Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 1139 in total

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  1. Qudsiah Suliman, Salmiah Md. Said, Nor Afiah Mohd. Zulkefli, Lim Poh Ying, Tan Kit-Aun
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Despite advancement of treatment modalities, Tuberculosis (TB) treatment interruption rate has glob- ally accelerating, calling for greater framework shifting towards psychosocial intervention. Similarly, Selangor state had reported the perturbing TB treatment interruption rate, which was figured persistently above 10% in the interval year of 2014 to 2018, thus signifies an empirical assessment on Information-Motivation-Behavioural skills (IMB) determinants of TB intensive phase treatment. This study aims to determine the time to intensive phase TB treatment interruption and its prognostic factors among newly diagnosed pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) smear positive patients in urban district Selangor. Methods: A multi-centric prospective cohort study will recruit 695 newly diagnosed PTB smear positive patients at treatment centres in urban districts, Selangor. This study will utilize validated self-admin- istered questionnaire and standardised data collection form (PROFORMA). At baseline, we will elicit information on IMB models constructs, additionally on socio-demographics, health service factors and clinical characteristics. Meanwhile, four points follow up will be executed to retrieve information on treatment status and time varying effects of body weight, treatment side effects, symptoms improvement and internalised stigma. Finally, survival analysis will be computed to identify the time to intensive phase treatment interruption and its prognostic factors. Conclusion: This study will enlighten IMB model determinants of intensive phase treatment interruption, hence to endeavour psychosocial elements in designing time relevant public health strategies in TB case management.
  2. Asma’ Ali, Nurul Atiqah Khasbullah, Fauziah Tufail Ahmad, Hayati Mohd Yusof
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: There is an emergent increase of ultra-processed food consumption in developing countries including Malaysia which carries a likelihood towards the increase of obesity. However, few studies have been done in relating between ultra-processed consumption and obesity, especially in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aims to determine the consumption of ultra-processed foods and its relationship with BMI and body fat percentage among university committee in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among 167 individuals aged 18 to 59 years old in Kuala Nerus. Data were collected using a researcher-administered questionnaire which consisted of three different sections: socio-demographic profile, two days 24-hour dietary recall, and nutritional status assessment on BMI and body fat percentage. Consumption of ultra-processed foods were determined by classifying two days 24-hour dietary recall based on ultra-processed food classification. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 with p
  3. Lim Hui Li, Heng Pei Pei, Teh Chien Huey, Kee Chee Cheon, Sumarni Mohd Ghazali, Lim Kuang Hock, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Minimizing smoking initiation among adolescents has been identified as a strategy to reduce the preva- lence of tobacco induced diseases among Malaysian adults. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with smoking among secondary school- going adolescents in the state of Kelantan, Malaysia. Methods: A school-based survey was carried out in Kelantan to determine the prevalence and associated factors of smoking among Kelantanese adolescents. Two-stage cluster sampling was used to ensure the representativeness of the sample. A self-administered validated questionnaire was utilised to obtain data from the selected respondents. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with smoking behaviour among school-going adolescents. Results: The study revealed that 10.1% (95 CI 8.5-11.9%) of the selected respondents were current smokers. The prevalence of male who smoked was significantly higher compared to female. MLR revealed that, males, respondents with at least one smoking parent/guardian, as well as the respondents with less supportive parents/ guardian were more likely to smoke. However, by having a few numbers of close friends and helpful peers in the school had shown no significant association for being the current smokers. Conclusion: The study showed that the prevalence of smoking was a bit lower than the national prevalence, and smoking behaviour was predominant among male adolescents in Kelantan state. Comprehensive measures with the involvement of parents/guardians were imperative to tackle smoking habits among adolescents by targeting high-risk groups identified in the study.
