MyMedR

Kirk J

Br J Ophthalmol, 1918 Mar;2(3):135-9.

Fulltext A case of sclerosing keratitis profunda

Viswalingam A

Br J Ophthalmol, 1936 Aug;20(8):449-55.

In October, 1931, A.L.J., an Anglo-Indian engineer, aged 59 years presented himself for examination on account of sore eyes and photophobia. The visual actuity was R.V. 6/12 with+0.75 sph.=6/6. L.V. 6/18 with+1 sph.=6/6. The pupils at that time were active to light and accommodation, the anterior chamber was slightly shallow and the tension not raised. The filtration atngle was " crowded."
Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States

EPIDEMIC SUPERFICIAL PUNCTATE KERATITIS IN MALAYA: An account based on observations of Superficial Punctate Keratitis which occurred in Selangor, one of the Federated Malay States, from 1935-38

Viswalingam A

Br J Ophthalmol, 1941 Jul;25(7):313-24.

PMID: 18169771

TWO CASES FROM MALAYA

Br J Ophthalmol, 1958 Jul;42(7):437.

PMID: 18170616

Ocular leprosy in West Malaysia. Search for a posterior segment lesion

Weerekoon L

Br J Ophthalmol, 1972 Feb;56(2):106-13.

PMID: 5010311

Comparative study of refractive errors in West Malaysia

Chandran S

Br J Ophthalmol, 1972 Jun;56(6):492-5.

PMID: 5069190

Ocular hazards of playing badminton

Chandran S

Br J Ophthalmol, 1974 Aug;58(8):757-60.

PMID: 4433488

Significance of intraocular lens power calculation

Singh M, Dahalan A

Br J Ophthalmol, 1987 Nov;71(11):850-3.

PMID: 3689737

A total of 94 patients underwent extracapsular cataract extraction and insertion of Sinsky style two-loop posterior chamber intraocular lenses. Forty-six eyes received a standard power IOL and 48 eyes were given a preoperatively calculated IOL. A significant difference was found in the two groups with regard to the postoperative refractive error and uncorrected visual acuity.

Malignant melanoma of the choroid in a naevus of Ota

Singh M, Kaur B, Annuar NM

Br J Ophthalmol, 1988 Feb;72(2):131-3.

PMID: 3349013

A rare case of choroidal malignant melanoma in a naevus of Ota is described. This is the first reported case from Asia outside the Japanese population. This case illustrates the need for close observation of all pigmented lesions of the eye.

Surgery of aphakic retinal detachment

Singh M

Br J Ophthalmol, 1988 Nov;72(11):820-2.

PMID: 3207656

In a prospective study 84 patients with aphakic retinal detachment were treated either by local scleral buckling alone or combined with an encirclement. The rate of surgical reattachment of the retina was found to be similar with either technique over a minimum follow-up period of one year. Simplicity and a low incidence of serious complications of the local procedure merit its application as the initial method of repairing aphakic detachments.

Adverse effect of intraoperative phenylephrine 10%: case report

Lai YK

Br J Ophthalmol, 1989 Jun;73(6):468-9.

PMID: 2751981

The case is reported of a patient who suffered severe acute hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, and myocardial infarction probably as a direct effect of phenylephrine overdose. Instillation of the drops during surgery probably enhanced the systemic absorption of a significant amount of the drug. Therefore it should be used during surgery with caution, especially in elderly patients and those with cardiovascular disease.

Treatment of macular hole retinal detachment

Lai YK

Br J Ophthalmol, 1990 Apr;74(4):201-2.

PMID: 2337542

Seven patients with macular hole retinal detachment were treated by intravitreal gas injection with or without release of subretinal fluid. Macular buckling, diathermy, cryopexy, or vitrectomy were not used. The patients were placed prone for eight hours a day until the gas had absorbed. In five of the seven patients the retina became reattached within three days and remained reattached with follow-up periods of three to 22 months (average nine months). It is believed that such detachments are due to vitreoretinal traction and the intravitreal gas bubble relieves this traction. This technique is simple, safe, and does not require costly or sophisticated instruments. It has an added advantage in preserving macular function.

Brightness discrimination and contrast sensitivity in chronic glaucoma--a clinical study

Teoh SL, Allan D, Dutton GN, Foulds WS

Br J Ophthalmol, 1990 Apr;74(4):215-9.

PMID: 2186795

The visual acuity, the difference in sensitivity of the two eyes to light (brightness ratio), and contrast sensitivity were assessed in 28 patients with chronic open angle glaucoma and compared with those of 41 normal controls of similar ages and visual acuity. The results obtained were related to the results of Tübingen visual field analysis in patients with glaucoma. Twenty-four of the 28 glaucoma patients (86%) had a significant disparity in brightness ratio between the two eyes. This was found to match the frequency of visual field loss. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between the interocular differences in brightness sense and the difference in the degree of visual field loss between the two eyes. Of the glaucoma patients 39% had sum contrast sensitivities outside the normal range for age-matched normal controls. No significant correlation was found between the interocular difference in brightness sense and the visual acuity or the interocular difference in sum contrast sensitivity. It is concluded that, in the presence of a normal visual acuity, the brightness ratio test warrants evaluation as a potential screening test for chronic open angle glaucoma.

Bilateral Norrie's disease in identical twins

Sukumaran K

Br J Ophthalmol, 1991 Mar;75(3):179-80.

PMID: 2012789

A case of Norrie's disease in an identical twins is reported. No positive family history was obtained. The couple had no other children. The older of the twins died at the age of 9 months of uncertain cause. To the best of my knowledge this is the first case of Norrie's disease reported in Malaysia. And its occurrence in an identical twins is very rare.

