Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 25 in total

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  1. Prasitsuebsai W, Kariminia A, Puthanakit T, Lumbiganon P, Hansudewechakul R, Siew Moy F, et al.
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2014 Jul;33(7):747-52.
    PMID: 24378942 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000000226
    There are limited data on opportunistic infections (OIs) and factors associated with their occurrence after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Asian children. The use of HAART in Asia started much later than in developed countries and therefore reported findings may not be fully applicable to the pediatric HIV epidemic in Asia.
  2. Osowicki J, Wang S, McKenzie C, Marshall C, Gard J, Ke Juin W, et al.
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2016 Jan;35(1):108-10.
    PMID: 26398869 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000000932
    We present the case of a male infant with congenital tuberculosis in a nonendemic setting complicated by hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, who was treated successfully with antituberculous therapy and corticosteroids. We review the pediatric literature concerning the unusual association of these 2 rare conditions.
  3. Ong LT, Fan SWD
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2024 Feb 21.
    PMID: 38380928 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000004297
    BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes intrauterine infections in 0.67% of neonates, with 12.7% displaying symptoms at birth. CMV can lead to severe multiorgan involvement, and mortality in symptomatic cases is around 30%. Pulmonary complications are rare in infants with CMV. This review assesses pulmonary complications and outcomes in infants with CMV infection.

    METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, SCOPUS and Ovid SP to retrieve case reports on pulmonary complications in infants with congenital or perinatal CMV infection. Descriptive analysis and pooled analysis were conducted for the case reports.

    RESULTS: A total of 28 articles with 38 patients were included in this systematic review. The reported pulmonary complications in the case reports were CMV pneumonitis (34.2%), persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (18.4%), emphysema and chronic lung disease (15.8%), diaphragmatic dysfunction (13.2%), lung cysts and calcifications (10.5%), Pneumocystis jirovecii infection (7.9%), pulmonary hypoplasia (5.3%) and bronchial atresia (2.6%). Seven (18.4%) of 38 patients passed away because of the pulmonary complications of CMV infection. Congenital transmission (P = 0.0108), maternal CMV (P = 0.0396) and presence of neonatal comorbidities (P = 0.0398) were independent risk factors for mortality.

    CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review demonstrated infrequent occurrence of severe pulmonary involvement in CMV infection but should be considered in infants with persistent or severe respiratory symptoms.

  4. Buonsenso D, Roland D, De Rose C, Vásquez-Hoyos P, Ramly B, Chakakala-Chaziya JN, et al.
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2021 Apr 01;40(4):e146-e150.
    PMID: 33464019 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003052
  5. Ho JJ
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2001 Jun;20(6):557-60.
    PMID: 11419494
    The purpose of this study was to examine the rate and mortality from late onset infection occurring in very low birth weight infants admitted to Malaysian nurseries.
  6. Loganathan T, Ng CW, Lee WS, Jit M
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2016 06;35(6):601-6.
    PMID: 27008464 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000001129
    BACKGROUND: Rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) results in substantial mortality and morbidity worldwide. However, an accurate estimation of the health and economic burden of RVGE in Malaysia covering public, private and home treatment is lacking.

    METHODS: Data from multiple sources were used to estimate diarrheal mortality and morbidity according to health service utilization. The proportion of this burden attributable to rotavirus was estimated from a community-based study and a meta-analysis we conducted of primary hospital-based studies. Rotavirus incidence was determined by multiplying acute gastroenteritis incidence with estimates of the proportion of gastroenteritis attributable to rotavirus. The economic burden of rotavirus disease was estimated from the health systems and societal perspective.

    RESULTS: Annually, rotavirus results in 27 deaths, 31,000 hospitalizations, 41,000 outpatient visits and 145,000 episodes of home-treated gastroenteritis in Malaysia. We estimate an annual rotavirus incidence of 1 death per 100,000 children and 12 hospitalizations, 16 outpatient clinic visits and 57 home-treated episodes per 1000 children under-5 years. Annually, RVGE is estimated to cost US$ 34 million to the healthcare provider and US$ 50 million to society. Productivity loss contributes almost a third of costs to society. Publicly, privately and home-treated episodes consist of 52%, 27% and 21%, respectively, of the total societal costs.

    CONCLUSIONS: RVGE represents a considerable health and economic burden in Malaysia. Much of the burden lies in privately or home-treated episodes and is poorly captured in previous studies. This study provides vital information for future evaluation of cost-effectiveness, which are necessary for policy-making regarding universal vaccination.