  4. Ahmad Rashidi Mohamed Tahir, Nurasmaa Agussaiful, Shairyzah Ahmad Hisham, Aneesa Abdul Rashid, Ahmad Yusuf Yahaya, Navin Kumar Devaraj
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Since 1978, Rohingya refugees have fled from their native nation, Myanmar to escape ethnic prose- cution. They comprise of the Muslim minority ethnic group originating from the Rakhine state in Myanmar. In many host countries, they may have difficulty to access health care services. The Islamic Association of Malaysia (IMAM) Response and Relief Team (IMARET) have taken many initiatives to provide healthcare services to the refugees through their volunteer-led mobile clinics. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the utilisation of drugs among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients visiting this clinic. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among Rohingya refugees with T2DM that visited the IMARET mobile clinics from August until November 2017. Convenient sampling method was used. Data were collected through patient’s interview, review of the patient’s prescriptions and their HbA1c readings. Results: A total of 29 T2DM patients were included in this study. The majority were female (75.9%) and aged below 65 years old (75.9%). The most commonly prescribed anti-diabetic agent was metformin (72.2%), followed by glibenclamide (22.2%) and gliclazide (5.6%). Metformin as a monotherapy (31%) was the most frequent treatment prescribed. More patients had controlled T2DM (62.1%) compared to those with uncontrolled DM. We found 90.9% of patients who were treated according to the recommended DM guidelines achieved a good blood glucose control (p=0.02). Conclusion: In Rohingya refugees having T2DM who were treated in the IMARET mobile clinic, the percentage having good control DM status is higher in those whose treatment regimen adheres to the clinical practice guidelines.
  5. Mohan Arumugam1, Adawiyah Jamil1, Norazirah Md Nor, Mazlin Baseri, Norlaila Mustafa, Suganthi Thevarajah
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) and its severity has been inconsistently associated with lower vitamin D levels as multiple other factors that influence vitamin D status were not always assessed. Methods: A case control study involving AD patients and controls 18 years old was performed. Exclusion criteria were systemic immunosuppres- sion  4 weeks prior to recruitment, renal or hepatic impairment, parathyroid diseases and vitamin D or calcium supplementation. Healthy controls were matched for age, gender, ethnicity, Fitzpatrick skin type and body mass index (BMI). Sun exposure, a 3-day, 24-hour dietary recall and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured. Re- sults: 38 AD patients and 38 controls participated. Majority had Fitzpatrick skin type IV. Vitamin D was lower in AD [15.9(9.9-24.0)ng/ml] than controls [17.3(14.4-27.2)ng/ml], p= 0.028. It was sufficient in 16(42.1%) AD and 15(39.5%) controls, insufficient in 7(18.4%) AD and 22(57.9%) controls and deficient in 15(39.5%) AD compared to 1(2.6%) control. Sun exposure was similar in both groups. AD had significantly higher dietary vitamin D intake [1.5(0.6-3.1) vs 0.6 (0.3-1.0)µg]. AD was an independant risk for vitamin D deficiency with OR 17.52; 95%CI:1.4-
    212.7 and vitamin D insufficiency OR 0.26;95%CI:0.07-0.95. Vitamin D levels did not correlate with AD severity. Conclusion: AD is a risk for vitamin D deficiency despite higher dietary intake and similar skin type, BMI and sun exposure as controls.
  6. Aneesa Abdul Rashid, Navin Kumar Devaraj, Zuhra Hamzah, Tan Chai Eng
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Diabetic control depends partially on self-management. Diabetes self-care is reported to be a strong predictor of glycemic control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. Factors contributing to better self-care include self-efficacy and social support. We aim to determine effects of these factors on glucose control in T2DM patients in a primary care clinic. Methods: This study utilised data from a bigger study looking into factors affecting social support and self-efficacy and their correlation in T2DM patients. This study was done among 329 T2DM pa- tients attending a primary care clinic in Selangor, Malaysia between November 2013- January 2014. Systematic ran- dom sampling was used. Instruments used were the MOS Social Support Survey and the Diabetic Management Self Efficacy Scale (DMSES). Patients’ socio-demographic data and glucose monitoring records were obtained. The asso- ciation between social support and self-efficacy with blood glucose control was determined using logistic regression. Results: The mean age of the respondents is 54.6 (+11.2), mostly female (55.3%) and Malay ethnicity (63.5%). Being older and retired were predictors for good glucose control (OR=1.05,p=0.01 and OR=2.2,p=0.023) respectively. There is also significant correlations between number of close friends/relatives with social support and self-efficacy (r=0.162,p=0.030 and r=0.190,p=0.01) respectively. The correlation of social support and self-efficacy with HbA1c levels are r= -0.044(p=0.426) and r= -0.08(p= 0.744) respectively. Conclusion: There were no correlations between social support and self-efficacy with the level of HbA1c among patients with T2DM in this study. We found older aged and retired patients to have better HbA1c levels.
