Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 103 in total

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  1. Ahmad Maliki Omar, Muhamad Rizuan Yahir, Sulaiman Shaari, Abdul Rahman Omar
    MyJurnal
    This paper presents and describes a prototype product code-named SolT2A
    which is a system that tracks the position of the sun automatically across the
    celestial vault in two axes. This kind of system is typically used in a solar
    photovoltaic (PV) system in terrestrial applications to provide electrical
    power. It is designed and fabricated due to Malaysia’s location near the
    equator, thus the solar altitude crosses the zenith and the azimuth reverses
    direction during the year. Thus the use of a static PV system is not maximised
    during half of the year. This situation can be addressed by using a two-axes
    solar tracking system. So far, Malaysia has not implemented such powertracking
    systems. Thus SolT2A has been designed and fabricated to address
    the problem by using a combination of electro-mechanical devices with an
    element of programming ingenuity and intelligence. Basically SolT2A
    measures solar irradiance at four points and makes comparisons in terms of
    the intensity received. These data are then analysed and processed by a
    controller before being sent to a DC motor that ensures the maximum amount
    of solar irradiance received on the PV panels all the time. Thus SolT2A is a
    system that maximises the power output of the PV panels to obtain the highest
  2. Amir Syafiq Samsudin, Mohd Hisbany Mohd Hashim, Siti Hawa Hamzah, Afidah Abu Bakar
    Scientific Research Journal, 2018;15(1):15-29.
    MyJurnal
    Nowadays, demands in the application of fibre in concrete increase gradually as an engineering material. Rapid cost increment of material causes the increase in demand of new technology that provides safe, efficient and economical design for the present and future application. The introduction ofribbed slab reduces concrete materials and thusthe cost, but the strength of the structure also reduces due to the reducing of material. Steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) has the ability to maintain a part of its tensile strength prior to crack in order to resist more loading compared to conventional concrete. Meanwhile, the ribbed slab can help in material reduction. This research investigated on the bending strength of 2-ribbed and 3-ribbed concrete slab with steel fibre reinforcement under static loading with a span of 1500 mm and 1000 mm x 75 mm in cross section. An amount of 40 kg/m steel fibre of all total concrete volume was used as reinforcement instead of conventional bars with concrete grade 30 N/mm2 . The slab wastested underthree-point bending. Load versus deflection curve was plotted to illustrate the result and to compare the deflection between control and ribbed slab. Thisresearch showsthat SFRCRibbed Slab capable to withstand the same amount of load as normal slab structure, although the concrete volume reduces up to 20%.
  3. Norfaezah Mazalan, Mazatulikhma Mat Zain, Nor Saliyana Jumali, Norhanim Mohalid, Zurina Shameri, Ahmad Sazali Hamzah
    Scientific Research Journal, 2011;8(2):33-47.
    MyJurnal
    Recently, research and development in the field of drug delivery systems (DDS) facilitating site-specific therapy has reached significant progression. DDS based on polymer micelles, coated micro- and nanoparticles, and various prodrug systems including water-soluble polymer have been prepared and extensively studied as novel drugs designed for cancer chemotherapy and brain delivery. Since polymers are going to be used in human, this study has the interest of testing two types of polymer, polyimides (PI) and polyphenylenevinylene (PPV) on neuronal cells. The objective of this study was to determine the possible neurotoxicity and potential neuroprotective effects of PI and PPV towards SH-SY5Y neuronal cells challenged by hydrogen peroxide (1120) as an oxidant. Cells were pretreated with either PI or PPV for 1 hour followed by incubation for 24 hour with 100 ,uM of 11201. MTS • assay was used to assess cell viability. Results show that PI and PPV are not harmful within the concentration up to 10 pM and 100 pM, respectively. However, PI and PPV do not protect neuronal cells against toxicity induced by H2O, or further up the cell death.
  4. Muhammad Mustakim Mohd Ghaztar, Nik Noor Idayu Nik Ibrahim, Sarani Zakaria, Ahmad Zafir Romli
    Scientific Research Journal, 2019;16(2):43-58.
