Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 438 in total

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  1. Noor Salihah, Pei LL, Aryati Ahmad, Mohd. Razif Shahril
    Despite being effective in promoting healthy dietary behaviour, smartphone apps are scarcely available for our local communities and the majority of nutritional-related information is based on western food selections. Our new innovation aims to provide specific educational advice about recommended food intake, types, nutritional qualities and weight issues for cancer patients and survivors who suffer appetite problems and nutritional deficits. The Cancer Dietary (CanDiTM) app was developed as a convenient, flexible and attractively engaging smartphone app containing healthy tips which are uniquely tailored to the local food choices, preferences and ingredients. This helps customise users’ dietary needs besides permitting constant information up-dating. Features are broadly categorised into Healthy Eating Guide (advice from healthy eating to eating problems, weight loss prevention and increasing proteins and calories intake) and Malaysian Recipes For Cancer Patients (focusing on common Malaysian dishes, ingredients, treatment-based recipes and special diets). An additional Symptom Diary allows user’s personal profile to be recorded and stored virtually online. Its feasibility and acceptability were further tested among 30 cancer patients, family caregivers and dieticians recruited from a public hospital in Terengganu, Malaysia. Very good feasibility (> 80%) and excellent acceptability (> 90%) were reported regarding its ease of operation, suitability of language used, attractiveness, knowledge enhancement and perceived usefulness. With this scientific yet creative innovation, routine dietary habits related to cancer conditions could be easily facilitated for both patients/survivors as well as family caregivers for their independent and healthy living.
  2. Minhat, H.S.
    MyJurnal
    Diversified leisure involvement pose various health benefits to the elderly population. However, some elderly are too focus on doing a particular type of activity during their leisure time such as religious activity. This study aims to explore factors that could possibly contribute to the higher involvement in religious activity among the Malay ethnic elderly in Malaysia. In depth interviews were conducted, involving a total of 20 elderly aged 60 years and above with stratification by background characteristics. Each interview was conducted for an average of 15 to 30 minutes. They were purposively selected from two health clinics located in two different districts in the state of Selangor, representing an urban and a rural area. Majority of the elderly interviewed perceived that by engaging in religious activities such as prayer and reciting the Holy Quran or old Islamic scripture gives them serenity or calmness. Additionally, they also felt that involvement in such activities is very synonymous with being old and therefore one should be actively involved in religious activities with increasing age. In view of the lack of diversity of leisure involvement among the elderly and the passive and solitary nature of some of the religious activities, the elderly should be made aware of the importance of participating in other types of leisure activities especially physical activities. Although, they gain spiritual and social benefits from involving in religious activities, they also need to perform other form of activities that can improve the physical health status.
  3. Muhammad Haikal Ghazali, Shamsul Azhar Shah, Mohd Rizal Abd Manaf
    MyJurnal
    As air travelling now becomes cheaper and available to almost all people of any walk of life, travelling across international borders is fast becoming a lifestyle of many. Having travel health service as part of health care services is important to address the issues of travel related illnesses among travellers. However, lacks of published guidelines pertaining to travel health service rendering many countries to overlook its importance. The aim of this paper is to review published literatures and authoritative websites on the components needed to develop guideline to establish travel health services. A systematic literature search was done using pre-specified keywords for literatures published between years 2000 – 2016. Literatures written in English and fully accessible were all included. No exclusion criteria was set before the search. Online authoritative websites pertaining to travel health were also referred. A total of six literatures ranging from expert opinion, review paper and original study, together with three authoritative websites related to travel health were reviewed. Among the important components needed to be considered for developing the guideline for establishing travel health services are to prioritise pre-travel health service, to set up specialised travel health clinic, to produce travel health/medicine specialist, to emphasize on continuous education and training of the practitioners and to apply multiagency and multidisciplinary approach with adequate fund for research in travel health. As a conclusion, policy makers should prioritise and select the most important components in developing guideline for travel health service.
