Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 399 in total

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  1. Phneh, K.Y., Chong, E.T.J., Lee, P.C., Sybil Shah, S., Jalil, E., Cheng, K.C.S., et al.
    Medicine & Health, 2019;14(1):118-134.
    MyJurnal
    The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) rs1799983 polymorphism is known to increase the risk towards stroke, but data is under-reported in Malaysian population. Therefore, this study sought to investigate this association in a Malaysian population and in a comprehensive meta-analysis. Genotyping of the eNOS rs1799983 polymorphism was performed for 241 Malaysians using a hydrolysis probe. Odd ratio with 95% confidence interval was calculated. Meta-analysis was conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software ver. 2.2.064. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Overall, our results showed that the presence of eNOS rs1799983-T allele increases the risk towards stroke, particularly in males, fast-food goers and Malaysian Chinese. The meta-analysis showed that the rs1799983 polymorphism is significantly associated with an increase ischemic stroke risk in the recessive and allelic models. After stratified with population, these associations remain significant in the Asian population but not in the Caucasian population. In summary, this study establishes a significant relationship between the eNOS rs1799983 polymorphism with gender, lifestyle and ethnicity differences towards stroke risk in the Malaysian population. In addition, our meta-analysis suggests that the eNOS rs1799983 polymorphism is associated with an increase risk of ischemic stroke.
  2. Yusuf, A.N., Abdul Hamid, K., Mohamad, M., Abd hamid, A.I.
    Medicine & Health, 2008;3(2):300-317.
    MyJurnal
    In this study, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used to investigate func-tional specialisation in human auditory cortices during listening. A silent fMRI paradigm was used to reduce the scanner sound artefacts on functional images. The subject was instructed to pay attention to the white noise stimulus binaurally given at an inten-sity level of 70 dB higher than the hearing level for normal people. Functional speciali-sation was studied using the Matlab-based Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM5) software by means of fixed effects (FFX), random effects (RFX) and conjunction analyses. Individual analyses on all subjects indicated asymmetrical bilateral activation of the left and right hemispheres in Brodmann areas (BA) 22, 41 and 42, involving the primary and secondary auditory cortices. The percentage of signal change is larger in the BA22, 41 and 42 on the right as compared to the ones on the left (p>0.05). The average number of activated voxels in all the respective Brodmann areas are higher in the right hemisphere than in the left (p>0.05). FFX results showed that the point of maximum intensity was in the right BA41 whereby 599±1 activated voxels were ob-served in the right temporal lobe as compared to 485±1 in the left temporal lobe. The RFX results were consistent with that of FFX. The analysis of conjunction which fol-lowed, showed that the right BA41 and left BA22 as the common activated areas in all subjects. The results confirmed the specialisation of the right auditory cortices in pro-cessing non verbal stimuli.
  3. Norliyana, M., Mohd Yazid, B., Abdul Muhaimin, A.
    Medicine & Health, 2018;13(1):279-285.
    MyJurnal
    Brachymetatarsia is a conditioned which has been described as abnormal short metatarsal bone due to premature closure of the epiphyseal growth plate. It usually involves a single metatarsal bone with the fourth metatarsal being the most common. It may be congenital or acquired. We here report a case in a 53-yearold lady who presented with foot pain and shoe wearing problem. Examination revealed shortening of the bilateral fourth toe and the toes were tilted dorsally. She was diagnosed with bilateral brachymetatarsia and operation was done mainly for cosmetic reasons. Gradual lengthening with distraction osteogenesis was performed using a MiniRail external fixator (Orthofix) and K-wiring of the right fourth metatarsophalangeal joint. Adequate length of fourth metatarsal and good bony union were achieved at the end of treatment.
  4. Ismail, A.K., Md Jawi, M.I., Mohd Salleh, N.I., Hamdan, N.A., Md Jamal, S., Shah, S.A., et al.
    Medicine & Health, 2016;11(1):38-46.
