Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 117 in total

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  1. Mohamed M, Lau DSC, Loh CK, Syed Zakaria SZ, Alias H, A Jamal AR, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Parents of children with chronic illness such as thalassaemia, experience parental anxiety as a result of multiple stressors; these parents will consequently undergo the process of coping and adjustment in order to overcome the situation. Identifying families who may require psychosocial intervention is an important step towards providing holistic management for these children.

    Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the level of parenting stress amongst parents of children with thalassaemia. Risk factors associated with high parenting stress score were identified. Research instruments used were the Parenting Stress Index/Short Form and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations.

    Results: A total of 54 subjects were recruited. High total parenting stress score (TPSS, defined at 75th centile) for this cohort was 99.5 whereas the mean TPSS was 86.18. Overall, 24% of these parents have high TPSS. Chinese ethnicity, number of children, monthly income, task-oriented and emotion-oriented coping mechanisms were significantly associated with a high TPSS. Logistic regression analysis revealed that low task-oriented but high emotion-oriented scores were risk factors with the greatest predictive power.

    Conclusion: Early recognition of parenting stress is important to identify at risk parents so that interventions such as counseling and social support may be given.
  2. Khoo, T.B., Muhammad Ismail, H.I., Abdul Manaf, A.M.
    MyJurnal
    A study was conducted to evaluate the extent of sleep problems among children aged between 6 to 15 years old who were followed up at Penang Hospital Paediatric Clinic for various neurological disorders and compared to those with other paediatric illnesses and their healthy siblings. A parental questionnaire was used to assess sleep problems in 48 children with neurological disorders and compared to 46 of their healthy siblings, 59 children with non-neurological paediatric illnesses and 67 of their healthy siblings. Sleep problems were clustered into five subscales: bedtime difficulties, parental involvement at time of sleep, sleep fragmentation, parasomnias and daytime drowsiness. Children with neurological disorders had significantly more sleep problems than did their siblings, those with non-neurological paediatric illnesses and their healthy siblings (p < 0.001). This was particularly so in areas of bedtime difficulties (p>0.001), the amount of parental involvement (p

    Study site: Penang Hospital Paediatric Clinic
  3. Salwana Ku Md Saad, Karniza Khalid, Abdul Nasir Mohamed Abdul Kadher
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Vaccine-preventable diseases such as pertussis are re-emerging in Malaysia during recent years.

    Objective: This research aims to study the local incidence of clinical pertussis among paediatric patients admitted to Hospital Tuanku Fauziah, Perlis over two-year period.

    Method: A cross-sectional study was designed in Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Tuanku Fauziah, Perlis from 1 January 2013 till 31 January 2015. Data were collected from medical and laboratory record of cases admitted for clinical pertussis. Analyses for descriptive data were done using frequency and percentage; Pearson chi-square or Fisher exact was used to test association.

    Results: 81 cases of clinical pertussis were included in the study. Out of this, there were a total of 28 confirmed cases of pertussis. There was a steady increment in the incidence of pertussis throughout the study period. Cyanosis emerged as the only clinical sign significantly associated with pertussis (p = 0.011). Majority of the confirmed pertussis cases were too young to be immunized (n = 13, 46.4%).