    MyJurnal
    Natural fibre is known useful in many applications however, the existing fibre treatment method able to reduce its overall properties. In this study, a new, simple and cost-effective fibre coating treatment method was developed which was able to improve the physical and morphological properties that open a new path for natural based materials to be used in a more robust application. The physical and morphological properties of various coated kenaf fibres were analysed to comprehend the cutting behaviour of coated fibres after subjected to the pulverisation process. The kenaf fibres were individually immersed in 1:4, 1:5 and 1:6 epoxy to acetone coating solutions prior cured, and pulverised consecutively using 5 mm, 1 mm, 0.5 mm and 0.25 mm mesh sizes aperture. The morphological characteristic was analysed using polarised optical and scanning electron microscope. The result showed that 1:6 coating ratio solution able to effectively coat the fibres’ aspect ratio that forming individual coated fibre which in long length pulverised fibres. Moreover, the low viscous 1:6 solution able to penetrate inside fibre structure that supported by density and fibre crosssection analysis compare to the other solutions. In future, this analysis is crucial to give insight on the coated fibres behaviour after subjected to the mechanical means of cutting process that later relates to the reinforcing mechanism in the composite samples.
  5. Muhd Norhasri Mohd Sidek, Mohd Fadzil Arshad, Megat Azmi Megat Johari, Zaid Mohd Yazid, Amir Khomeiny, R.
    MyJurnal
    Metakaolin is a manufactured pozzolan produced by thermal processing of purified kaolinitic clay using electrical furnace. This study has examined the effect of Metakaolin on the properties of cement and concrete at a replacement level of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%. The parameters studied were divided into two groups which are chemical compositions, water requirement, setting time and soundness test were carried out for cementitous properties. Workability, compressive strength and bending strength were test for concrete properties. Hardened concrete was cured under different type of curing conditions and tested.. The result showed that the inclusions of Metakaolin as cement replacement minerals have change some of the cementitous and concrete properties. This research reveals, the optimum effect for cementitous and concrete properties for metakaolin was 10%.
  6. Nur Nabilah Abu Mangshor, Nurbaity Sabri, Zaidah Ibrahim, Zolidah Kasiran, Anis Safura Ahmad
    Scientific Research Journal, 2017;14(2):63-71.
    MyJurnal
    'Doa' is derived from Arabic word which means that one asks for the
    fulfillment or a need or the cure of sickness from him/her. Having to search
    and retrieve the relevant ‘doa’ for one needs at any particular time is
    beneficial. There are some search and retrieval applications that require
    using the exact match of the keyword search with the words stored in the
    database. This approach leads to the retrieval of insignificant results as
    users need to know the exact word to be searched. Therefore, this project
    allows for partial keyword search that utilises N-gram method for the
    search and retrieval process. Moreover, various words may have similar
    meaning thus to increase the accuracy of the retrieved result, this project
    compares the dice and overlap coefficient algorithms to find the synonyms
    of the searched word. The result produced indicates that overlap coefficient
    perform better than dice coefficient.
  7. Asra Hosseini
    MyJurnal
    From earliest cities to the present, spatial division into residential zones and neighbourhoods is the universal feature of urban areas. This study explored issue of measuring neighbourhoods through spatial autocorrelation method based on Moran’s I index in respect of achieving to best neighbourhoods’ model for forming cities smarter. The research carried out by selection of 35 neighbourhoods only within central part of traditional city of Kerman in Iran. The results illustrate, 75% of neighbourhoods’ area in the inner city of Kerman had clustered pattern, and it shows reduction in Moran’s index is associated with disproportional distribution of density and increasing in Moran’s I and Z-score have monotonic relation with more dense areas and clustered pattern. It may be more efficient for urban planner to focus on spatial autocorrelation to foster neighbourhood cohesion rather than emphasis on suburban area. It is recommended characteristics of historic neighbourhoods can be successfully linked to redevelopment plans toward making city smarter, and also people’s quality of life can be related to the way that neighbourhoods’ patterns are defined.
  8. Mohd Fakharul Zaman Raja Yahyai, Athifah Najwani Shahidan
    Scientific Research Journal, 2012;9(1):63-74.