  4. Muhammad Haikal Ghazali, Shamsul Azhar Shah, Mohd Rizal Abd Manaf
    As air travelling now becomes cheaper and available to almost all people of any walk of life, travelling across international borders is fast becoming a lifestyle of many. Having travel health service as part of health care services is important to address the issues of travel related illnesses among travellers. However, lacks of published guidelines pertaining to travel health service rendering many countries to overlook its importance. The aim of this paper is to review published literatures and authoritative websites on the components needed to develop guideline to establish travel health services. A systematic literature search was done using pre-specified keywords for literatures published between years 2000 – 2016. Literatures written in English and fully accessible were all included. No exclusion criteria was set before the search. Online authoritative websites pertaining to travel health were also referred. A total of six literatures ranging from expert opinion, review paper and original study, together with three authoritative websites related to travel health were reviewed. Among the important components needed to be considered for developing the guideline for establishing travel health services are to prioritise pre-travel health service, to set up specialised travel health clinic, to produce travel health/medicine specialist, to emphasize on continuous education and training of the practitioners and to apply multiagency and multidisciplinary approach with adequate fund for research in travel health. As a conclusion, policy makers should prioritise and select the most important components in developing guideline for travel health service.
  5. Sena Abdullah Abdul Jabbar Al-Qalah, Hasanain Faisal Ghazi, Zaleha Md.Isa, Norimah A. Karim
    MyJurnal
    An increase in physical activity is a key component for effective weight loss. It helps to control weight loss by using excess calories as well as boosting metabolism and lowering insulin levels. Physical activity also helps prevent many chronic diseases and improve the overall human health. The objective of this study was to assess weight loss practice using physical activity strategies among working women in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A total of 639 adult Malaysian working women were screened and 120 respondents were identified based on their experience of losing at least 10% of their highest lifetime body weight, which is a criterion for successful weight-loss. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from 120 successful weight loss respondents. Physical activity was measured by using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short version. Results showed that 35.8% of women had low physical activity level; slightly above than one third of women (38.3%) had moderate activity level, while 25.8% women had high physical activity level.The most common physical activity monitoring strategies implemented were exercise at least 30 minutes per day (22.5%) and incorporate physical activity into daily life (21.7%). A total of 70.8% women regained weight after significant weight loss. A total of 40.0% who regained weight as compared to 25.7% of those who did not regain weight were physically inactive (p=0.138). There was no statistically significant different in daily sitting time between the two groups (p=0.627). As a conclusion, government working women in Kuala Lumpur have low to moderate physical activity levels. Majority women regained weight after significant weight loss. Common strategies to lose weight are exercise at least 30 minutes per day and incorporate physical activity into daily life. More education and promotion regarding the importance of physical activity should be done to all community members especially to the government working women.
  6. Lin, Lua Pei, Noor Salihah Zakaria, Nik Mazlan
    MyJurnal
    A concern in breast cancer involves changes in weight which may adversely affect the prognosis of patients. This
    study intended to evaluate weight changed uring chemotherapy and its association with prognostic outcome
    measured as event-free survival (EFS)among breast cancer patients. A total of63 women diagnosed with breast cancer
    and have been treated by anthracycline-based chemotherapy between 2005 and 2011were included.A weight change
    (WC) was calculated based on relative percentage of weight changes from baseline to post-chemotherapy and
    categorized into either weight change (WC >5%) or stable (±5% WC).Survival probabilities were estimated using the
    Kaplan-Meier (SPSS 20). Upon treatment completion, 42.9% of the women experienced weight changes. A small
    weight reduction was observed (61.1 ± 11.6kg to 60.2 ± 11.9kg; -0.8 ± 4.0kg; p=0.106). The median EFS of women who
    experienced weight change was shorter (median 61.0 months) compared to those who maintained their weight
    (median 89.0 months) (p=0.044). In this study, weight changes during breast cancer chemotherapy were associated
    with poorer prognosis in comparison to women who maintained their weight.
