Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 26 in total

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  1. Hamzan MI, Sulaiman WAW
    Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2020 08;57(8):1051-1054.
    PMID: 32476501 DOI: 10.1177/1055665620926346
    OBJECTIVES: The author presents 4 cases and attempts to analyze the prevalence of true median cleft lip (MCL) in one center. Embryology, associated anomalies, and surgical treatment are discussed.

    DESIGN: A retrospective descriptive study.

    SETTING: Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia.

    PARTICIPANTS: All patients with congenital facial cleft deformities from 2005 to 2019 were retrieved from the Plastic Surgery OR Registry. All characteristics in interest were individually tabulated and evaluated. Four cases were reviewed and discussed.

    OUTCOME: Prevalence of true MCL.

    RESULTS: Out of the 494 patients included in the study, only 4 (0.81%) were affected with a median cleft, and the prevalence of true median cleft was hence determined to be 3 (0.61%) among the cleft population.

    CONCLUSION: The prevalence of the true MCL is rare which makes it hard to categorize these clefts, and the surgical protocol needs to be established for the definitive treatment.

  2. Beh YH, Farook TH, Jamayet NB, Dudley J, Rashid F, Barman A, et al.
    Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2021 03;58(3):386-390.
    PMID: 32808548 DOI: 10.1177/1055665620950074
    OBJECTIVE: The virtual cone beam computed tomography-derived 3-dimensional model was compared with the scanned conventional model used in the fabrication of a palatal obturator for a patient with a large palatal defect.

    DESIGN: A digitally derived 3-dimensional maxillary model incorporating the palatal defect was generated from the patient's existing cone beam computerized tomography data and compared with the scanned cast from the conventional impression for linear dimensions, area, and volume. The digitally derived cast was 3-dimensionally printed and the obturator fabricated using traditional techniques. Similarly, an obturator was fabricated from the conventional cast and the fit of both final obturator bulbs were compared in vivo.

    RESULTS: The digitally derived model produced more accurate volumes and surface areas within the defect. The defect margins and peripheries were overestimated which was reflected clinically.

    CONCLUSION: The digitally derived model provided advantages in the fabrication of the palatal obturator; however, further clinical research is required to refine consistency.

  3. Yakob M, Hassan YR, Tse KL, Gu M, Yang Y
    PMID: 28092164 DOI: 10.1597/16-191
    Objective To test the reliability of the modified Huddart-Bodenham (MHB) numerical scoring system and its agreement with the GOSLON Yardstick categorization for assessing the dental arch relationships in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) cases. Design A retrospective study. Setting Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong. Patients Forty-one nonsyndromic UCLP consecutive patients attending the Joint Cleft Lip/Palate Clinic at Faculty of Dentistry in the University of Hong Kong were selected. Interventions Study models at 8 to 10 years old (T1) and 10 to 12 years old (T2) were obtained from each patient. Main Outcome Measures Models were rated with the MHB scoring system and GOSLON Yardstick index. The intra- and interexaminer reliabilities as well as correlation of both scoring systems were evaluated. Furthermore, to investigate the outcome measurements consistency, the MHB scoring system and GOSLON Yardstick were independently used to compare the dental arch relationships from T1 to T2, with the samples split into intervention and nonintervention groups. Results The MHB scoring system presented good intra- and interexaminer agreement, which were comparable to those of the GOSLON Yardstick. The correlation between the MHB scoring system and GOSLON Yardstick scores was good. Both scoring systems showed similar results when assessing the change in the dental arch relationships from T1 to T2. Conclusions The MHB scoring system can be used as an alternative method to the commonly used GOSLON Yardstick for assessing dental deformities in UCLP patients. Both scoring systems showed similar results in assessing the improvement in dental arch relationships.
  4. Arshad AI, Alam MK, Khamis MF
    Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2018 05;55(5):682-687.
    PMID: 29518343 DOI: 10.1177/1055665618758278
    OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to assess the treatment outcome of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP) patients using modified Huddart/Bodenham scoring system (MHB). To determine whether there is an association of congenital and postnatal factors with the treatment outcome.

    DESIGN: Retrospective observational study.

    SETTING: Two regional cleft-referral centers.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: In the current study, 101 pairs of dental models of non-syndromic CUCLP patients were retrieved from hospital archives. Each occlusal relationship from central incisor till the first permanent molars were scored except the lateral incisor. Sum of 10 occlusal relationships in each study sample gave a total occlusion score. The primary outcome was the mean total occlusion score.