    Conclusion: Reappraisal of local health system to strengthen herd immunity in the community is warranted to control disease spread.
  4. Wan Adlina Wan Yusuf, Amelia Alias, Wan Hanifah Wan Hussin1, Mohd Nasir Abdul Kadir, Abdul Rahim Wong
    MyJurnal
    Primary cardiac tumours (PCT) are rare in the paediatric population. They can present in a variety of ways – from being asymptomatic, obstructive with heart failure, strokes, arrhythmias or sudden death. We present a 2-month-old child who was admitted because of heart failure from varying types of arrhythmias and was found on echocardiography to have a large left ventricular tumour. A high clinical suspicion in any infant or child who presents with an unexplained heart murmur, arrhythmias or congestive heart failure should prompt relevant investigations ruling out this entity.
  5. Rostenberghe, H.V., Haider, D., Abdullah, Y., Amir, H., Abdul Razak, A.R.
    MyJurnal
    Thyroxine has been shown to have a beneficial effect on renal function in cases of impending renal failure in ani-mal studies.'5 Studies of the use of thyroxine in humans in impending renal failure are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of oral thyroxine on the renal function of asphyxiated term neonates who often have renal impairment.
    A randomised control trial was conducted, involving 30 term asphyxiated neonates. The study group (n=15) was given thyroxine (50 pg) orally on days 1, 2 and 3 of life and placebo was given to the control group (n=15). Renal function was studied on day 1 and day 4 of life. The two groups did not differ significantly as regards gestational age, birth weight, severity of asphyxia, preg-nancy or delivery complications, fluids administered and drugs used. There was no significant difference in urine output, creatinine clearance and fractional excretion of sodium on day 1 but there was a trend towards a worse renal function on day 1 in the treatment group. The creatinine clearance was significantly better in the treat-ment group on day 4 (p = 0.017). Urine output and fractional excretion of sodium on day 4 were better in the treatment group but the differences did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.14 and 0.057 respectively). Statistical analysis on the differences between day 4 and day 1 showed statistical significance only for creatinine clearance: creatinine clearance day 4 minus creatinine clearance day 1 was 52.6 (±32.4) for the thyroxine group and 7.3 (±7.8) for the controls (p= 0.006).
    These data support the hypothesis that thyroxine may have a significant beneficial effect on the renal function in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia. Thyroxine may be proven useful in future for patients with impending renal failure.
  6. Hairuddin NF, Musa AT, Abdullah MS
    MyJurnal
    Neuroblastoma is usually presented with abdominal distension. However, central nervous system manifestations of neuroblastoma are uncommon. In this case report, patient presented with uncommon presentation of neuroblastoma and the diagnostic dilemma.
  7. Adele, Tan Guat Kean
    MyJurnal
    Objectives: 1) To establish the incidence of rotavirus infection in paediatric patients admitted to a private hospital in Malaysia with a diagnosis of community-acquired acute gastroenteritis. 2) To determine whether patients with rotaviral acute gastroenteritis have greater disease severity. Design Retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting An urban private hospital in Malaysia. Participants All paediatric patients with a discharge diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) admitted to the hospital between September 2005 and March 2006. A total of 261 patients were included in the study. Results Rotavirus infection contributed to 54% of paediatric hospital admissions with discharge diagnoses of acute gastroenteritis. 74% of children with rotavirus infection were aged 5 years and below. This study demonstrated that patients with rotaviral gastroenteritis had greater disease severity, as measured by two indicators. Firstly, the average length of hospital stay was longer in patients who were rotavirus positive (5.14 days) compared to those who were rotavirus negative (4.81 days). These results were statistically significant (p
  8. Wan Adnan Wan-Nor-Asyikeen, Ab Hamid Siti-Azrin, Maryam Mohd Zulkifli, Alwi Zilfalil
    MyJurnal
    Thalassaemia is a hereditary blood disorder that is becoming a major health problem all over the world. This chronic illness harms the quality of life of the sufferers by interrupting their physical activities, school performance and social life. Hence, this review takes aim to assess the factors affecting the quality of life of thalassaemia among paediatrics patients. A comprehensive electronic search was conducted by using PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct. The search was limited to those articles written in English language and by using Pediatrics Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQLTM) 4.0 generic core scale questionnaire only. This review notifies emerging knowledge regarding the factors affecting the quality of life among thalassaemia patients and its implications in the essential core domains for paediatrics health-related quality of life measurements: physical, emotional, social and school functioning. It also empowers a better understanding regarding thalassaemia and assists as a foundation for the development of the effective preventive strategies for it.
  9. Chang JV, Lim KY, Ang EL
    MyJurnal
    Objectives: This is a retrospective study in which all neonates with confirmed dengue fever mother admitted to our special care nursery from March 2014 to March 2015 were recruited. This is to determine the percentage of positive dengue serology in the neonates of mother with confirmed dengue fever and to investigate the correlation between the duration of maternal illness with these neonatal seropositivity of dengue antibody and their presenting symptoms.

    Method: A total of 22 neonates whose mother with confirmed dengue fever were recruited out of which 14 (63.6%) neonates of confirmed dengue fever mothers had positive dengue serology.

    Results: Eight out of fourteen neonates were dengue seropositive when mother dengue illness was between day 1 to 5 of illness (acute phase) at the time of delivery. Thirteen out of twenty-two neonates (59%) were symptomatic, out of which 61.5% (8 out of 13) were delivered during maternal acute phase of illness.

