Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 55 in total

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  1. Awuah WA, Tenkorang PO, Adebusoye FT, Ng JC, Wellington J, Abdul-Rahman T, et al.
    Postgrad Med J, 2023 Dec 21;100(1179):1-3.
    PMID: 37857514 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgad100
  2. Lim KH, Liam CK, Wong CM
    Postgrad Med J, 2000 Aug;76(898):512, 518-9.
    PMID: 10908387
  3. Biswal BM, Madhavan M, Anas SR
    Postgrad Med J, 2000 Nov;76(901):719-20, 728-9.
    PMID: 11060156
  4. Fadilah SA, Cheong SK, Maimunah A, Toh ST, Shamin AS
    Postgrad Med J, 2001 Nov;77(913):733-4, 737-9.
    PMID: 11677287
  5. Leong KW, Bosco JJ, Shaik IB
    Postgrad Med J, 1995 Feb;71(832):112-3.
    PMID: 7724422
    Acute aortic thrombosis is a rare condition, occurring mainly as a result of trauma or atherosclerosis and occasionally secondary to hypercoagulable states. We report a patient with relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia who developed an unusual complication, acute aortic thrombosis.
  6. Ng SC, Lee MK, Teh A
    Postgrad Med J, 1989 Nov;65(769):843-4.
    PMID: 2616421
    A 72 year old man developed acute organic brain syndrome associated with marked eosinophilia following self medication with a variety of drugs. Investigations revealed no other known causes of eosinophilia. Withdrawal of drugs resulted in dramatic drop in eosinophil count paralleled by clinical resolution of neurological problems. To our knowledge drug-induced eosinophilia has not previously been associated with acute organic brain syndrome.
  7. Fadilah SA, Raymond AA, Cheong SK
    Postgrad Med J, 2001 Apr;77(906):268-269; discussion 277-8.
    PMID: 11264499
  8. Jalleh RP, Pathmanathan R, Krishnan MM, Mukherjee A
    Postgrad Med J, 1988 Sep;64(755):669-71.
    PMID: 3251217
    Four cases of anorectal melanoma are presented. The authors believe that this is the first report of the occurrence of this tumour in Malays. Advanced disease at initial presentation accounts for the poor prognosis observed in this series. Surgery remains the principal treatment modality, although controversy exists regarding optimal extent of resection.
  9. Cronin C, Lucas M, McCarthy A, Boland F, Varadarajan R, Premnath N, et al.
    Postgrad Med J, 2019 Mar;95(1121):119-124.
    PMID: 30975724 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-136136
    BACKGROUND: A survey of medical students from the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) at Dublin, Perdana and Penang in Malaysia was undertaken in an attempt to explore attitudes towards a career in surgery and document potential differences between male and female students' perceptions of a surgical career.

    METHOD: A hyperlink to an online, anonymised questionnaire was distributed to medical students in 3rd, 4th and final year at three RCSI campuses. Basic descriptive statistics were used to describe the responses to individual questions and appropriate statistical tests used to compare male and female responses to questions.

    RESULTS: A total of 464 completed questionnaires were analysed. Almost 40% (n=185) were male and 60% (n=279) were female. Males were significantly more influenced by remuneration than females (p<0.001) towards a choice of surgical career. Females were significantly more influenced in their choice of surgical career by part-time work (p<0.001), parental leave (p<0.001), working hours (p<0.001) and length of residency (p=0.003). During surgical attachments, females were significantly more likely to admit feeling intimidated than males (p=0.002) and males more likely to report feeling confident (p<0.001). Ninety-six per cent of students felt they would be more likely to pursue a career in which they had identified a positive role model, with female medical students three times more likely to have identified a female role model than males.

    CONCLUSION: According to our study, preference for a career in surgery declines with advancing years in medical school for both males and females. Medical students report high levels of feeling intimidated or ignored during their surgical placements, and enthusiasm for surgery reduces during medical school with exposure to this. These findings, along with the importance of role modelling, add further urgency to the need to address factors which make surgery less appealing to female medical graduates.