  7. Wang S, Xu W, Li LF
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2017 Sep;36(9):912-914.
    PMID: 28338526 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000001593
    Cutaneous larva migrans is a frequent dermatologic problem among travelers in tropical areas, but its association with Löffler's syndrome is an extremely rare condition, particularly in children. Here, we describe a 6-year-old boy presenting cutaneous larva migrans associated with Löffler's syndrome.
  8. Hassan J, Toh TH, Sivapunniam SK, Hasim R, Ghazali NF, Sulaiman S, et al.
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2021 08 01;40(8):774-781.
    PMID: 34250977 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003164
    BACKGROUND: Incorporating dengue vaccination within existing vaccination programs could help improve dengue vaccine coverage. We assessed the immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine administered concomitantly or sequentially with a tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) in healthy children 9-13 years of age in Malaysia.

    METHODS: In this phase IIIb, open-label, multicenter study (NCT02993757), participants were randomized 1:1 to receive 3 CYD-TDV doses 6 months apart and 2 doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine concomitantly with, or 1 month before (sequentially), the first 2 CYD-TDV doses. Only baseline dengue-seropositive participants received the 3 doses. Antibody levels were measured at baseline and 28 days after each injection using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for HPV-6, -9, -16 and -18, and the 50% plaque reduction neutralization test for the 4 dengue serotypes; immunogenicity results are presented for baseline dengue-seropositive participants. Safety was assessed throughout the study for all participants.

    RESULTS: At baseline, 197 of 528 (37.3%) randomized participants were dengue-seropositive [n = 109 (concomitant group) and n = 88 (sequential group)]. After the last HPV vaccine dose, antibody titers for HPV among baseline dengue-seropositive participants were similar between treatment groups, with between-group titer ratios close to 1 for HPV-6 and 0.8 for HPV-11, -16, and -18. After CYD-TDV dose 3, dengue antibody titers were similar between treatment groups for all serotypes [between-group ratios ranged from 0.783 (serotype 2) to 1.07 (serotype 4)]. No safety concerns were identified.

    CONCLUSIONS: The immunogenicity and safety profiles of CYD-TDV and quadrivalent HPV vaccines were unaffected when administered concomitantly or sequentially in dengue-seropositive children.

  9. Hussain IH, Sofiah A, Ong LC, Choo KE, Musa MN, Teh KH, et al.
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 1998 Sep;17(9 Suppl):S189-90.
    PMID: 9781759
    To determine the pattern of postneonatal childhood meningitis in Malaysia.
  10. Othman N, Ismail IH, Yip R, Zainuddin Z, Kasim SM, Isa R, et al.
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2007 Oct;26(10):960-1.
    PMID: 17901807 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181257234
    Two tsunami survivors from Banda Acheh, Sumatra, presented with pyrexia of unknown origin and a nonresolving left-sided empyema, respectively. Both children had mixed infections of tuberculosis and melioidosis; Salmonella typhi was also present in the second patient. Mixed infections are common late sequela complications in post-tsunami victims.
  11. Fong CY, Hlaing CS, Tay CG, Ong LC
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2014 Oct;33(10):1092-4.
    PMID: 24776518 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000000382
    Parkinsonism as a neurologic manifestation of dengue infection is rare with only 1 reported case in an adult patient. We report a case of a 6-year-old child with self-limiting post-dengue encephalopathy and Parkinsonism. This is the first reported pediatric case of post-dengue Parkinsonism and expands the neurologic manifestations associated with dengue infection in children. Clinicians should consider the possibility of post-dengue Parkinsonism in children with a history of pyrexia from endemic areas of dengue.
  12. Fong CY, Aye AM, Peyman M, Nor NK, Visvaraja S, Tajunisah I, et al.
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2014 Apr;33(4):424-6.
    PMID: 24378951 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000000137
    We report a case of neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 central nervous system disease with bilateral acute retinal necrosis (ARN). An infant was presented at 17 days of age with focal seizures. Cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction was positive for HSV-1 and brain magnetic resonance imaging showed cerebritis. While receiving intravenous acyclovir therapy, the infant developed ARN with vitreous fluid polymerase chain reaction positive for HSV-1 necessitating intravitreal foscarnet therapy. This is the first reported neonatal ARN secondary to HSV-1 and the first ARN case presenting without external ocular or cutaneous signs. Our report highlights that infants with neonatal HSV central nervous system disease should undergo a thorough ophthalmological evaluation to facilitate prompt diagnosis and immediate treatment of this rapidly progressive sight-threatening disease.
  13. Hojsak I, Avitzur Y, Mor E, Shamir R, Haimi-Cohen Y, Zakay-Rones Z, et al.
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2011 Jun;30(6):491-4.
    PMID: 21248658 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0b013e31820b7c22
    Data on the immunogenicity of the influenza vaccine in children after liver transplantation are sparse. Our study aims to evaluate the response of such patients to the trivalent influenza vaccine, administered by different protocols in 2 influenza seasons.
  14. Al-Herz W, Husain EH, Adeli M, Al Farsi T, Al-Hammadi S, Al Kuwaiti AA, et al.
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2022 11 01;41(11):933-937.
    PMID: 36102730 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003678
    AIMS: To present the details of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccine associated complications (VACs) in combined immunodeficiencies (CID) patients.