    Conclusion: From this study, we concluded that neonates were more likely to be dengue seropositive and symptomatic when mother presented in acute phase of illness during delivery. However, our sample size was small, only 22 neonates were recruited from a single centre, therefore a larger sample size from multicentre is required in future.
  10. Norhasimah, M.M., Ahmad Tarmizi, A.B., Azman, B.A., Zilfalil, B.A., Ankathil, R.
    MyJurnal
    Generally, the karyotype profile of Down Syndrome has been reported to be full trisomy 21 in 92% of patients, mosaic trisomy 21 in 4% of patients and translocation involving chromosome 21 in 4% of patients in most of the population groups worldwide. But, karyotype analysis of 149 DS patients at the Human Genome Center, USM, during the past five years revealed that free trisomy accounted for 94.6%, mosaic trisomy 21 for 4.7% and translocation involving chromosome 21 in 0.7% of the Down Syndrome etiology in North East Malaysian population, indicating a low frequency of translocation DS in this region. Here, we report one case of translocation Down Syndrome encountered during karyotype analysis of 149 DS cases. Karyotype showed a robertsonian translocation where an entire extra chromosome 21 was attached to the centromere of one of the chromosome 14, resulting in a derivative chromosome 14 with attached chromosome 21. Karyotype analysis of the parents revealed a normal 46,XY pattern for father and 46,XX pattern for mother indicating that this robertsonian translocation had arisen de novo either prior to or at conception.
  11. Menon, B.S., Mohamed, W.M., Majid, N.A., Ariff, A.R.
    MyJurnal
    We report a case of chemotherapy induced acute pan-creatitis in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. L-asparaginase is the most likely incriminating drug.
  12. Aamer Naseer, Humayun Iqbal Khan, Mian Jawad Ahmad, Rabia Tariq, Atif Amin Baig
    MyJurnal
    Objective: To compare the mean duration of diarrhea between children taking yogurt and with the group taking commercial probiotics, containing lactobacillus in acute watery diarrhea. Materials and

    Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, Services Hospital, Lahore. The duration of this cross sectional study was 6 months, from June 2013 to November 2013. A total of 200 children suffering from acute watery diarrhea were involved in the study after the informed consent under the said hospital. Their demographic information was recorded and later divided in two groups of 100 each; group A received yogurt and group B was given commercial probiotic. The duration of diarrhea was observed in both groups. The results were compared by using independent sample t-test.

    Results: The average duration of diarrhea in group A, was 1.98 + 1.31 day while that in group B was 3.09 + 1.64 days. Student's t-test was applied and the difference between the two groups was found to be statistically significant (p< 0.05).

    Conclusions: Treatment with yogurt significantly decreases the mean duration of diarrhea as compared to probiotic among patients with acute watery diarrhea.
  13. Aftab S, Ejaz I, Waqar U, Khan HI, Hanif A, Usman A, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Background: Pneumonia is defined as the inflammation of parenchyma of the lung. It is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in childhood throughout the world. The incidence of pneumonia in children under the age of five years is 0.29 episodes per child-year, which equates 151.8 million cases annually in developing countries. Objective: To determine the risk factors for complicated pneumonia.

    Material and Methods: This case-control study conducted in Medical Unit III, The Children’s Hospital & Institute of Child Health Lahore. Out of total of 180 cases of pneumonia, 100 were labeled as complicated pneumonia (case) and 80 were labeled as uncomplicated pneumonia (control). Complicated pneumonia included pneumonia with associated complications. Detail history was taken in both groups and recorded on predesigned proforma. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20. Quantitative risk factors like child age, maternal age and father age were analyzed by mean and standard deviation. However qualitative risk factors like method of feeding, malnutrition, immunization, anaemia, and non-vaccination were analyzed by applying chi-square test and finding odd ratios.