    MyJurnal
    Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients require immediate cardiopulmonary
    resuscitation (CPR). Early initiation of CPR and defibrillation before arrival at
    Emergency Department (ED) increases the chance of survival from sudden cardiac
    arrest. The main objective of this study was to identify the factors that influenced
    the outcome of early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in out-of-hospital cardiac
    arrest (OHCA) patients managed at the ED of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
    Medical Centre (UKMMC). The second objective was to determine the incidence
    of CPR initiated by the public prior to ambulance arrival. The present study was a
    one-year cross-sectional study. The OHCA patients were identified from the ED
    resuscitation logbook. Patients’ medical records were used to obtain details of the
    resuscitation. Factors recorded included: aetiology of arrest, initiation of on-scene
    CPR, use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs), mode of transportation and
    the incidence of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in the ED. Categorical
    data was analysed using chi-square and Fisher exact tests. Nine patients out of 98
    had early CPR. Three patients achieved ROSC. Gender was significantly associated
    with ROSC (p-value=0.015). More patients who received early CPR achieved ROSC
    compared to those who received late CPR. The provision of early CPR and usage
    of AEDs by the public is still low. Female gender had a positive influence on ROSC.
    Efforts are required to increase the awareness and involvement of the public in
    initiating early CPR prior to the arrival of ambulance service.
  5. Sakthiswary R., Radhika S., Syahrul Sazliyana, S., Abdul Wahab, A.
    Medicine & Health, 2019;14(2):203-211.
    MyJurnal
    The most common extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is interstitial lung disease (ILD). RA related ILD (RA-ILD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The main objective of this study was to determine the correlation between the rheumatoid factor (RF) serotypes and the severity of RA-ILD based on computed tomography (CT) findings. We recruited a total of 100 RA patients who were tested for IgA RF, IgG RF and IgM RF and had high resolution CT chest performed. Seventy-two patients had ILD changes on HRCT of the chest and were included in this study. We found that the the CT scores for ground glass showed significant positive correlation with disease duration and IgA RF levels whereas the fibrosis scores had significant relationship with multiple clinical covariates i.e age, disease duration, IgA RF levels, IgG RF levels and anti-CCP levels. On multivariate analysis, only IgA levels remained significantly (p
  6. Sidi H, Wan Puteh SE, Midin M, Abdullah N
    Medicine & Health, 2007;2(1):48-57.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of the study was to compare sexual functioning among Malaysian women in a primary care setting between those with a low and high frequency sexual intercourse. Across-sectional study on 230 married Malaysian women in a primary-care setting was conducted at the Bandar Tun Razak Clinic, Cheras. A validated Malay version of Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire (MVFSFI) was used to assess the sexual functioning profiles among women with low and high sexual activity.  The percentage of women who had sexual intercourse 3-4 times a week, 1-2 times a week and < 1-2 times a month were 13.4%, 44.3 % and 42.4 % respectively. Women with a low frequency of sexual intercourse (Low SI) tended to suffer from more sexual dysfunction, (χ²=28.98, p < 0.001) compared to those with a high frequency of sexual intercourse (High SI) group. Women who were less sexually active (having low frequency intercourse, ie. ≤ 1 – 2 times per week) were found to be less sexually aroused (χ²= 25.9, p< 0.001), less orgasmic (χ²=19.8, p< 0.001), less lubricated during sexual activity (χ²=11.1, p< 0.001), complain of sexual pain (χ²=4.3, p = 0.033) and feels less satisfied sexually (χ²=12.6, p< 0.001).The problem of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in the Malaysian primary care population with low sexual activity needs to be addressed.
  7. Siti Aishah Md Ali, Ilina Isahak, Dahlan Sabi, Fatimah Sahlan, Lokman Saim, Abdullah Sani Mohamed
    Medicine & Health, 2006;1(1):67-74.
