIKA, 2018;34(2):365-380.
    MyJurnal
    Recent studies have shown that independent identical distributed Gaussian
    random variables is not suitable for modelling extreme values observed during extremal
    events. However, many real life data on extreme values are dependent and stationary
    rather than the conventional independent identically distributed data. We propose a stationary
    autoregressive (AR) process with Gumbel distributed innovation and characterise
    the short-term dependence among maxima of an (AR) process over a range of sample
    sizes with varying degrees of dependence. We estimate the maximum likelihood of the
    parameters of the Gumbel AR process and its residuals, and evaluate the performance
    of the parameter estimates. The AR process is fitted to the Gumbel-generalised Pareto
    (GPD) distribution and we evaluate the performance of the parameter estimates fitted
    to the cluster maxima and the original series. Ignoring the effect of dependence leads to
    overestimation of the location parameter of the Gumbel-AR (1) process. The estimate
    of the location parameter of the AR process using the residuals gives a better estimate.
    Estimate of the scale parameter perform marginally better for the original series than the
    residual estimate. The degree of clustering increases as dependence is enhance for the AR
    process. The Gumbel-AR(1) fitted to the threshold exceedances shows that the estimates
    of the scale and shape parameters fitted to the cluster maxima perform better as sample
    size increases, however, ignoring the effect of dependence lead to an underestimation of
    the parameter estimates of the scale parameter. The shape parameter of the original
    series gives a superior estimate compare to the threshold excesses fitted to the Gumbel
    distributed Generalised Pareto ditribution.
  17. Siti Rohani Mohd Nor, Fadhilah Yusof, Arifah Bahar
    MATEMATIKA, 2018;34(2):227-233.
    MyJurnal
    The incorporation of non-linear pattern of early ages has led to new research
    directions on improving the existing stochastic mortalitymodel structure. Several authors
    have outlined the importance of encompassing the full age range in dealing with longevity
    risk exposure, by not ignoring the dependence between young and old ages. In this study,
    we consider the two extensions of the Cairns, Blake and Dowd model that incorporate the
    irregularity profile seen at the mortality of lower ages, which are the Plat, and the O’Hare
    and Li models respectively. The models’ performances in terms of in-sample fitting and
    out-sample forecasts were examined and compared. The results indicated that the O’Hare
    and Li model performs better as compared to the Plat model.
  18. Fasihah Zulkiflee, Ahmad Qushairi Mohamad, Sharidan Shafie, Arshad Khan
    MATEMATIKA, 2019;35(2):117-127.
    MyJurnal
    Free convection flow in a boundary layer region is a motion that results from the interaction of gravity with density differences within a fluid. These differences occur due to temperature or concentration gradients or due to their composition. Studies per- taining free convection flows of incompressible viscous fluids have received much attention in recent years both theoretically (exact or approximate solutions) and experimentally. The situation where the heat be transported to the convective fluid via a bounding sur- face having finite heat capacity is known as Newtonian heating (or conjugate convective flows). In this paper, the unsteady free convection flow of an incompressible viscous fluid between two parallel plates with Newtonian heating is studied. Appropriate non- dimensional variables are used to reduce the dimensional governing equations along with imposed initial and boundary conditions into dimensionless forms. The exact solutions for velocity and temperature are obtained using the Laplace transform technique. The corresponding expressions for skin friction and Nusselt number are also calculated. The graphical results are displayed to illustrate the influence of various embedded parameters such as Newtonian heating parameter and Grashof number. The results show that the effect of Newtonian heating parameter increases the Nusselt number but reduces the skin friction.
  19. S. Alrehaili, C. Beddani
    MATEMATIKA, 2019;35(2):271-282.
    MyJurnal
    The commutativity degree is the probability that a pair of elements chosen randomly from a group commute. The concept of commutativity degree has been widely discussed by several authors in many directions. One of the important generalizations of commutativity degree is the probability that a random element from a finite group G fixes a random element from a non-empty set S that we call the action degree of groups. In this research, the concept of action degree is further studied where some inequalities and bounds on the action degree of finite groups are determined. Moreover, a general relation between the action degree of a finite group G and a subgroup H is provided. Next, the action degree for the direct product of two finite groups is determined. Previously, the action degree was only de?ned for ?nite groups, the action degree for ?nitely generated groups will be de?ned in this research and some bounds on them are going to be determined.
  20. Nazatulsyima Mohd Yazid, Kim, Gaik Tay, Wei, King Tiong, Yaan, Yee Choy, Azila Md Sudin, Chee, Tiong Ong
    MATEMATIKA, 2017;33(1):35-41.
    MyJurnal
    In this paper, the application of the method of lines (MOL) to the Forced
    Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers equation with variable coefficient (FKdVB) is presented.
    The MOL is a powerful technique for solving partial differential equations by typically
    using finite-difference approximations for the spatial derivatives and ordinary differential
    equations (ODEs) for the time derivative. The MOL approach of the FKdVB
    equation leads to a system of ODEs. The solution of the system of ODEs is obtained
    by applying the Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta (RK4) method. The numerical solution
    obtained is then compared with its progressive wave solution in order to show the
    accuracy of the MOL method.
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