    RESULTS: According to MHB, a mean (standard deviation) total occlusion score of -8.92 (6.89) was determined. Based on treatment outcome, 66 cases were favorable (grades 1, 2, and 3) and 35 cases were unfavorable (grades 4 and 5). Chi-square tests indicated, difference of cheiloplasty ( P = .001) and palatoplasty ( P < .001) statistically significant. Five variables-gender, family history of cleft, cleft side, cheiloplasty, and palatoplasty-were analyzed with a logistic regression model.

    CONCLUSIONS: Final model indicated that cases treated with modified Millard technique (cheiloplasty) and Veau-Wardill-Kilner method (palatoplasty) had higher odds of unfavorable treatment outcome.

  5. El-Ashmawi NA, ElKordy SA, Salah Fayed MM, El-Beialy A, Attia KH
    Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2019 04;56(4):438-453.
    PMID: 30052473 DOI: 10.1177/1055665618788421
    OBJECTIVE: The aim of the systematic review is to evaluate the effects of gingivoperiosteoplasty (GPP) on alveolar bone quality and facial growth in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP).

    SEARCH METHODS: Electronic and manual search was done up to October 2017.

    ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Clinical and observational studies that compared GPP to control; patients without GPP evaluated either before or after the age for secondary bone graft (SBG).

    DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Studies selection was done by 2 authors independently. Risk ratio and mean difference with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models.

    RESULTS: Thirteen articles were included in the review. All studies were at high risk of bias. Poorer alveolar bone quality was found in the GPP group compared to the SBG group. The pooled data showed a statistically significant increase in the incidence of Bergland type III in the GPP group compared to SBG (risk ratio: 11.51, 95% CI: 3.39-35.15). As for facial growth, GPP group resulted in a more retruded maxillary position (as indicated by "Sella-Nasion-Subspinale" angle [SNA value]) compared to control group by -1.36 (CI: -4.21 to 1.49) and -1.66 (CI: -2.48 to -0.84) when evaluated at 5 and 10 years, respectively. The protocol for presurgical infant orthopedics used in conjunction with the GPP procedure might have affected the results of the alveolar bone and facial growth outcomes.

    CONCLUSIONS: Definitive conclusions about the effectiveness of GPP cannot be drawn. Very weak evidence indicated that GPP might not be an efficient method for alveolar bone reconstruction for patients with unilateral and bilateral CLP. Gingivoperiosteoplasty surgery could lead to maxillary growth inhibition in patients with CLP.

  6. Ghazali N, Rahman NA, Kannan TP, Jaafar S
    Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2015 07;52(4):e88-94.
    PMID: 26151095 DOI: 10.1597/14-024
    OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of mutations in transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFβ3) and Jagged2 genes and their association with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) patients.

    DESIGN: Cross-sectional study on nonsyndromic CL±P and noncleft patients.

    SETTING: Reconstructive clinic and outpatient dental clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia.

    PATIENTS: Blood samples of 96 nonsyndromic CL±P and 96 noncleft subjects.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence and association of mutations in TGFβ3 and Jagged2 genes with nonsyndromic CL±P.

    RESULTS: Most of the nonsyndromic CL±P patients (53.1%) had left unilateral CLP. There were slightly more females (56.6%) compared with males. The prevalence of the mutations in the TGFβ3 gene was 17.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.5, 24.5) and in the Jagged2 gene was 12.5% (95% CI: 5.5, 18.5), which was higher compared with the noncleft group. For the TGFβ3 gene, there was no mutation in the coding region in either of the groups. All variants were single nucleotide polymorphisms located within the intronic flanking region. Two variants were identified (g.15812T>G and g.15966A>G) in both nonsyndromic CL±P and noncleft patients. However, the association was not significant (P > .05). Three variants (g.19779C>T, g.19547G>A, and g.19712C>T) were identified in the Jagged2 gene among nonsyndromic CL±P and noncleft patients. Only g.19712C>T showed a significant association with nonsyndromic CL±P patients (P = .039).

    CONCLUSION: g.19712C>T might play a crucial role in the development of cleft lip and palate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the mutation found within intron 13 of the Jagged2 gene among nonsyndromic CL±P Malay patients.