    MyJurnal
     The association of human papillomavirus (HPV) with juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis has been well documented. We report two cases of juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis and correlated these cases with presence of HPV, p53 and c-erbB-2 proteins. The first case was a one-year-old male patient and the second a six-year-old female patient. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens were tested for the presence of HPV genome by the technique of in situ hybridisation using wide spectrum and type specific biotinylated probes while the immunohistochemical expression of p53 (D07, 1:50) and c-erbB-2 (DAKO A0485, 1:300) proteins were evaluated with commercially available antibodies. Histologically the tumours in both cases showed papillary configuration of squamous papilloma. The first case detected HPV type 6, HPV type 11 and p53 protein expression while the second case showed only HPV type 6. Both cases of HPV showed positive signals confined to the nuclei in the superficial squamous epithelium. The first case showed p53 positivity seen from the basal region up to one third of the epithelium of laryngeal papillomas and the subsequent recent repeat biopsy showed the positivity of p53 had extended throughout the upper layers of the epithelium. Expression of c-erbB-2 protein was not detected in both cases. These findings were similar as in other studies where follow-up of the cases was recommended since they tend to recur.
  8. Siti Aishah Md Ali, Ilina Isahak, Dahlan Sabil, Fatimah Sahlan, Lokman Saim, Abdullah Sani Mohamed
    Medicine & Health, 2006;1(1):5-13.
    MyJurnal
     
    The reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11) which gives rise to the Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome and BCR/ABL fusion gene, plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In this study, we evaluated the role of fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) in detecting the BCR/ABL rearrangement in CML patients. The sensitivity, specificity and detection rate of BCR/ABL gene using FISH, PCR and conventional cytogenetics (karyotyping) methods were also compared. 18 bone marrow samples of patients with clinically diagnosed CML and suspected of CML were collected. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values of FISH were altogether 100% while the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values for conventional cytogenetics (karyotyping) were 85%, 100% and 100% respectively. Convetional cytogenetics (karyotyping) detected an additional chromosomal aberration in addition to the Ph1 chromosome. In conclusion, FISH is a highly sensitive method in detecting the BCR/ABL gene. Conventional cytogenetics (karyotyping) remains an important investigation in the work up of suspected CML patients since there is a possibility of detecting chromosomal aberrations in addition to the Ph1 translocation. Therefore, conventional cytogenetics (karyotyping) and FISH are complementary techniques and their results should be interpreted together with clinical information.
  9. Mohamad Norkahfi, R., Marina, M.B., Mawaddah, A., Abdullah Sani, M.
    Medicine & Health, 2016;11(2):298-302.
    MyJurnal
    Tracheostomy can be associated with numerous complications. Here, we present
    a case of large hypertrophic skin of tracheostoma with tracheal granulation tissue
    causing malpositioning of tracheostomy tube and airway obstruction, secondary to
    prolong placement of a cuff tracheostomy tube due to improper tracheostomy care.
    This case illustrates that awareness and knowledge of proper tracheostomy tube
    care among medical personnel are very important to avoid any mismanagement
    that can cause life-threatening complications.
  10. Leelavathi, M., Mazlin, M.B., Adawiyah, J.
    Medicine & Health, 2013;8(1):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Natural products are often perceived as safe due to the absence of artificial or chemical materials in its content. However, many are unaware that some of these compounds, albeit natural in existence, can cause harm. Cinnamon and lemon are two commonly used home remedies for acne. Both these naturally existing ingredients are capable of producing dermatitis upon contact with the human skin. The aim of this article is to create awareness among physicians that natural remedies are not free from harm hence, should look out for any possible untoward reactions that these products may cause. Physicians need to explore the possible use of homemade remedies to treat common or minor ailments during history taking as this information may not be given voluntarily. Early identification of the offending agent, adequate management and future avoidance could help prevent further episodes of contact dermatitis and its complications.
  11. Ruth Sabrina, S., Nik Azlan, N.M., Adi, O.
    Medicine & Health, 2013;8(1):28-32.
    MyJurnal
    Urban cities are synonym with a high incidence of penetrating chest injuries either from accidents or interpersonal violence. The outcome of penetrating chest wound can vary from immediate death to a prolonged morbidity. We here report a case of 39-year-gentleman who presented to Emergency Department Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ipoh, Perak after being stabbed to the chest. His anterior penetrating chest wound was located at the 5th intercostal space medial to the midclavicular line. The stab wound penetrated the myocardium, causing minimal myocardial rupture. He also suffered from left haemothorax and hemopericardium. The haemothorax was drained with insertion of 32 French chest tube. The patient was admitted under the cardiothoracic team and discharged five days later without surgical intervention. He presented again to the Emergency Department with complains of shortness of breath and pleuritic pain. A left ventricular thrombus was detected via echocardiography. Unfortunately, he took his own discharge. Five days later he came again to Emergency Department with sporadic of loss of vision. The mural thrombus dislodged and embolized to the retinal artery causing amaurosis fugax. The patient was treated with aspirin 150mg and his symptoms subsequently resolved.