  7. Sahrol Nizam Abu Bakar, Bachok Norsa’adah, Zurkurnai Yusof, Mansor Yahya, Mohd Nazri Shafei
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Information on sick leave duration among employees with the first episode of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) throughout the world was limited. The aims of the study were to determine the sick leave duration and its predictive factors among employees diagnosed with the first episode of ACS. Methods: A cohort study was conduct- ed among employees who were admitted to the cardiology centre in the public hospitals in northeastern Malaysia. Data was collected using a designed proforma. The respondents were interviewed, and their medical records were reviewed on the second day of hospital admission. Information on sick leave duration was obtained from sick leave book in the wards. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to determine the predictive factors for sick leave duration. Results: A total of 78 respondents participated in this study. The mean (SD) age of the respondents was
    47.5 (7.31) year old. The majority were male (92.3%), married (94.9%) and had a low level of education (62.8%). The sick leave duration ranged from 4 to 180 days with the median (IqR) of 35.5 (32) days. The predictive factors for sick leave duration were smoking (Adjusted b=20.1, 95% CI: 7.4, 32.8), not attending cardiac rehabilitation after discharge (Adjusted b=19.9, 95% CI: 6.7, 33.6) and presence of complication during admission (Adjusted b=28.6, 95% CI: 15.1, 42.0). Conclusion: The sick leave duration was relatively low and being a smoker, having a complica- tion during admission and not attending cardiac rehabilitation after discharged predicts a longer sick leave duration.
  8. Nurul Salwana Abu Bakar, Jabrullah Abdul Hamid, Sharifah Zawani Syed Ahmad Yunus, Nurul Syarbani Eliana Musa, Roslinda Abu Sapian, Nur Hidayati Abdul Halim, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Electronic medical records from hospital information system (HIS) offer a major potential for secondary data analysis which can improve the efficiency of healthcare delivery. This study describes an initiative to use HIS data to explore the level of diabetic care in patients with T2DM in a hospital-based outpatient clinic, the advantages and challenges in utilising HIS data. Methods: Patients age of 18 and above who received any diabetes medication in 2013 were retrospectively identified from HIS of Serdang Hospital. Demographic characteristics, anti-diabetic agent (ADA) dispensed, and glycaemic measures were quantified. Data was extracted using structured query lan- guage (SQL) and descriptive statistical analyses were conducted using Stata Version 12. Results: Prevalence of T2DM patients in the hospital was 7.5%. Male had slightly higher prevalence and patient at age of 61-70 years old. About 62% of patients were prescribed with metformin and 5% of newer combination of oral hypoglycemic agent. In pre- scribing pattern, stratification by age group, showed that patient age 41 to 70 years received mostly monotherapy, whilst 61.1% continue their regime for the year. Only 18% obtained good glycaemic control. Conclusion: Hospital Information system is a critical instrument in providing data as a platform in diabetic care in an outpatient care. Moving forward, steps to improve HIS should be taken to seize its potential as a tool to increase the efficiency of healthcare delivery.
  9. Afsary Jahan Khan, Mas Suryalis Ahmad, Ahmad Shuhud Irfani Zakaria, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Tanti Irawati Rosli
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Children with visual impairment are reported to be at higher risk of poor oral health. They faced dif- ficulties in basic skills including oral care. For this reason, they may develop dental caries and periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status of a group of visually impaired school children in Kuala Lumpur. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on students from a Special Education School in Kuala Lumpur. Oral examination was conducted to determine caries experience and oral hygiene status. Caries was mea- sured using DMFT index and simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) for oral hygiene status. Oral examination was based on modified World Health Organization (WHO) oral health assessment criteria for children. Chi-square test was used to determine associations between demographic variables and oral health status. Results: A total of 91 visually impaired students (41 blind, 50 low vision) within the age group of 13 to 17 years old participated in this study. The mean OHI-S score was 1.68 (SD 0.87) with majority of students had fair oral hygiene (39.6%) and 29.7% with poor and very poor oral hygiene. The mean DMFT score of total students were 0.80 (SD 1.62). Male students demonstrated significantly better oral health status than female in relation to prevalence and mean score of dental caries. Conclusion: Most of the visually impaired children in this study showed fair oral health status. Regular oral health education is recommended to improve the oral hygiene especially in the totally blind group.