    MyJurnal
    Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a second messenger molecule involved in the intracellular signalling mechanism which is important in a wide range of cellular process including metabolism, gene expression, cell proliferation and cell death. This study was conducted to determine the effect of fresh (FCC)) and thermoxidized carotino oil (TCO) on erythrocyte cGMP levels from Sprague dawley rats. A total of 30 Sprague dawley rats were randomly segregated into three groups: the first of which was placed on a Fresh Carotino Oil (FCO) diet, the second on a Thermoxidized Carotino Oil (TCO) diet and the control group on commercial rat chow only for a period of 6 and 9 weeks. The two oil diets comprised of 20% (w.10 of each oil mixed with commercial rat,feed. The enzyme immunoassays, performed in week 6, revealed that the erythrocytes cGMP levels for the FCO and TCO groups were 66.198±3.193 pmol/mL and 61.990±6.318 ptnol/mL respectively, and were significantly (p
  9. Normah Ismail, Juliana Mahmod, Awatif Khairul Fatihin Mustafa Kamal
    MyJurnal
    In this study, Hydrolysate from angelwing clam (Pholas orientalis) was produced at 0, 1, 2 and 3 hrs and E/S ratio of 0.5 and 3% using alcalase where the pH and temperature were kept constant at pH 8.5 and 60°C, respectively. The hydrolysates were analysed for antioxidant and functional properties such as solubility, emulsifying properties and water and oil holding capacity. Degree of hydrolysis (DH), yield, functional and antioxidant properties were influenced by the hydrolysis time and E/S ratio. Higher enzyme concentration (E/S 3%) and longer hydrolysis time increased the DH. Yield was higher at E/S 3% but reduced with hydrolysis time. Longer hydrolysis time produced more soluble hydrolysate and higher metal chelating activity but lower in emulsifying properties and DPPH activity. Higher enzyme concentration resulted in increase only in solubility and metal chelating activity. This study revealed that enzymatic hydrolysis using alcalase should be performed at shorter hydrolysis time using intermediate concentration of enzyme (E/S between 0.5 to 3%) in order to produce angelwing clam hydrolysate with collectively good functional and antioxidant properties
  10. Nurul Hazwani Mohamad, Alawi Sulaiman, Jagannathan Krishnan, Mohd Noriznan Mokhtar, Azhari Samsu Baharuddin
    Scientific Research Journal, 2017;14(2):89-98.
    MyJurnal
    Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is the largest contributor of biomass from
    the palm oil milling industry. Conventional method of POME treatment
    using ponding system should be improved because of huge land resource
    requirement. In this study, microbubbles technology was applied to
    understand the recovery rate of residual oil from POME at different
    operating temperatures. Temperature for POME was set at 27 oC, 30 oC and
    50 oC to determine the microbubble size distributions and characteristics at
    different POME temperature. At each temperature, the size of microbubbles
    was measured based on six size range; 50 μm. The results showed that at different
    temperatures, the microbubbles size distribution varies and the smallest
    group of microbubbles (
  11. Nur Farahiah Ibrahim, Zahari Abu Bakar, Azlina Idris
    Scientific Research Journal, 2015;12(1):1-12.
    MyJurnal
    Channel estimation techniques for Multiple-input Multiple-output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) based on comb type pilot arrangement with least-square error (LSE) estimator was investigated with space-time-frequency (STF) diversity implementation. The frequency offset in OFDM impacts its performance. This was mitigated with the implementation of the presented inter-carrier interference self-cancellation (ICI-SC) techniques and different space-time subcarrier mapping. STF block coding in the system exploits the spatial, temporal and frequency diversity to improve performance. Estimated channel was fed into a decoder which combines the STF decoding together with the estimated channel coefficients using LSE estimator for equalization. The performance of the system is compared by measuring the symbol error rate with a PSK-16 and PSK-32. The results show that subcarrier mapping together with ICI-SC were able to increase the system performance. Introduction of channel estimation was also able to estimate the channel coefficient at only 5dB difference with a perfectly known channel.
  12. Shamsatun Nahar Ahmad, Nor’Aini Aris, Azlina Jumadi
    Scientific Research Journal, 2019;16(2):1-16.
    MyJurnal
    Concepts from algebraic geometry such as cones and fans are related to toric varieties and can be applied to determine the convex polytopes and homogeneous coordinate rings of multivariate polynomial systems. The homogeneous coordinates of a system in its projective vector space can be associated with the entries of the resultant matrix of the system under consideration. This paper presents some conditions for the homogeneous coordinates of a certain system of bivariate polynomials through the construction and implementation of the Sylvester-Bèzout hybrid resultant matrix formulation. This basis of the implementation of the Bèzout block applies a combinatorial approach on a set of linear inequalities, named 5-rule. The inequalities involved the set of exponent vectors of the monomials of the system and the entries of the matrix are determined from the coefficients of facets variable known as brackets. The approach can determine the homogeneous coordinates of the given system and the entries of the Bèzout block. Conditions for determining the homogeneous coordinates are also given and proven.
  13. Zainazlan Md Zain1, Mohd Nasir Taib, Shahrizam M. S. Baki, Azni Zain Ahmed
    MyJurnal
    This paper examines the temperature profile of a building material and also a
    built space. The study directly examines the influence of solar radiation on
    building material and the heat it generated and diffuses into the built space.