  12. Faizah, M. H., Anisah, N., Yusof, S., Noraina, A. R., Adibah, M. R.
    Medicine & Health, 2017;12(2):286-292.
    MyJurnal
    Acanthamoeba spp. merupakan ameba hidup bebas yang biasa ditemui
    di persekitaran. Ia merupakan agen penyebab keratitis Acanthamoeba (AK)
    dan ensefalitis ameba bergranuloma (GAE). Ameba ini juga mampu menjadi
    perumah kepada pelbagai bakteria termasuklah yang bersifat patogenik seperti
    Mycobacterium, Legionella dan Staphylococcus aureus rintang metisilin (MRSA).
    Berdasarkan maklumat ini, satu kajian dijalankan untuk mengesan kehadiran tiga
    bakteria endosimbion berkepentingan perubatan di dalam Acanthamoeba spp. yang
    telah dipencilkan dari bolong penghawa dingin yang terdapat di wad and dewan
    bedah di Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Kehadiran bakteria
    endosimbion ini disaring menggunakan pasangan primer khusus bagi setiap genus
    menggunakan reaksi rantai polimerase (PCR) konvensional dan disahkan dengan
    analisis penjujukan. Dua puluh sembilan (80.56%) pencilan Acanthamoeba spp.
    didapati mengandungi bakteria endosimbion patogenik yang disasarkan dengan
    sekurang-kurangnya satu genus bakteria bagi setiap pencilan. Mycobacterium
    (82.76 %) adalah bakteria yang paling banyak dikesan, diikuti dengan Legionella sp.
    (65.52 %) dan Pseudomonas spp. (62.07 %). Tiada bakteria MRSA dikesan daripada
    mana-mana pencilan dalam kajian ini. Dua endosimbion Mycobacterium yang
    dikenalpasti telah dikelompokkan ke dalam strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
    Kami membuat kesimpulan bahawa, kebanyakan Acanthamoeba berpotensi untuk
    menjadi perumah bagi pelbagai bakteria patogenik, namun implikasi interaksi ini
    terhadap patogenisiti kedua-dua organisma masih kurang jelas dan memerlukan
    penyelidikan yang lebih lanjut.
  13. Jolina, W.N., Dazlin Masdiana, S., Afliza, A.B.
    Medicine & Health, 2018;13(2):188-194.
    MyJurnal
    Warfarin is an anticoagulant that is commonly used as thrombo-prophylaxis in patients at risk of thrombo-embolic events. However, the use of warfarin is known to cause hemorrhage due to its anticoagulation effect. Although the common sites of hemorrhage are gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract, it can also occur in the least expected location. We report a rare case of spinal cord compression secondary to intraspinal epidural hematoma as a result of overwarfarinization in a patient who had undergone liver transplant. The patient underwent emergency decompression laminectomy of spinal cord and hematoma evacuation after the reversal of overwarfarinization to normal levels.
  14. Amin,O., Nik Azlan, N.M., Afliza, A.B.
    Medicine & Health, 2017;12(1):127-130.
    MyJurnal
    Altered mental status in the setting of polytrauma poses a challenge to the emergency team managing the patient. The tendency to miss positive findings in these circumstances increases several folds due to multiple factors such as depressed mental status/intoxication, presence of distracting injuries and concurrent life-threatening injuries that require more urgent attention. In view of this, NEXUS (National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study) criteria of clearing the cervical spine was adopted and used worldwide. Consensus on clearance of the other parts of spine is still lacking. This case reports highlights the findings in a 18-yrs-old male who presented with altered mental status, facial pain and abrasion, following a motor vehicle accident. Facial bone fracture was diagnosed and he was discharged. Three days later, he came with severe epigastric pain. Tenderness on palpation was noted at the spine and Computed Tomography (CT) scan was done. Multiple thoracic vertebra fractures were seen. As a conclusion, thorough primary and secondary survey should be done in patients who have regained full consciousness prior to discharge in order to avoid overlooking other serious injuries.