  10. Fatimah Ahmad Fauzi, Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli, Anisah Baharom
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Adolescent aggression is an important public health concern with escalating prevalence of juvenile cases and violence among these age groups including robbery, homicide, and gang fights. The objectives of this study protocol are to determine the biopsychosocial predictors and explore the contextual factors of adolescent ag- gression among secondary school students in Hulu Langat. Methods: Explanatory mixed method study design will be used, consist of quantitative cross-sectional study followed by basic qualitative study. Proportionate population sampling among Form 4 secondary school students from selected public secondary schools in Hulu Langat will be executed. Questionnaires will be distributed to 481 students on aggression as the dependent variable, and several independent variables: demographic (ethnicity, family income), biological (sex, head injury, nutritional deficiency, breakfast skipping), psychological (attitude and normative beliefs, personality trait, emotional intelligence), and so- cial factors (family environment, single parent status, domestic violence, peer deviant affiliation, alcohol, smoking, substance abuse). Subsequently, participants with moderate to high aggression scores will be further explored on the contextual factors of adolescent aggression by in-depth interview. Multiple linear regression will be executed using SPSS to determine significant predictors whereas thematic analysis will be applied for qualitative data analysis on the context of adolescent aggression. Both findings will be further integrated and discussed to give comprehensive description on the phenomena. Conclusion: Better knowledge and understanding on adolescent aggression may generate new framework to drive more effective preventive strategies and unravel adolescent aggressive related Pub- lic Health problems.
  11. Umi Nadrah Amran, Farah Wahida Ahmad Zaiki
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Doppler mode ultrasound is widely used in prenatal scanning and known to produce a higher acoustic
    output which later leads to higher heat energy conversion compared to other ultrasound modes. It has been reported
    that the use of Doppler imaging might increase the temperature of tissues, thus, when Doppler is used in combination with 2D ultrasound, the risks of bioeffects tend to increase more. It is also known that prolonged exposure to
    ultrasound during pregnancy can cause irreversible biological destructions to the fetus. Despite the benefits of using
    Doppler ultrasound, its potential adverse effects have received scant attention in the research literature. Therefore,
    this study aimed to examine a correlation between gestational stages (GS) and newborn rabbit’s body weight at different prenatal Doppler ultrasound exposure durations. Methods: Twelve pregnant New Zealand white rabbits (NZWR)
    were exposed once using three different Doppler ultrasound exposure durations (30, 60, 90 minutes exposure) at
    three different GSs (1st, 2nd, and 3rd GS). After delivery, the mean weights of the 62 newborns were statistically analysed. Results: Strong negative and positive correlation between newborn’s body weight at different GSs and Doppler
    ultrasound exposure durations with a significant result found in 60 minutes exposure (p =
  12. Siti Nor Amirah M.H., Husna H., Muhamad Afnan A., Suriani I., Ahmad Iqmer Nashriq M.N.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Evaluation of mental health literacy is important in assisting the development of intervention and policies toward preventing mental health problems. This study aims to explore mental health literacy and its socio- demographic predictors in a group of housewives living in low-cost apartments in Selangor, Malaysia. Methods: A Malay version of the self-administered Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) was used in this cross-sectional study. Age, ethnicity, religion, educational level and family income were tested using one-way ANOVA and independent t-test. Result: A total of 103 eligible respondents participated in the study. Most respondents were from the age group of 30 and above, from the Malay ethnic group, Muslims, had formal education up to secondary level with a monthly family income below RM4000 (USD980). The overall mean (sd) mental health literacy score was low 106.65 (11.21) and was significantly associated with ethnicity, religion, educational level and family income (p>0.05). Conclusion: Mental health literacy scores were low and showed variations within sociodemographic groups.