    Two experiments are presented. The first look at a simple technique for
    evaluating heat performance of a building material, and the second evaluates
    the performance of a cross-ventilated built space with respect to solar radiation.
  14. Madihah Ahmad, Bohari M. Yamin, Azwan Mat Lazim
    MyJurnal
    α-Mangostin was extracted from the pericarp of the Malaysian local Garcinia mangostana linn., The structure was characterised by Infrared red, UV-Visible and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopic data. The fluorescence peak at 500nm in ethanol was not observed in PNIPAM microgel solution. The increase of colloidal size of the gel in the presence of α-mangostin was studied by Dynamic Light Scattering and Transmission Electron Microscope. The size of the particle also increases with increasing temperature up to 45⁰C after which it began to shrink. The TEM micrograph at 45°C showed a uniformly structured pattern of the gel occurs in the range of the lowest solution critical temperature.
  15. Nicodemus Ujih, M.B., Mohammad Isa Mohamadin, Millaa Armila Asli, Bebe Norlita Mohamed
    Scientific Research Journal, 2017;14(1):15-27.
    MyJurnal
    Heavy metal ions contamination has become more serious which is caused
    by the releasing of toxic waterfrom industrial area and landfill that are very
    harmful to all living organism especially human and can even cause death
    if contaminated in small amount of heavy metal concentration. Currently,
    peoples are using classic method namely electrochemical treatment,
    chemical oxidation/reduction, chemical precipitation and reverse osmosis
    to eliminate the metal ions from toxic water. Unfortunately, these methods
    are costly and not environmentally friendly as compared to bioadsorption
    method, where agricultural waste is used as biosorbent to remove heavy
    metals. Two types of agricultural waste used in this research namely oil
    palm mesocarp fiber (Elaesis guineensis sp.) (OPMF) and mangrove bark
    (Rhizophora apiculate sp.) (MB) biomass. Through chemical treatment,
    the removal efficiency was found to improve. The removal efficiency is
    examined based on four specification namely dosage, of biosorbent to
    adsorb fourtypes of metalsion explicitly nickel, lead, copper, and chromium.
    The research has found that the removal efficiency of MB was lower than
    OPMF; whereas, the multiple metals ions removal efficiency decreased in
    the order of Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Ni2+ > Cr2+.
  16. Mohd Faiz Hassan, Chan, Kok Sheng
    Scientific Research Journal, 2019;16(1):13-27.
    MyJurnal
    The manganese oxides composite was synthesised via a simple molten salts method using a purchased MnCl2•2H2O as structuring agent. The structural details of the sample are important to be studied and previously rarely reported. It was characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and data analyses including fitting process were done by Search-Match and Origin software. The Vesta software was used to draw a diagram crystal structure of the as-prepared composite. The experimental results indicated that the composite has two phases, Mn3O4 and MnO2, in value of approximately 74.22% and 25.78%, separately. The composite was highly crystalline with 74.69% compared to 25.31% for amorphous. The crystallite size of the Mn3O4 and MnO2 were calculated in an average of 22 and 24 nm, respectively. However, the lattice strain of the as-prepared composite was obtained between 7.1 x 10-3 and 7.4 x 10-3. The lattice parameters for the Mn3O4 compound was a = 5.705 Å and c = 9.473 Å, whereas a = 9.390 Å, b = 2.477 Å, c = 4.705 Å correspond to the MnO2 compound. The obtained results concluded that the composite containing two different types of system structure (tetragonal and orthorhombic).
  17. Masra, S.M.W., Goh, K.L., Muhammad, M.S., Sapawi, R., Kipli, K., Shahrom, N.S., et al.
    Scientific Research Journal, 2017;14(2):99-112.
    MyJurnal
    This paper presents the development of a Graphical User Interface (GUI)
    for calculating the sum of nail-fold (NF) and distal interphalangeal joint
    (DIP) ratios for all ten fingers. The sum of NF:DIP ratios for all ten fingers
    leads to the Digital Index (DI) that was used as the measure for identifying
    and determining the presence of finger clubbing symptom. This GUI system
    was developed to serve as a simple and user-friendly interface for clinicians
    to calculate DI value of patients in a busy clinic practice. It is also equipped
    with the capability to keep the patient’s past diagnosis medical check-up
    data for future monitoring purposes. The result shows that the developed
    system helps the clinicians to perform calculation of DI value and identify
    the presence of finger clubbing in a very short time. The average time taken
    to measure both NF and DIP circumferences using Finger Clubbing Meter,
    and to compute DI values using Digital Index Evaluation System (DIES)
    interface is 6:36 ± 1:24 minutes (Mean ± SD) .This system is expected to
    contribute in detecting the finger clubbing problem at early stage of so the
    treatment can be performed immediately.