    METHODS: Five centers participated in this retrospective study and completed a data form, which included general patients' information, clinical and laboratory data.

    RESULTS: Among 236 CID patients, 127 were BCG vaccinated. 41.9% of patients with family history of CID and 17.1% who were diagnosed by screening were BCG vaccinated. Twenty-three patients (18.1%) developed BCG-VACs. The median age of VACs was 6 months and the median time from vaccination to complications was 6 months. The highest rate of BCG-VACs was recorded in patients receiving the Russian BCG strain compared to the Tokyo and Danish strains. Univariate analysis of T-lymphocyte subsets showed increased odds of BCG complications in patients with CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ counts of ≤250 cells/µL. Only CD8 + count ≤250 cells/µL had increased such odds on multivariate analysis. VACs were disseminated in 13 and localized in 10 patients. Localized complication occurred earlier after vaccination (median: 4 months) compared with disseminated ones (median: 7 months). There were no significant associations between sex, administered vaccine strain, serum immunoglobulins levels, lymphocyte subsets counts, and the chance of having either localized or disseminated BCG-related complications.

    COCLUSIONS: Although contraindicated, many patients with CID continue to be vaccinated with BCG. Low CD8 + count is a risk factor for BCG-related complications and localized complications occurred earlier than disseminated ones. Considerations should be undertaken by health care authorities especially in countries with high incidence of CID to implement newborn screening, delay the time of BCG vaccine administration beyond 6 months of age and to use the relatively safer strains like the Danish and Tokyo ones.

  15. Boettiger DC, Aurpibul L, Hudaya DM, Fong SM, Lumbiganon P, Saphonn V, et al.
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2016 May;35(5):e144-51.
    PMID: 26835972 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000001074
    BACKGROUND: Information on antiretroviral therapy (ART) use in HIV-infected children with severe malnutrition (SM) is lacking. We investigated long-term ART outcomes in this population.

    METHODS: Children enrolled in the TREAT Asia Pediatric HIV Observational Database who had SM (weight-for-height or body mass index-for-age Z score less than -3) at ART initiation were analyzed. Generalized estimating equations were used to investigate poor weight recovery (weight-for-age Z score less than -3) and poor CD4% recovery (CD4% <25), and competing risk regression was used to analyze mortality and toxicity-associated treatment modification.

    RESULTS: Three hundred fifty-five (11.9%) of 2993 children starting ART had SM. Their median weight-for-age Z score increased from -5.6 at ART initiation to -2.3 after 36 months. Not using trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis at baseline was associated with poor weight recovery [odds ratio: 2.49 vs. using; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.66-3.74; P < 0.001]. Median CD4% increased from 3.0 at ART initiation to 27.2 after 36 months, and 56 (15.3%) children died during follow-up. More profound SM was associated with poor CD4% recovery (odds ratio: 1.78 for Z score less than -4.5 vs. -3.5 to less than -3.0; 95% CI: 1.08-2.92; P = 0.023) and mortality (hazard ratio: 2.57 for Z score less than -4.5 vs. -3.5 to less than -3.0; 95% CI: 1.24-5.33; P = 0.011). Twenty-two toxicity-associated ART modifications occurred at a rate of 2.4 per 100 patient-years, and rates did not differ by malnutrition severity.

    CONCLUSION: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis is important for the recovery of weight-for-age in severely malnourished children starting ART. The extent of SM does not impede weight-for-age recovery or antiretroviral tolerability, but CD4% response is compromised in children with a very low weight-for-height/body mass index-for-age Z score, which may contribute to their high rate of mortality.

  16. Bunupuradah T, Kariminia A, Aurpibul L, Chokephaibulkit K, Hansudewechakul R, Lumbiganon P, et al.
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2016 Feb;35(2):201-4.
    PMID: 26484429 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000000961
    We analyzed final height of 273 perinatally HIV-infected Asian adolescents older than 18 years at their last clinic visit. By the World Health Organization child growth reference, 30% were stunted, but by the Thai child growth reference, 19% were stunted. Half of those who were stunted at antiretroviral therapy initiation remained stunted over time. Being male and having a low baseline height-for-age Z score of less than -1.0 were associated with low final height Z score.
  17. Aurpibul L, Bunupuradah T, Sophan S, Boettiger D, Wati DK, Nguyen LV, et al.
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2015 Jun;34(6):e153-8.
    PMID: 25970117 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000000693
    We determined the prevalence and incidence of liver dysfunction before and after initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in the TREAT Asia Pediatric HIV Observational Database.
  18. Chokephaibulkit K, Kariminia A, Oberdorfer P, Nallusamy R, Bunupuradah T, Hansudewechakul R, et al.
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2014 Mar;33(3):291-4.
    PMID: 23942457 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0b013e3182a18223
    More perinatally HIV-infected children in Asia are reaching adolescence.
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