  13. Kok Leng Tan, Seng Loong Ng, Soon Eu Chong1, W Yus Haniff W Isa, Hady, Jun Jie Tan, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Iron deficiency (ID) has recently been identified as a threat to patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of ID among HFrEF patients in a Malaysian tertiary hospital and its correlation between left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Methods: Stable patients with LVEF less than 45% were included. Demographic data, LVEF (Simpsons) and cardiac functional status were studied, along with full blood count and iron profile. Results: 81 patients with a mean LVEF of 33.6% were recruited. 43.2% of them were NYHA class II patients, followed by 38.3% class III, 13.6% class I and 4.9% class IV patients. About 2/5 of the study population were anaemic, and of those, 48.5% were iron deficient. Majority of these anaemic patients (87.5%) had an absolute iron deficiency. Pearson’s statistical analysis showed positive correlation between ejection fraction and serum ferritin (r=0.624, p< 0.001), serum iron (r= 0.302, p
  14. Lim Kuang Hock, Heng Pei Pei, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Teh Chien Huey, Sumarni Mohamad Ghazali, Lim Hui Li, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Tobacco induced illness remains a major contribution to premature death and global burden of dis- eases. The introduction of MPOWER policies by World Health Organization held the value to monitor the imple- mentation of the anti-smoking measures in all signatory countries. This paper aimed to investigate the application of the six MPOWER indicators among Malaysia population. Methods: We utilized the data of Global Adult Tobacco Survey-Malaysia (GATS-M) which recruited 5112 nationally representative samples of Malaysians of 15 years old and above. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to illustrate the social demographic characteristic of the respon- dents while cross tabulation was employed to describe all elements of the MPOWER indicators. Results: About one quarter (23.1%) of Malaysian adults were current tobacco users. The SHS exposure at home (38.4%) and restaurant (42.1%) were high. Approximately eight in ten (80.2%) of the smokers intended to quit, while for those attempted to quit in past one year, 9.0% utilized pharmacotherapy and 4.4% attended counseling. The awareness about tobacco related diseases was generally excellent. The overall tax make up of the cigarettes’ retail price ranging from 41.7% up to 80%. Conclusion: Tobacco consumption remains prevalent and plateau among Malaysian adults over the last two decades with substantial proportion of the population exposed to SHS. The inadequacy in the current anti-smoking policies needs urgent improvement in order to reduce the smoking norms among Malaysians population besides to achieve the ultimate goal of tobacco control end game by year 2045.
  15. Nur Aliaa, Eusni Rahayu Mohd Tohit, Nik Hafidzah Nik Mustapha, Malina Osman
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Increased monocyte percentage and monocyte anisocytosis were suggested as new markers for den- gue fever detection. This study aims to investigate and evaluate monocyte volume standard deviation (MoV-SD) and monocyte percentage (Mono %) parameters using Coulter automated haematology analyser as screening parameters in discriminating between dengue infection and other febrile illness. Methods: A cross-sectional laboratory analysis using suspected dengue fever patients were included in this study. The study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Hospital Tuanku Jaafar Seremban from June 2016 until June 2017. Patients were classified into dengue positive and dengue negative based on dengue IgM and NS1 result. The diagnostic performance of MoV-SD and Mono % was analysed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The cut-off value of the MoV-SD and Mono % was determined and evaluated with the validation group. Chi-square test was used to assess the as- sociation between the parameters. Results: 88 (48.4%) from 182 samples were confirmed to have dengue infection. ROC curve analysis showed Mono % at cut off value of 10.5 % with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.869 with 84.1% sensitivity and 84% specificity (95% CI: 0.812-0.925) and MoV-SD cut off value at 22.2 (AUC 0.776, 80.7% sensitivity, 61.7% specificity, 95% CI: 0.709-0.843) are an excellent parameters in separating dengue positive and dengue-negative patients. A cut-off value of 10.5 of Mono % and 22.2 of MoV-SD were applied to the validation group showed 83.1%, 66.4% sensitivity and 84.9%, 77.3% specificity respectively. Conclusion: MoV-SD and Mono
    % parameters are a potential parameter for the screening of dengue infection in acute febrile illness patients with good specificity and sensitivity.
  16. Liyanatul Najwa Zakaria, Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Poor hygiene practice is an important factor that lead to morbidity and mortality among young chil- dren which are common among the indigenous population due to the lack of access to health services and their unique beliefs and practices. This study aimed to identify the socio-demographic determinants of hygiene practices among the indigenous (known as Orang Asli in Malaysia) primary caregivers of children under the age of three in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 166 primary caregivers of Orang Asli children of below three years old in Kuala Langat District. Data was collected using a validated and pre-tested questionnaire via face-to-face interviews with individual respondents. The questionnaire consisted of two main sections: sociodemo- graphics and hygiene practice. Results: A majority of the Orang Asli primary caregivers had good hygiene practices (78.9%). The number of children under five years old living at home was significantly associated with hygiene prac- tice and it was the only significant determinant or predictor of good hygiene practice among the Orang Asli primary caregivers. Conclusion: The number of children under five years old living at home is an important factor to ensure good hygiene practices among the primary caregivers of Orang Asli children. This factor need to be taken into con- sideration in monitoring children health status by the health staff by emphasizing the importance of hygiene practice in the prevention of infectious diseases and malnutrition among Orang Asli children.