    Keywords: altered, CT scan, fracture, mental status, thoracic vertebra
  15. Faisal, A.H., Andrea, Y.L.B., Nina, M., Tidi, H., Ahmad Izuanuddin, I.
    Medicine & Health, 2020;15(2):140-152.
    MyJurnal
    Insiden penyakit paru-paru obstruktif kronik (COPD) di Malaysia semakin meningkat. Tiada kajian yang dilaporkan tentang obstruksi aliran udara spirometrik, termasuk corak restriktif dan obstruksif pada populasi di Malaysia. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengira prevalens dan meramal obstruksi aliran udara dan menjalankan pemeriksaan gejala COPD menggunakan peralatan baru AirSmart® Spirometry dan COPD Population Screener (COPD-PS). Kajian keratan rentas dilakukan di dua hospital tertiari menggunakan COPD-PS dan AirSmart® Spirometry. Terdapat 265 subjek yang direkrut dengan 11% dan 16% populasi yang masing-masing disaring mempunyai corak yang restriktif dan obstruksif. Dua puluh peratus subjek mempunyai skor COPD-PS lebih daripada lima. Tujuh puluh empat peratus subjek dengan corak obstruktif aktif atau bekas perokok (p=0,03, p
  16. Aaina Iryani, M., Ahmad Khaldun, I.
    Medicine & Health, 2019;14(2):253-260.
    MyJurnal
    Foreign body (FB) ingestion among children is one of the most common presenting complaint to Emergency Department. Oropharyngeal foreign body are the least common, 5-10% in all FB ingestion. However, it carries significant mortality and morbidity following complications which may arise from it. Airway obstruction is one of the complications which may present after FB ingestion. Due to the significant differences in airway anatomy and physiology of children, management of an obstructed pediatric airway is challenging. It requires proper skill and experience to prevent further fatal complications. Proper assessment and airway evaluation are crucial before proceeding with endotracheal intubation. Surgical airway is only reserved in ‘Cannot Ventilate Cannot Intubate’ situation where it should be done by a skilled person, as it carries risk of injury to underlying vital structures.
  17. Ng, V.H., Wan Nor Aida, W.M.S., Ahmad Khaldun, I.
    Medicine & Health, 2018;13(2):246-251.
    MyJurnal
    Hyperdensity of basal ganglia in computed tomography (CT) of brain is always recognised as hemorrhagic stroke or calcification. Features of hyperglycemia include muscle weakness, hypotonia, pyramidal tract signs and hemichorea-hemiballismus (HC-HB), which mimic the symptoms of stroke. Hyperdensity of the basal ganglia was reported in patient with non-ketotic hyperglycemia (NKH). Inability to recognize the hyperdensity in CT brain as a feature of NKH may lead to failure of treatment. Early recognition and reversal of hyperglycemia will improve the outcome. This was a case of an atypical presentation of stroke-like symptoms with the neuroimaging finding showing asymmetric hyperdensity of basal ganglia. Neurological examination failed to elicit any sign of HC-HB. Laboratory test showed hyperglycemia with absence of acidosis and ketonaemia. The patient was diagnosed having basal ganglia hemorrhage and referred to the Neurosurgical team. However, the stroke-like symptoms completely resolved following the normalization of glucose level. This is the only other reported case of NKH with typical neuroimaging features not associated with HC-HB. One should be aware of the possibility of NKH in the absence of movement disorder with asymmetric basal ganglia hyperdensity in CT brain. Misinterpretation as acute intracranial bleeding may result in suboptimal management of the true underlying cause.
  18. Wan Nor Aida, W.M.S., Aaina Iryani, M., Ahmad Khaldun, I.
    Medicine & Health, 2020;15(1):288-293.