    Results: Most significant risk factors associated with complicated pneumonia included younger age, maternal and father education, rural area, malnutrition, anaemia, rickets, birth problems, admission during neonatal life due to pneumonia, bottle feeding, nonvaccination, referral and delayed in presentation (p
  14. Bazlin Ramly
    MyJurnal
    Meningococcal Diseases: Post Men C Vaccination EraMalaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, Vol. 23 (2), December 2017: 36-44© 2017 MJPCH. All Rights Reserved.36ORIGINAL ARTICLEMENINGOCOCCAL DISEASES: POST MEN C VACCINATION ERABazlin RamlyPaediatric Department, Letterkenny University Hospital, Co Donegal, Ireland.AbstractIntroduction: Meningococcal infections are caused by Neisseria Meningitidis and they are manifested in a spectrum of disease in particular meningitis. There are different strains of this bacteria which are A, C, B, W and Y. Mortality rates are from 5-15% with 10-15% suffering permanent disability. After the introduction of Men C vaccination in the year 2000, the incidences of meningitis caused by both Neisseria Meningitidis Serotype C and Serotype B have significantly reduced. Methods: A retrospective study of children whomlumbar puncture was performed with the preliminary diagnosis of meningococcal disease/ meningitis. Total numbers of children were 30 after excluding neonates, those with non-infectious diagnosis and failed lumbar puncture. Symptoms, signs and investigations results were collected in a data collection sheet using the documented data from the patients’ chart. Results: Five children had positive results in either the cultures or the PCR samples sent. None of these children had Serotype C. Three children had Serotype B and 2 others were Serotype W135. Conclusions: There were presence of Nisseria Meningitidis Serotype B and Serotype W135 when blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples were sent. It shows how significant is the value of lumbar puncture to be done to secure a definite diagnosis of meningitis. The preventive strategy to include Men B vaccination in the national vaccination schedule is definite so that death and morbidity can be reduced.
  15. Azizah Othman, Qarem Mohamed Mustafa, Ariffin Nasir, Norsarwany Mohamad, Nurul Shafira Adi, Nurul Ilyana Hashim, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Thalassaemia is a life-long illness that exists globally. The quality of life of adolescents with thalassaemia could differ based on the health policies of a specific region, existing levelof socio-economic development and the illness related variables. This study examines the relationship between socio-demographic and disease-related variables with the quality of life among adolescents with thalassaemia involving multiple treatment centers spread throughout various locations in Malaysia. Participants included 218 adolescents (male=108; female 112) with mean age of 13.86 (SD=2.40). They completed the questionnaire consisting of demographic information, illness-related variables, and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL). The participants in this study was found to have higher total summary score (Mean = 69.64, SD = 14.03), psychosocial health (Mean = 70.23, SD = 14.91), emotional (Mean = 72.12, SD = 20.66), social (Mean = 79.82, SD = 17.37), and school (Mean = 58.69, SD = 16.77) functioning but with lower physical health (Mean = 68.50, SD = 17.22) as compared to previous study that was done in Kuala Lumpur. Findings also shows a significant positive correlation between level of education and frequency of hospitalization (r = .156, p < 0.05), frequency of transfusion (r = .152, p < 0.05), and physical health (r = .186, p < 0.01). An increase in the frequency of transfusion was found to significantly increase social functioning (r = .137, p < 0.05). Other significant correlations are discussed in addition to the quality of life experienced by patients with thalassaemia in different region of theworld.
  16. Boey, Christopher C.M.
    MyJurnal
    Helicobacter pylori (HP) was first described in 1983 by Warren and Marshall.' It is a spiral-shaped bacterium measuring 2-4p,m x 0.5-1.0μm. Since it was discovered, the organism has rarely been isolated from sites other than the stomach.2 Available evidence, therefore, points to the human stomach as the normal habitat of this bacterium. The infection is contracted primarily in childhood.' It has been shown that colonisation by HP is rare under the age of five years, but thereafter, it becomes gradually more frequent, and by sixty years of age more than 50% of individuals may be affected
  17. Chan, P.W.K.
    MyJurnal
    Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is isolated in 15-25% of young Malaysian children with bronchiolitis.',2 Although this observation is consistent with experience reported in other developing nations in the tropics,3•4 it is lower than that of temperate developed nations where RSV is isolated in 60 - 80% of young children with viral bronchiolitis.5,6 The majority of infections are mild, easily cared for at home and only 1% of children with RSV bronchiolitis require in-hospital care.' However, several categories of children have been identified to develop severe RSV bronchiolitis that is asso-ciated with an increased risk of mortality and significant morbidity. This 'high-risk' group includes children who are very young, ex-premature (gestation less than 36 weeks), children with chronic lung disease, congenital heart disease and immunodeficiency, namely, haematological transplant recipients.8'9 It is for this category of children in whom effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of RSV bronchiolitis are most important.
  18. Shalini, N., Rohani, A.J., Neoh, S.H., Cheah, I.G.S., Che Zubaidah
    MyJurnal
    Adrenal hemorrhage (AH) is a relatively uncommon condition (0.55-1.9%) during the neonatal period [1]. The adrenal gland is vulnerable to haemorrhage because of its large size and high vascularity. Clinical features of AH are variable and nonspecific. AH in a newborn can present as anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, abdominal mass, painful swelling or hematoma of the scrotum, acute adrenal crisis or shock [2]. We report such a case of adrenal haemorrhage in a newborn.(Copied from article)
  19. Reyhanah Mohd Rashid, Wan Nurulhuda, Synn, Joyce Hong Soo, Wu, Loo Ling, Cheah, Fook Choe
    MyJurnal
    Subcutaneous fat necrosis is a recognised complication of hypothermia. There appears to be a resurgence in this condition when therapeutic hypothermia emerges as a standard of care for asphyxiated infants. The TOBY trial reported an incidence of 0.1% for 1239 infants cooled.(Copied from article)
  20. Loi, H.D.K., Wong, K.T., Choo, K.E.
    MyJurnal
    An eight-year-old Chinese girl presented with a slowly progressive generalized muscle weakness and wasting, complicated by respiratory failure. She had many hospital admissions requiring ventilator support. Eventually tracheostomy tube was inserted. Initial investigations failed to elicit a diagnosis but a muscle biopsy and histological study confirmed the diagnosis of juvenile acid maltase deficiency.
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