  17. Ahmad Zamri Khairani, Nor Shafrin Ahmad, Aziah Ismail, Rahimi Che Aman
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: This study examines the psychometric characteristics of a translated version of the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI – II) among Malaysian school students. Methods: The sample consisted of 257 boys and 302 girls. This study employed WINSTEPS 3.74 to provide statistics and other information from Rasch Model analysis, namely, the fit statistics, dimensionality analysis, rating scale analysis, reliability and separation indices, differential item func- tioning analysis, and distribution of items difficulty and students’ ability. Results: Rating scale analysis showed that category 2 and category 3 of the ratings were not different. Meanwhile, Item 19 did not fit the model’s expectations; and thus, it was omitted from further analyses. The scale demonstrated a high person reliability and a high person separation index. There were no items demonstrating gender DIF. The school students endorsed feeling guilty as the least severe symptom of depression, while committing suicide as the most serious symptom. Conclusion: In general, the BDI-II demonstrated acceptable properties in measuring depression symptoms among school students.
  18. Leong Joyce W.S, Intan Nadia Mohd Zukri, Siew Mooi Ching, Navin Kumar Devaraj
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Falls among the elderly can be associated with serious complications such as fractures, injuries and death. This study aims to ascertain the factors associated with falls among the elderly patients attending a government clinic located in Kuala Lumpur. Method: This was a cross-sectional study using a convenience sampling method. Data collection in 2017 from 322 elderly who attended the above clinic. A modified assisted self-administered ques- tionnaire was used that contained the socio-demographic data, falls profile as well as extrinsic and intrinsic factors associated with falls. Analysis was done with SPSS v20.0. Results: 120 (37.27%) elderly reported falls in the past one year. The majority who had falls were females (n=76, 41.8%) and between the age of 80-89 years old (n=29, 44.6%). Malay ethnicity group, reported more falls compared to other ethnicities (n=93,44.5%). Significant associations were found between age, ethnicity and history of falls with falling (p
  19. Mohamed Faizal Sikkandar, Shalimar Abdullah, Rajesh Singh, Parminder Singh Gill, Nur Azuatul Akmal Kamaludin, Tan Jin Aun, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Compression of the median nerve in pregnancy is thought to be due to fluid retention within the carpal tunnel space. We aim to discover the cause of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in pregnancy using high resonance ul- trasonography. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study where obstetric patients were screened for CTS and subjected to a non invasive ultrasonic imaging. Results: A total of 63 patients were seen with 25 diagnosed to have CTS (39.7%) and 38 patients had none (60.3%) based on a screening tool. Age ranged from 20-42 years old with the highest range in the 28-30 year old group (34.9%). In patients with CTS, the cross sectional area of the median nerve inside the tunnel was a mean of 0.908 cm ie larger, while non-CTS patients had a mean of 0.797 cm inside the tunnel. The transverse carpal ligament (TCL) measured a mean of 0.0988 cm in the CTS group (ie thinner) and 0.1058 cm in the non-CTS group. Median nerve mobility at equal to or less than one tendon width was 80% in pregnant women with CTS and 92.1% for those without. No fluid was present within the carpal tunnel of all patients. The results were sta- tistically not significant. Conclusion: Ultrasonographic evidence in pregnant women with CTS shows a larger median nerve, a more mobile median nerve and a less thick transverse carpal ligament. There is absence of fluid retention and synovitis ruling out extrinsic compression of the median nerve as cause of CTS in pregnancy.
  20. Zamuna Mat Nor, Idayu Badilla Idris, Faiz Daud, Natrah Abd Rani
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The daily life problems of patients with schizophrenia as well as their symptoms are challenging sit- uations that may interfere with their psychological well-being. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the psychological well-being of patients with schizophrenia and factors affecting it. Methods: A cross sec- tional study was conducted to examine the socio-demographic factors, health level, social support and self-esteem of patients with schizophrenia. A total of 255 respondents consisting of patients on follow-up from specialist clinics at three Psychiatric Hospitals in this country were selected to answer the questionnaire. The questionnaires used were the Affect Balance Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale for the measurement of the psychological well-being, social support and self-esteem respectively. The data was analysed using Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: A total of 62% of the respondents had positive psychological wellbeing. Socio demographic factors, namely occupation (p=0.007), overall social support (p=0.023), family support (p=0.040), significant others’ support (p=0.046), and self-esteem (p < 0.001), were associ- ated with positive psychological well-being. Conclusion: This study has proven that patients with schizophrenia who regularly received treatment can achieve positive psychological well-being when they have high self-esteem, strong support from their family members as well as people around them and are stable occupation.
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