    Study site:Reconstructive and outpatient dental clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM)
  7. Al-Khatib AR, Rajion ZA, Masudi SM, Hassan R, Anderson PJ, Townsend GC
    Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2012 Jul;49(4):463-71.
    PMID: 22236217 DOI: 10.1597/11-151
    It is clear that population-specific norms should be used when planning plastic and reconstructive surgery for selected patients. In this study, we aimed to generate nasal and labial reference values by applying a stereophotogrammetric technique. A further aim was to investigate the effect of sexual dimorphism, age-related changes, and the interrelation between nasal and labial morphology.
  8. Ibrahim HM, Reilly S, Kilpatrick N
    Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2012 Sep;49(5):e61-3.
    PMID: 21787239 DOI: 10.1597/11-001
    To establish normative nasalance scores for a set of newly developed stimuli in Malay.
  9. Zreaqat M, Hassan R, Halim AS
    Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2009 May;46(3):326-30.
    PMID: 19642750 DOI: 10.1597/07-210.1
    To determine the treatment outcome based on dentoalveolar relationships among Malay children born with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP).
  10. Rahman RA, Ahmad A, Rahman ZA, Mokhtar KI, Lah NA, Zilfalil BA, et al.
    Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2008 Nov;45(6):583-6.
    PMID: 18956930 DOI: 10.1597/07-020.1
    To determine the frequency of the transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha) Taq1 polymorphism in nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL+/-P) and cleft palate only (CP) in Kelantan, Malaysia.
  11. Noor SN, Musa S
    Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2007 May;44(3):292-303.
    PMID: 17477746
    OBJECTIVES: Determination of the psychosocial status and assessment of the level of satisfaction in Malaysian cleft palate patients and their parents.
    DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.
    PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Sixty cleft lip and palate patients (12 to 17 years of age) from Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia and their parents were selected. The questionnaires used were the Child Interview Schedule, the Parents Interview Schedule, and the Cleft Evaluation Profile (CEP), administered via individual interviews.
    RESULTS: Patients were teased because of their clefts and felt their self-confidence was affected by the cleft condition. They were frequently teased about cleft-related features such as speech, teeth, and lip appearance. Parents also reported that their children were being teased because of their clefts and that their children's self-confidence was affected by the clefts. Both showed a significant level of satisfaction with the treatment provided by the cleft team. There was no significant difference between the responses of the patients and their parents. The features that were found to be most important for the patients and their parents, in decreasing order of priority, were teeth, nose, lips, and speech.
    CONCLUSIONS: Cleft lip and/or palate patients were teased because of their clefts, and it affected their self-confidence. The Cleft Evaluation Profile is a reliable and useful tool to assess patients' level of satisfaction with treatment received for cleft lip and/or palate and can identify the types of cleft-related features that are most important for the patients.
  12. Mourougayan V
    Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2006 Nov;43(6):656-8.
    PMID: 17105330
    To study the quality of scars following the use of butyl cyanoacrylate to close the skin during cleft lip repair.
  13. Rajion ZA, Townsend GC, Netherway DJ, Anderson PJ, Hughes T, Shuaib IL, et al.
    Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2006 Sep;43(5):532-8.
    PMID: 16986987
    To compare morphological and positional variations of the hyoid bone in unoperated infants with cleft lip and palate (CL/P) with those in noncleft infants.
  14. Rajion ZA, Townsend GC, Netherway DJ, Anderson PJ, Yusof A, Hughes T, et al.
    Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2006 Sep;43(5):513-8.
    PMID: 16986980
    To investigate anatomical variations and abnormalities of cervical spine morphology in unoperated infants with cleft lip and palate.
  15. Arief EM, Mohamed Z, Idris FM
    Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2005 May;42(3):277-9.
    PMID: 15865462
    OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of surgery on types and colony count of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species in cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients.

    DESIGN: Saliva samples were collected after the morning meal by placing a sterile cotton swab in the vestibule of the oral cavity from cleft lip and palate patients immediately preoperative and 12 weeks postoperative. Normal children were examined as a control group. Samples were cultured; Staphylococcus and Streptococcus isolates were identified and quantified.

    PATIENTS: Fifteen cleft lip and palate patients and 22 normal children, aged 3 to 39 months were examined.

    RESULTS: Streptococcus mitis biovar 1, Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus oralis of the viridans group of streptococci were the most commonly found in normal children, as well as in cleft lip and palate children. In the cleft lip and palate group, mean streptococcal count was 32.41 (29.80) and 46.46 (42.80) in the pre- and postoperative periods, respectively; in the normal group, the count was 20.93 (27.93) and 49.92 (34.72) at 0 week and 12 weeks, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common Staphylococcus species found in CLP patients, representing 47.4% postoperatively. In the cleft lip and palate children, mean staphylococcal count was 5.34 (8.13) and 0.56 (0.92) in the pre- and postoperative periods, respectively; in normal children, the count was 0.82 (1.98) and 0.60 (2.55) at 0 and 12 weeks, respectively. The differences were statistically significant only for the staphylococcal count between pre- and postoperative periods in children with cleft lip and palate as tested by analysis of variance (p < .05).