  10. Pang FS, Liaw EYF, De S
    Postgrad Med J, 2023 Sep 21;99(1176):1068-1075.
    PMID: 37334974 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgad047
    Jehovah's Witness (JW) is a denomination of Christianity which has many-fold higher morbidity and mortality compared to the general population as they refuse blood transfusion. Information is scanty regarding guidelines on the optimal approach to pregnant ladies of JW faith. In this review we have attempted to analyse the ways and techniques available which can be used to reduce the morbidity and mortality of these women. In antenatal care, haematological status can be optimised to reduce modifiable risk factors, namely anaemia by parenteral iron therapy from the second trimester onwards especially in patients who do not respond to oral iron therapy. In severe cases, erythropoietin serves as an effective alternative to blood transfusion. During the intrapartum period, using antifibrinolytics, cell salvage, bloodless surgical techniques, and uterine cooling for patients undergoing caesarean delivery have been proven effective. To conclude, complications of pregnant JW patients may be reduced if they comply with the preventives and targeted monitoring during the various phases of pregnancy. Further studies are warranted as this population exists as a minor group but is growing worldwide.
  11. Kalam N, Balasubramaniam VRMT
    Postgrad Med J, 2024 Mar 16.
    PMID: 38493312 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgae030
    The microbes in the gut are crucial for maintaining the body's immune system and overall gut health. However, it is not fully understood how an unstable gut environment can lead to more severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The gut microbiota also plays a role in the gut-brain axis and interacts with the central nervous system through metabolic and neuroendocrine pathways. The interaction between the microbiota and the host's body involves hormonal, immune, and neural pathways, and any disruption in the balance of gut bacteria can lead to dysbiosis, which contributes to pathogen growth. In this context, we discuss how dysbiosis could contribute to comorbidities that increase susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. Probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation have successfully treated infectious and non-infectious inflammatory-related diseases, the most common comorbidities. These treatments could be adjuvant therapies for COVID-19 infection by restoring gut homeostasis and balancing the gut microbiota.
  12. Mallhi TH, Khan AH, Sarriff A, Adnan AS, Khan YH, Jummaat F
    Postgrad Med J, 2016 Feb;92(1084):78-86.
    PMID: 26729887 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133582
    Several criteria have been used to stratify acute kidney injury (AKI) in dengue infection and have resulted in variations in its incidence as well as clinic-laboratory characteristics. The current study was aimed to compare three commonly used criteria of AKI among patients with dengue.
  13. Jackson WP
    Postgrad Med J, 1972 Jul;48(561):391-8.
    PMID: 5069893 DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.48.561.391
    We have investigated the total prevalence of diabetes and related factors among representative, randomly chosen samples of the five ethnic groups living in Cape Town, and (East) Indians in Durban. Comparisons are hindered by differences in age distribution of the populations, while small, isolated groups were found to be unrepresentative. The variability of a single individual's blood sugar levels led us to require at least three abnormal values on 2 different days for a positive diagnosis. The use of different criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes varying from ‘lax’ to ‘stringent’ alters the discovered prevalence in our groups by the factor of approximately 2.

    Mean blood glucose levels rose with middle age but never between childhood and early adulthood. Afternoon screening tests appeared valid, despite the agreed diurnal difference in glucose tolerance figures.

    Both high screening blood glucose levels and diabetes itself were most common among Indians and coloured people and least among Whites and Bantu, each of the latter having a total diabetes prevalence of approximately 3·5% over age 15. It is noted that the Cape Coloured have more diabetes than any of the constituent races from which they originated.

    The reasons for such racial differences are unclear—obesity cannot be the explanation here, since, to take one example, the fattest group of all, the Bantu women, have the lowest prevalence of diabetes. We found mild diabetes not uncommon among young people under 20 in the Indian, Malay and coloured population but none among White or Bantu. There was little difference between the sexes, and if anything the poorer people had more diabetes than the better-off.
  14. Chong KC
    Postgrad Med J, 1976 Aug;52(610):504-10.
    PMID: 824633
    The incidence, clinical features and pathology of nine cases of diverticula of the appendix in Malaysians are reported. The findings are discussed and compared with those previously reported. The pathogenesis of the lesion in eight cases is unknown. The rare association of lumenal obstruction by a carcinoid tumour and diverticulum formation in the appendix is seen in one case.
  15. Amanullah I, Khan YH, Anwar I, Gulzar A, Mallhi TH, Raja AA
    Postgrad Med J, 2019 Nov;95(1129):601-611.
    PMID: 31434683 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-136364
    The efficacy of vitamin E among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unclear. The current qualitative and quantitative analyses aimed to ascertain the efficacy of vitamin E on clinical outcomes of patients with NAFLD. A systematic search of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was performed using databases (PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, EBSCOhost and Ovid) from inception to July 2018. Trials meeting the inclusion criteria were subjected to quality assessment using the Jadad Scoring. All trials meeting the prerequisites information for meta-analysis were subjected to quantitative synthesis of results. Nine RCTs (five in adults and four in children) were included. Four of the five RCTs on adults demonstrated significant improvements in alanine transaminase and other liver function surrogates in patients with NAFLD. On the other hand, only one of the four RCTs conducted on children showed significant improvements in liver functions with the use of vitamin E. Although quantitative synthesis of available data revealed insignificant differences between vitamin E and placebo, still the use of vitamin E improves the level of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase by -1.96 and -0.59, with heterogeneity of I2=67% and I2=0%, respectively. Adjuvant vitamin E therapy provides significant biochemical and histological improvements in adult patients with NAFLD, while paediatric patients showed insignificant efficacy compared with placebo. Lifestyle interventions along with vitamin E can provide much better results. Data, including the impact of vitamin E on hepatic histology, are still lacking. Moreover, the short duration of trials limits the conclusion on the safety and efficacy of proposed treatments.
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