  18. Normah, Ismail, Ezzana Zuraini, Zainuddin
    Scientific Research Journal, 2015;12(1):1-12.
    MyJurnal
    Proteases were extracted from starfruit at maturity Index 2 (unripe, light green) and Index 7 (very ripe, orange) and partially purified using acetone and 40% ammonium sulfate precipitations. Higher yield and proteolytic activity were observed for proteases purified using acetone than 40% ammonium sulfate. As for maturity index, yield and protein concentration of proteases from Index 2 were higher than those from Index 7. SDS-PAGE result showed intense bands for acetone proteases while a distinct band at 50 kDa was observed in all the proteases. Enzyme activity decreased during the seven days storage at 4°C with minimum relative activity of 70% achieved for acetone proteases at day seven. This study suggested that acetone precipitation is more effective method for purifying starfruit protease based on the yield and proteolytic activity compared to using 40% ammonium sulphate precipitation. In order to obtain higher protein concentration and proteolytic activity, starfruit at the unripe stage, Index 2 is a better raw material than Index 7 to be used for protease production.
  19. Muhamad Faiz Musa, Mohd Reeza Yusof, Noor Sahidah Samsudin, Faridah Muhamad Halil
    MyJurnal
    The construction industry should move from conventional construction method and adopt the
    industrialisation concept, to increase productivity and deliver quality construction end products.
    Industrialisation is the combination of a large market to divide into fractions the investment in
    strategies and innovation, in return, of simplifying the production and, therefore, reducing the costs.
    The introduction of Degree of Industrialisation by Roger-Bruno Richard is critical to the construction
    industry. The five degrees of industrialisation are prefabrication, mechanisation, automation, robotics
    and reproduction. Richard’s Degree of Industrialisation is in line with the Malaysian government’s
    vision to be a developed nation by 2020, to push forward the use of innovative technologies in most
    industries including the construction industry. The adoption of industrialisation and innovations in
    the Malaysian construction industry has the potential to solve the current problems in the
    construction industry. The problems are the inferior quality of products and processes, a poor site
    working conditions, low construction productivity, high construction cost, relying on foreign workers
    and lack of skill labours. The adoption of industrialisation and innovations promote sustainability in
    the construction environment. The objectives of the study are to investigate whether the adoption of
    industrialisation in the construction environment promotes sustainability and to identify the current
    level of industrialisation of the Malaysian construction industry. The methodologies of the study are
    semi-structure interview and observation. The Malaysian construction industry is ready to embrace
    industrialisation in construction environment in limited areas and industrialisation promotes
    sustainability in the construction environment.
  20. Nur Liyana Aifa Mahammad Asri, Ainil Idzaty Mohamed Anwar, Nur Atiqah Najib, Gisip, Judith
    Scientific Research Journal, 2019;16(1):61-77.
    MyJurnal
    Composite panels were manufactured from kenaf particles and treated with two different alkali treatments using 2% NaOH and 2% KOH with resin contents of 8% and 10% of phenol formaldehyde (PF) at medium density of 650kg/m3. The objectives of this study were to determine the mechanical properties in terms of its modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and internal bond (IB), and physical properties namely thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA) of treated kenaf board. The mechanical and physical tests were performed according to the Malaysian Standard (MS1787:2004). The minimum requirements value for MOE, MOR and IB were 2000 MPa, 14 MPa and 0.45 MPa respectively for furniture grade particleboards for use in humid conditions (PF2). According to Malaysian specifications for physical properties, the maximum requirement for thickness swell is 15%. Results indicated that both treated boards with NaOH and KOH showed an increase in strength properties compared to untreated particleboard. Particleboard treated with KOH exhibited the highest MOR and MOE values, while board with NaOH treatment gave the highest IB value. The boards with treated particles gave better performance in terms of physical properties. There were no significant differences in mechanical properties (MOR, MOE and IB) and physical properties for the different alkali treatment. The values of bending strength and IB strength increased with an increase in resin content, while TS and WA increased with a decrease in resin content. In conclusion, NaOH and KOH treated kenaf particles improved board performance and could be considered as an alternative material for particleboard production.
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