  7. Hamizah, M.S., Norhayati, M.N., Nor Azlina, A.R., Wan Shukri, W.S., Abdulah, H.
    MyJurnal
    Penyakit tifoid adalah penyakit berjangkit bawaan air dan makanan yang disebabkan oleh Salmonella typhii. Penyakit ini berlaku di seluruh durtia dan endemik di Kelantan. Pada April 2005, terdapat peningkatan kes tifoid yang dinotifikasi di daerah Bachok dan wabak telah diistiharkan. Pasukan siasatan telah dibentuk di mana setiap kes telahydisiasat dengan segera dan tindakan kawalan telah diambil seperti pemeriksaan dan penutupan premis makanan, kerja-kerja sanitasi dan pendidikan kesihatan. Pengesanan kes secara aktifjuga telah dilakukan. Mukim Gunong mencatatkan jumlah kes tertinggi iaitu 46.3%. Majoriti daripada kes terdiri daripadapelajar. Dua pembawa dari kalangan kontek juga turut dikesan. Lekuk epidemik menggambarkan berlakunya wabak purtca lazim. Lima daripada 1 1 1 bilangan sampel air dan dua daripada 146 bilangan sampel makanart yang diperiksa adalah positif terhadap Salmonella species tetapi tiada yang positif terhadap Salmonella typhii. Meskipun Pasar Jelawat merupakan lokasi yang disyakki sebagai punca utama jangkitan, ianya tidak dapat disahkan melalui penyiasatan dan ujan makmal.
  8. Mohd Razif Shahril, Suhaina Sulaiman, Sharifah Wajihah Wafa, Sharifah Noor Akmal
    MyJurnal
    Vitamin A, C and E intake has been shown to play a role in the etiology of breast cancer, but the findings have been
    inconsistent and limited to developed countries with higher cancer incidence. Therefore, the aim of this study is to
    examine the association of premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer risk with vitamin A, C and E intake from
    dietary sources. This is a population based case-control study conducted in Malaysian population among 382 breast cancer
    patients and 382 control group. Dietary intake was assessed via an interviewer-administered food frequency
    questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and a broad
    range of potential confounders were included in analysis. The results of this study shows a significant decreased risk of
    breast cancer among premenopausal (ORQ4 to Q1=0.38, 95% CI, 0.12 – 0.55, p-trend=0.001) and postmenopausal (ORQ4 to
    Q1=0.26, 95% CI, 0.03 – 0.75, p-trend=0.017) women was observed in the highest quartile of beta-carotene intake.
    Meanwhile, a higher intake of vitamin C showed significantly lowered risk only for premenopausal women (ORQ4 to
    Q1=0.13, 95% CI, 0.03 – 0.32, p-trend=0.001). As a conclusion, beta-carotene intake was independently related to pre- and
    postmenopausal breast cancer risk, while vitamin C intake was associated with decreased risk among premenopausal
    women only. However, no association was observed for vitamin A especially retinol and vitamin E intake from dietary
    sources.
  9. Ezrin Hani Sukadarin, Baba Md Deros, Jaharah A. Ghani, Ahmad Rasdan Ismail, Nur Syazwani Mohd Nawi, Norhidayah Abdull
    MyJurnal
    Validity test is important during the development of ergonomics measurement. Failure to conduct validity tests will result in the measurement method being developed to be incapable of providing reliable ergonomics measurements. The objective of this study is to conduct validity test on the simple method ergonomics measurement which was developed. The method named Simple Ergonomics Risks Assessment (SERA). Content validity test and criterion validity test were conducted. The content validity test consists of 6 ergonomics experts who actively provide inputs and positive feedbacks to improve the measurement method being developed. Meanwhile, the criterion validity test involves data collection of complaints on body parts among oil palm workers which were derived from Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and ergonomics risk assessment scores obtained from SERA. Both findings were tested with the Chi-square test to explore possible relations between the two findings. Results from the test conducted showed that there are significant relations in the scores of neck posture; hip, right and left shoulder, right and left wrists and the right hand associated with fresh fruit bunch (FFB) harvesting activities. In the loose fruits collection, the Chi-square test showed significant relations in the scores of neck posture, hip, right and left shoulders, right wrist, right arm and the left hand. However, there are body parts such as the legs which showed no significant relation. More tests should be conducted to further explore the validity of the method being developed. Findings from both validity tests show that SERA were verified by the experts and tested with validated method so that it is valid to be applied in the future.