Rates of hospital admissions for primary angle closure glaucoma among Chinese, Malays, and Indians in Singapore

Wong TY, Foster PJ, Seah SK, Chew PT

Br J Ophthalmol, 2000 Sep;84(9):990-2.

PMID: 10966951

AIM: To estimate the rates of hospital admissions for primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) in Chinese, Malays, and Indians in Singapore

METHODS: A population-wide hospital discharge database in Singapore was used to identify all hospital admissions with a primary discharge diagnosis of PACG (International Classification of Disease-CM code: 365.2). The Singapore census was used for denominator data.

RESULTS: Between 1993 and 1997 there were 894 hospital admissions for PACG. The mean annual rate of PACG admissions was 11.1 per 100 000 (95% confidence interval (CI), 10.4, 11.8) among people aged 30 years and over. The annual rate was highest for Chinese (age and sex adjusted rate: 12.2 per 100 000), which was twice that of Malays (6.0 per 100 000) and Indians (6.3 per 100 000). Females had two times higher rates than males in all three races (age adjusted relative risk: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.7, 2.3).

CONCLUSION: Malay and Indian people had identical rates of hospital admissions for PACG, which were only half the rates compared with Chinese.

Prevalence of blindness and low vision in Malaysian population: results from the National Eye Survey 1996

Zainal M, Ismail SM, Ropilah AR, Elias H, Arumugam G, Alias D, et al.

Br J Ophthalmol, 2002 Sep;86(9):951-6.

PMID: 12185113

BACKGROUND: A national eye survey was conducted in 1996 to determine the prevalence of blindness and low vision and their major causes among the Malaysian population of all ages.

METHODS: A stratified two stage cluster sampling design was used to randomly select primary and secondary sampling units. Interviews, visual acuity tests, and eye examinations on all individuals in the sampled households were performed. Estimates were weighted by factors adjusting for selection probability, non-response, and sampling coverage.

RESULTS: The overall response rate was 69% (that is, living quarters response rate was 72.8% and household response rate was 95.1%). The age adjusted prevalence of bilateral blindness and low vision was 0.29% (95% CI 0.19 to 0.39%), and 2.44% (95% CI 2.18 to 2.69%) respectively. Females had a higher age adjusted prevalence of low vision compared to males. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of bilateral low vision and blindness among the four ethnic groups, and urban and rural residents. Cataract was the leading cause of blindness (39%) followed by retinal diseases (24%). Uncorrected refractive errors (48%) and cataract (36%) were the major causes of low vision.

CONCLUSION: Malaysia has blindness and visual impairment rates that are comparable with other countries in the South East Asia region. However, cataract and uncorrected refractive errors, though readily treatable, are still the leading causes of blindness, suggesting the need for an evaluation on accessibility and availability of eye care services and barriers to eye care utilisation in the country.

Ethnicity-specific prevalences of refractive errors vary in Asian children in neighbouring Malaysia and Singapore

Saw SM, Goh PP, Cheng A, Shankar A, Tan DT, Ellwein LB

Br J Ophthalmol, 2006 Oct;90(10):1230-5.

PMID: 16809384

To compare the prevalences of refractive errors in Malay, Chinese and Indian children in Malaysia and Singapore.

CUSUM: a dynamic tool for monitoring competency in cataract surgery performance

Salowi MA, Choong YF, Goh PP, Ismail M, Lim TO

Br J Ophthalmol, 2010 Apr;94(4):445-9.

PMID: 19951939 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2009.163063

AIMS: To apply cumulative sum (CUSUM) in monitoring performance of surgeons in cataract surgery and to evaluate the response of performance to intervention.
METHOD: A CUSUM analysis was applied to 80 phacoemulsification performed by three ophthalmic trainees and one consultant, for the occurrence of posterior capsular rupture and postoperative refracted vision of worse than 6/12 among patients without pre-existing ocular comorbidity. The CUSUM score of each consecutive procedure performed by an individual surgeon was calculated and charted on CUSUM chart. When trainees' CUSUM charts showed an unacceptable level of performance, their supervisors would give feedback and impose closer monitoring of subsequent surgeries.
RESULTS: CUSUM charts of the trainees demonstrated an initial upward followed by flattening trend. This reflects learning curves in their process of acquiring competency in phacoemulsification. In contrast, the consultant showed a flat curve indicating an ongoing maintenance of competence.
CONCLUSION: The CUSUM analysis is able to monitor and promptly detect adverse events and trends of unacceptable outcomes in cataract surgery. This objective and dynamic monitoring makes CUSUM a useful audit tool for individual surgeons, but more so for busy consultants who need to supervise trainees.

Lukman H, Kiat JE, Ganesan A, Chua WL, Khor KL, Choong YF

Br J Ophthalmol, 2010 Oct;94(10):1348-51.

PMID: 20601661 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2009.173526

There is a general consensus that individuals with conspicuous strabismus are perceived more negatively with respect to physical appearance, personality and capability. Such social biases can potentially lead to social alienation and negative psychosocial development, particularly when experienced at a young age. This study aims to explore young children's perception of peers with noticeable exotropia.

Fulltext 2245G/A polymorphism of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) gene is associated with diabetic retinopathy in the Malaysian population

Ng ZX, Kuppusamy UR, Tajunisah I, Fong KC, Koay AC, Chua KH

Br J Ophthalmol, 2012 Feb;96(2):289-92.

PMID: 22116960 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-300658

The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between 2245G/A gene polymorphism of the RAGE gene and retinopathy in Malaysian type 2 diabetic patients.

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