    MyJurnal
    Fraktur avulsi tulang belakang iliac anterior (ASIS) jarang terjadi, dan lebih lumrah berlaku di kalangan remaja muda semasa bersukan. Ini disebabkan oleh rawan apophyseal yang lemah semasa remaja, apabila kontraksi otot yang kuat mengatasi ASIS semasa aktiviti olahraga. Seorang lelaki berusia 15 tahun dibawa ke Jabatan Kecemasan (ED) mengadu sakit pinggul kanan selepas perlumbaan semasa Hari Sukan sekolahnya. Ketika dia melintasi garisan penamat dan menang, dia tiba-tiba rasa sensasi “pop” di pinggul kanannya dan jatuh ke tanah dengan kesakitan. Di ED, dia baring meniarap dengan skor sakit 6/10. Intravena Ketorolac diberikan untuk melegakan kesakitannya. Pemeriksaan fizikal menunjukkan kesakitan setempat di kawasan hadapan pelvis kanan, tanpa bengkak atau kecacatan pada sendi pinggul kanan. Tiada perbezaan antara kepanjangan kaki kanan berbanding kaki kiri. Pergerakan pinggul kanan terhad akibat kesakitan. Pemeriksaan neurovaskular adalah normal. Radiografi pelvis menunjukkan fraktur avulsi ASIS kanan. Beliau telah dirujuk kepada pasukan Ortopedik dan telah dirancang untuk rawatan konservatif rehat di katil, analgesik, dan ambulansi tanpa berat. Dia dibenarkan pulang dan dirancang untuk temujanji di Klinik Ortopedik. Pemeriksaan semula selepas 2 bulan kecederaan menunjukkan pesakit sihat dan bebas kesakitan. ASIS mudah terdedah kepada kecederaan avulsi semasa menjalankan aktiviti sukan kerana otot sartorius menarik anteroinferior ASIS semasa lekukan maksimum pinggul dan lanjutan lutut. Walaupun fraktur avulsi apophyses pelvis jarang berlaku, ia harus dipertimbangkan di kalangan atlet remaja jika mekanisma kecederaan adalah sangat sugestif.

  19. Ng, V.H., Ahmad, K.I.
    Medicine & Health, 2018;13(1):264-271.
    MyJurnal
    Fish bone is the commonest cause of foreign body disease in Asian population. Esophageal perforation following fish bone foreign body accounts for 1-4% of the total reported cases. A 60-year-old lady presented with progressively worsening dysphagia and odynophagia over five days period following a fish meal. She sought treatment at two general practitioner clinic and a private hospital before being referred to Ear, Nose and Throat specialist. Repeated neck X-ray revealed a significant increase in prevertebral soft tissue thickness with large air-pocket tracking, small opacity at the prevertebral C3 level and subcutaneous emphysema anterior to the neck suggestive of retropharyngeal hematoma or abscess. A CT neck and thorax showed a 2.1 cm linear dense structure at the level of C7/T1 that appeared to protrude outside the esophagus in between the tracheoesophageal space. Direct laryngoscopy and repeat emergency esophagoscopy revealed a perforation at the right side of esophagus distal to cricopharyngeus with pus discharge upon milking of posterior lateral wall and a fish bone measuring 3.0 x 0.5 cm was removed from posterior wall of esophagus 17 cm from incisor. Gastrograffin study on day 10 was normal and was discharged on day 11 with Ryle’s tube feeding and to complete oral antibiotic. Fiber optic endoscopic evaluations of swallowing at two weeks follow up was normal. Subsequent review in the clinic showed full recovery without sequelae. Migrating fish bone can lead to esophagus penetration with serious complications. Mortality and morbidity from fish bone foreign body can be minimized with early diagnosis, referral and removal.
  20. Leelavathi, M., Lim, J.L., Ahmad, S.
    Medicine & Health, 2014;9(1):74-79.
    MyJurnal
    Cerebral palsy is a common cause of childhood disability. It has a great impact on parents and caregivers, especially when it reoccurs in the same family. Although familial cerebral palsy is relatively uncommon, cases have been reported among children from consanguineous, non-consanguineous marriages and multiple pregnancies suggesting a possible complex genetic mode of inheritance. Physicians need to be aware of the possibility of familial cerebral palsy for early detection and counseling. We describe a rare case of two male siblings from a non-consanguineous marriage affected by cerebral palsy.
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