  10. Norhayati Mohd Noor, Aniza Abd Aziz
    MyJurnal
    The Short Form Health Survey SF-36 is a well-known generic health-related quality of life measure that has widely been used worldwide. However, given the cultural, social and ethnic differences in some countries, it might not follow the intended structure of the instrument. Hence, this study aims to determine the psychometric properties of the Malay version of Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) among postpartum mothers. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1-month postpartum mothers attending Obstetric and Gynecology clinic, Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital, Kelantan, Malaysia. Reliability was estimated using internal consistency and the factor structure was extracted by performing confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS v. 20 and AMOS v. 20. A total of 108 women responded. The mean (SD) score for the Physical Component Summary (PCS) score and Mental Component Summary (MCS) score were 43.3 (7.08) and 42.4 (6.87) respectively. The Cronbach alpha for PCS-12 was 0.749 and MCS-12 was 0.701. Spearman correlations of individual items and the SF-12 component summary scores showed PF, RP, BP and GH items correlated higher with the PCS score, whereas the VT, SF, RE, and MH items correlated higher with the MCS score lending support to its good convergent validity. The confirmatory factor solution showed final model with two factors structure and six items each with acceptable factor loadings, satisfactory absolute and parsimonious fitness (RMSEA=0.1, x2/df=2.4). The psychometric tests of the Malay version of SF-12 generally showed acceptable validity and reliability among postpartum women.
    Study site: Obstretic and gynecology Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM)
  11. Muhammad Fikri, Z., Ruzy Haryati, H., Seri Rahayu, K.
    MyJurnal
    Anthropometric study is one of the oldest branches of study in ergonomics where it serves a purpose in study of
    proportion and size for human body. One of the common methods used in anthropometric measurement is traditional
    measurement or direct measurement. However, Malaysia is still left behind other countries in development of national
    anthropometric database. Researchers in Malaysia are still relying on the traditional anthropometric (TA)
    measurement. There are several important factors that contribute to problems in TA such as accuracy, time, posture,
    identification of landmarks, instrument positions and orientations, and pressure exerted due to measuring equipment. In
    view of the fact that the difficulties of obtaining human anthropometry, it becomes necessary to propose a method which
    has less contact executed to respondent. This study aims to propose a new anthropometric measurement method using
    motion capture camera (MCC) method, later to develop the database for youth male population. A pilot test was done
    in order to confirm the measuring procedure as well as the flow of the study. Next, the Minitab statistical software used
    to check the validity and reliability of data using the tests of a) Accuracy-Pearson/Spearman Correlation b) BiasPaired
    T-Test c) Test-Retest Reliability-Pearson/Spearman Correlation d) Precision-Mean Absolute Difference and
    Relative Error Measurement. Results showed that the validity and reliability of this motion camera has successfully
    obtained and the anthropometric data for youth male respondents has successfully constructed. These findings can be
    used and expended to the national anthropometric database to be utilised in ergonomics design.