    CONCLUSIONS: Cleft lip and palate patients had more colonization by S. aureus compared with normal children, and the colony count decreased significantly following surgical repair of the cleft lip and palate.

  16. Arshad AR
    Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 1995 Mar;32(2):167-9.
    PMID: 7748879
    Midline cleft of the lower lip is defined as a midline vertical cleft of the soft tissue of the lower lip. It may present with a midline cleft of the mandible. It may also be accompanied by other congenital anomalies such as a cleft tongue, ankyloglossia, a heart lesion, and absence of the hyoid bone. The etiologic cause is thought to be a failure of mesodermal penetration into the midline structures of the first branchial arch. This case report is on a female child who presented with an incomplete midline cleft of the soft tissue of the lower lip. It was surgically corrected with a vertical wedge excision and primary closure.
  17. Haque S, Alam MK, Khamis MF
    Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2018 08;55(7):966-973.
    PMID: 27479096 DOI: 10.1597/15-293
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the dental arch relationship (DAR) of nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and to explore the various phenotype and postnatal treatment factors that are responsible for poor DAR.

    DESIGN: Retrospective study.

    SETTING: School of Dental Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

    SUBJECTS: Eighty-four Bangladeshi children with nonsyndromic UCLP who received cheiloplasty and palatoplasty.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Dental models were taken at 5 to 12 years of age (man: 7.69), and dental arch relationships were assessed using modified Huddart/Bodenham index (mHB) by two raters. Kappa statistics was used to evaluate the intra- and interexaminer agreements, chi-square was used to assess the associations, and logistic regression analysis was used to explore the responsible factors that affect DAR.

    RESULTS: The total mHB score (mean [SD]) was -8.261 (7.115). Intra- and interagreement was very good. Using crude and stepwise backward regression analysis, significant association was found between positive history of class III (P = .025, P = .030, respectively) and unfavorable DAR. Complete UCLP (P = .003) was also significantly correlated with unfavorable DAR.

    CONCLUSION: This multivariate study suggested complete type of UCLP and positive history of class III had a significantly unfavorable effect on the DAR.

  18. Lee JY, Mohd Zainal H, Mat Zain MAB
    Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2019 10;56(9):1243-1248.
    PMID: 31092003 DOI: 10.1177/1055665619846772
    Congenital bifid tongue with cleft palate is a very rare malformation with different variations. We are reporting 2 cases of rare congenital bifid tongue with cleft palate in our hospital setting and their surgical management. A multidisciplinary approach, well-planned staged operations, rehabilitation, and follow-up are needed to achieve favorable outcomes.
  19. Hassan YR, Tse KL, Khambay B, Wong RWK, Gu M, Yang Y
    PMID: 28094563 DOI: 10.1597/15-155
    Objective To evaluate the severity of the dental arch relationships and the treatment outcomes of reverse headgear (RHG) in southern Chinese patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Design A retrospective study. Setting Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong. Patients Thirty-eight UCLP patients with complete records. Among them, 14 were later treated with RHG (RHG group) and 24 were under review (non-RHG group) before definitive orthodontic or in conjunction with orthognathic surgery. Interventions Study models at T1 (aged 9.4 ± 0.4 years old), prebone grafting and before any orthodontic treatment started; T2 (aged 11.3 ± 0.6 years old), after bone grafting, and RHG treatment (RHG group) or under review (non-RHG group); and T3 (aged 15.3 ± 3.2 years old), pretreatment of definitive orthodontic or in conjunction with orthognathic surgery. Main Outcome Measures With satisfactory intra- and interexaminer agreement proven by the kappa value, the dental arch relationships of the study models at T1, T2, and T3 were assessed by a solo calibrated examiner using the GOSLON Yardstick. Results The median GOSLON score for southern Chinese patients with UCLP at T1 was 4.0. Sixty percent of the patients were categorized as "poor" at T1. RHG significantly improved dental arch relationships from T1 to T2, and the improvement was maintained until T3 assessed by the GOSLON Yardstick. Conclusions The dental arch relationships in southern Chinese UCLP patients at 8 to 10 years old are unfavorable. RHG treatment shows positive effects in improving the dental arch relationships in UCLP patients, as assessed by the GOSLON Yardstick.
  20. Alam MK, Arshad AI
    Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2015 Sep;52(5):634.
    PMID: 25405544 DOI: 10.1597/14-258
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