  12. Karimah Hanim Abd Aziz, Aniza Abd. Aziz, Halim Salleh, Nurul Jannah Ambak, Nor Hakimah Ab Rahman, Oo, San San, et al.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this study was to develop a new validated questionnaire to assess the health impact of divorce on women. A
    cross sectional study was undertaken in a district in Terengganu, using a newly developed self-administered Malay
    language questionnaire comprising of six domains and 82 items. The questionnaire was constructed based on the
    literature review and discussions with experts. Exploratory factor analysis was applied in construct validity and internal
    consistency was used for reliability analysis. A total of 51 respondents were involved in this study. All the consented
    divorcees were Malays. The mean (SD) age for the divorced women was 35.8 (10.00). Majority (82.4%) of them had
    secondary education. All the final three domains demonstrated Keiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) of more than 0.6, significant
    Bartlett’s test of Sphericity and Cronbach’s alpha of more than 0.80. The overall Cronbach’s alpha was excellent (0.920).
    The final questionnaire consisted of two domains. Factor loading for all items in each subdomains were satisfactory. The
    final functional somatic symptoms domain consisted of 6 subdomains and 19 items with factor loading from 0.402 to
    0.914. For emotional instability domain, the final items were 13 items with factor loading from 0.548 to 0.878. The
    questionnaire was valid and reliable to be used for functional somatic symptoms and emotional instability domains. It is
    useful to assess the health impact and related intervention of divorced women. A confirmatory factor analysis may
    further confirm the final model.
  13. Suraya, H.S., Azmawati, M.N.
    MyJurnal
    The trend of using nonprescription substances for weight-loss management is common. There are several factors associated with the use of nonprescription substances. This study aimed to determine prevalence and factors associated with the use of nonprescription substances for weight-loss management among university students. A cross sectional study was conducted from August until October 2013 among 358 postgraduate students aged 22 - 45 years in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). A validated self-administered questionnaire was distributed by multistage sampling to the students. The prevalence of using nonprescription substances among university students was 27.9% (n=100). There were significant association between use of nonprescription substances with age (t=2.41, p=0.017), peer influence (t=7.06, p
  14. Adlina, S., Ambigga, D., Narimah, A.H.H., Ridha, A.Z.
    MyJurnal
    Home phototherapy treatment has been available in the Klang Valley (comprising Petaling ]aya, Kuala Lumpur; Shah Alam and Klang) since 2003. This study was conducted to create awareness of the existence of home phototherapy and its usage in Malaysia. This was a retrospective study using 1297 informed consent forms that parents had to read and sign prior to the commencement of home phototherapy. lt was found that the majority ofthe babies was males (41.2%), at or over 36 weelds gestation (97.2%), from areas in Selangor (57.4%), fully breastfed (53 %) and referred by doctors (98%). The mean age of the babies at initiation of lwme phototherapy was 6. 7 days. The mean bilirubin level at the start of home phototherapy was 243.8 umoVL and the mean bilirubin level at the end of home phototherapy 5 was 139.3 umoVL. The mean decrease in bilirubin level was 103.12 umoVL and the mean number of days of usage was 3.5 days which is a daily decrement of about 29 umoVL (29.46 + 13.8). Home phototherapy remains a viable clinical option for full term babies with physiological jaundice.
  15. Leny, S.S., Shuhaila, A., Sutan, R.
    MyJurnal
    Maternal Home-based Record (MHR) is a concise medical record that can be kept by the pregnant women for regular documentation throughout pregnancy stages. This study was done to assess the usage of the MHR among the pregnant women and its associated factors. A good MHR usage was assigned using mean value as cut-off point that has been agreed by an expert group from scoring system which incorporates usage elements in term of follow-up, information documentation, knowledge seeking, continuity of care and self-monitoring of pregnancy. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) and a total of 79 pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic were recruited. A validated self-administered questionnaire was used. The questionnaire was newly developed in Bahasa Malaysia. Content validity and reliability test for internal consistency for the knowledge, satisfaction and usage scale was performed. The Cronbach’s Alpha value for each domain was 0.764, 0.716 and 0.877 respectively. The results showed that the prevalence of good MHR usage was 51.3%. There were significant association found between level of education (Adj OR=0.32, 95% CI 0.12, 0.85, p=0.023) and doctor as birth attendant in previous pregnancies (Adj OR= 2.54, 95% CI 1.97, 6.59, p=0.045) with good usage of MHR. There was a positive significant relationship between satisfaction level among the respondent and the level of the usage (p=0.01, r=0.377), whereby with every increase in 1 score in satisfaction level will increase the usage score by 0.4 (95% CI 0.2 to 0.7) units, p<0.01. Therefore, MHR is still relevant as antenatal care monitoring instruments and it is important to make an effort to improve patient satisfaction in using MHR. Health care providers can use this validated self-administered questionnaire to assess function of MHR to remain relevant to the pregnant women population in their locality.
    Key words: Antenatal care, home-based maternal record, usage, satisfaction
    Study site: Antenatal clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  16. Vethanayagam, James N., How, V.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Transboundary haze occurred was primarily derived from seasonal forest fires which has highly been concerned of the health effect on the local community. As awareness of the source and dangers of smoke haze spread, Malaysian government increasingly came under pressure from the public and civil society at the national, state, and district level to address the haze issues. However, the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) inequalities of urban and rural community could be a barrier in promoting awareness on haze. Objective: To determine the urban and rural inequality in KAP on haze. Methodology: A total of 400 urban and rural residents from Klang Valley was recruited to participate in this study. A validated survey form was used as the study instrument which composed of four parts: (1) Sociodemographic information, (2) Haze knowledge, (3) Attitude (concerns) during haze episodes, (4) Practices (protective behaviors) to prevent against the health effects of haze. Result: There were significant differences of KAP on transboundary haze among urban-rural population. Urban population has higher knowledge and protective behaviors on hazes; however, both the rural-urban residents presented moderate levels of concerns on hazes. Conclusion: It is necessary to provide timely information (knowledge and practices) on haze to rural residents, at the same time, improve the urban residents’ concerns (attitudes) over the haze phenomenon. This will help to raise the overall awareness level to transboundary haze by translating into a state of the resilient community.
  17. Vethanayagam JN, How V
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2017;17 Special(1): 157-162.
    Introduction: Transboundary haze occurred was primarily derived from seasonal forest fires which has highly been concerned of the health effect on the local community. As awareness of the source and dangers of smoke haze spread, Malaysian government increasingly came under pressure from the public and civil society at the national, state, and district level to address the haze issues. However, the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) inequalities of urban and rural community could be a barrier in promoting awareness on haze. Objective: To determine the urban and rural inequality in KAP on haze. Methodology: A total of 400 urban and rural residents from Klang Valley was recruited to participate in this study. A validated survey form was used as the study instrument which composed of four parts: (1) Sociodemographic information, (2) Haze knowledge, (3) Attitude (concerns) during haze episodes, (4) Practices (protective behaviors) to prevent against the health effects of haze. Result: There were significant differences of KAP on transboundary haze among urban-rural population. Urban population has higher knowledge and protective behaviors on hazes; however, both the rural-urban residents presented moderate levels of concerns on hazes. Conclusion: It is necessary to provide timely information (knowledge and practices) on haze to rural residents, at the same time, improve the urban residents’ concerns (attitudes) over the haze phenomenon. This will help to raise the overall awareness level to transboundary haze by translating into a state of the resilient community.
  18. Patil SS, Abdul Rashid K, Narayan KA
    MyJurnal
    Background and Objectives: Unmet need for contraception is the gap between women's reproductive intentions and their contraceptive behavior. This community based interventional study was carried out to determine the unmet needs for contraception, the reasons for this and to assess the impact of interventional measures on acceptance of contraception.
    Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted in 52 villages in the state of Maharashtra, India, among 363 married women selected by cluster sampling. Data was collected using an interview guide. An intervention was done for the women who had an unmet need and an assessment of the change was done subsequently. Data was analyzed by using SPSS.
    Results The prevalence of contraceptive usage was 59.2% and the prevalence of unmet need for contraception was 44% (160). The unmet need for spacing births was 53.8%, 38.7% for limiting births and 7.5% women were dissatisfied with the current contraceptive method. The reasons ranged from side effects to contraceptives to source of obtaining contraceptives. Age of the respondents, education and number of living children showed statistically significant association with unmet needs. Post intervention, the contraceptive prevalence rate increased significantly 85.7% and there was a significant reduction in the unmet needs for spacing and limiting births, equally there was a significant reduction of dissatisfaction with using contraception.
    Conclusion: Improvement in the use of contraception and addressing the unmet need for contraception requires community involvement and ongoing, sustained efforts by health workers to ensure quality care to the beneficiaries.
  19. Norhasiza Mat Jusoh, Husbani Mohd Amen Rebuan, Thwe Aun, Myat Moe, Mohaslinda Mohamad, Rohayah Husain, Abdul Rahman Esa, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Cooperative learning is one of the active learning techniques. There are three commonly recognized types of
    cooperative learning groups, namely informal cooperative learning (ICL), formal cooperative learning and
    cooperative base groups. There is no study been done on ICL which relate to radiology teaching. The results of this
    study will provide evidence to support either traditional lecture (TL) or ICL is a more suitable teaching method for
    radiology teaching. This study was aimed to compare students’ attitude and preference towards TL versus ICL in
    radiology teaching. This interventional study had been conducted among 52 third year Bachelor of Medicine and
    Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) students at Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin. They underwent both TL and ICL methods
    during eleven radiology lectures in classroom setting from September 2013 until July 2014. Subsequently, multiple
    items questionnaires regarding students’ attitude and preferences towards TL and ICL were administered. These
    questionnaires had undergone validation process and revealed excellent internal consistency with Cronbach’s Alpha
    of 0.90, 0.92 and 0.88 respectively. The mean total attitude score towards informal cooperative learning was (90.90)
    (SD: 11.73) significantly higher than the score for traditional lecture 85.46 (SD: 11.82) (p= 0.012). Students showed
    preference in ICL significantly in six domains. These domains were active involvement in the class, promotion of good
    rapport among classmates, getting an opportunity to help others, facilitation of understanding difficult materials,
    improvement of communication skills, opportunity for training to be a good leader and follower, and opportunity for
    enabling to participate in sharing information, making decision and problem solving. ICL method is recommended in
    radiology teaching because students demonstrated better students’ attitude and preferences in the learning sessions
    as compared to TL.
  20. Saad Ahmed Ali Jadoo, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Dastan, Ilker, Dilmac, Elife, Kahveci, Rabia, Tutuncu, Tanju, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Diagnosis-related group (DRG) system is patient classification system designed to produce limited number of classes
    which are relatively similar in terms of resource consumption and clinical characteristics. The aim of this study was to
    assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of Turkish health care providers toward DRG system
    implemented in Turkey.A total of 238 healthcare providers were randomly selected from two urbanand one rural hospital
    in Turkey.A questionnaire was used for data collection; contacting 32 items (10 items about knowledge, 12 items about
    attitude and 10 items about the practice) and its validity and reliability were confirmed. Data analysis was performed
    using chi-square and multivariate logistic regression.In this study,only one third of healthcare providers showed good
    knowledge (35.7%) and good practice (37.4%) about DRG system,compared to 54.2% of them showed good attitude.There
    was significant difference between age, gender, occupation groups and whether the respondents have attended a
    workshop for DRG system in terms of KAP (p > 0.05).These results indicated the need for further actions to implement
    DRG system in terms of creation of suitable environment and increasing awareness among healthcare providers,
    especially male, medical doctors, nurses, elderly, and those who have never attended a workshop, in addition to regular
    review to ensure the program would reach its targets.
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