Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 91 in total

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  1. Abdinasir Yusuf Osman, Faez Firdaus Jesse, Arifah Abdul Kadir, Abdul Aziz Saharee
    MyJurnal
    Brucella melitensis is one of the major zoonotic pathogens worldwide with enormous
    economic losses as well as considerable human morbidity in endemic areas. The global burden of its
    incidence in both human and animal populations remains significantly at an alarming rate. The impact
    of the disease is even multidimensional in nature and not always well understood and significantly
    complicating effective policy response. The pathogenesis is complex and governed by several factors
    working together in synergistic manner. The evolutionarily developed diverse evasion strategy to avoid
    the host’s innate and adaptive immunity is further worsening the situation. Until recently,
    lipopolysaccharide (LPS) remains the major virulent factor of B. melitensis and responsible for the
    mechanism by which the pathogen causes its deleterious effects. Mechanisms presiding to the
    colonization of the pregnant uterus in different animal species are still largely unknown. Information
    related to the epidemiology and immunopathophysiology is still scarce in the database and control
    programs are rarely implemented. Therapy is based on wide spectrum antibiotics with mysterious
    outcome. The pre-existing vaccines appear not promising. Thus, understating the biological behaviour
    of the disease becomes a fundamental issue. In this review, we highlight various key aspects of the
    disease with special reference to the epidemiology and the immunopathophysiology of the disease in
    sheep goat populations.
  2. Alomari. Nashwan K., Badronnisa Yusuf, Thamer Ahmed Mohammed Ali, Abdul Halim Ghazali
    MyJurnal
    Branching channel flow refers to any side water withdrawals from rivers or main channels.
    Branching channels have wide application in many practical projects, such as irrigation and drainage
    network systems, water and waste water treatment plants, and many water resources projects. In the
    last decades, extensive theoretical and experimental investigations of the branching open channels
    have been carried out to understand the characteristics of this branching flow, varying from case
    studies to theoretical and experimental investigations. The objectives of this paper are to review and
    summarise the relevant literatures regarding branching channel flow. These literatures were reviewed
    based on flow characteristics, physical characteristics, and modeling of the branching flow.
    Investigations of the flow into branching channel show that the branching discharge depends on many
    interlinked parameters. It increases with the decreasing of the main channel flow velocity and Froude
    number at the upstream of the branch channel junction. Also it increases with the increasing of the
    branch channel bed slope. In subcritical flow, water depth in the branch channel is always lower than
    the main channel water depth. The flow diversion to the branch channel leads to an increase of water
    depth at the downstream of the main channel. From the review, it is important to highlight that most
    of the study concentrated on flow characteristics in a right angle branch channel with a rigid boundary.
    Investigations on different branching angles with movable bed have still to be explored.
  3. Looi, Qi Hao, Abdul Rahman Omar
    MyJurnal
    Swiftlet
    s
    are small insectivorous birds which breed throughout Southeast Asia and
    the South Pacific.
    Among many swiftle
    t species, only a few are notable to produce edible bird’s
    nest
    s
    (EBN) from the secreted saliva during breeding seasons.
    The taxonomy of swiftlet
    s
    remains one of the most controversial in the avian species due to the high similarity in
    morphological charac
    teristics among the species. Over the last few decades, researchers have
    studied the taxonomy of swiftlet
    s
    based on the morphological
    trade
    , behavior, and genetic
    traits
    .
    However, despite all the efforts,
    the
    swiftlet taxonomy remains unsolved.
    The
    EBN is one of
    the
    most expensive animal products
    and frequently being referred
    to
    as the “
    Caviar of the East
    ”.
    The
    EBN market value varies from
    US
    $1000.00 to
    US
    $10,000.00 per kilogram depend
    ing
    on
    its grade, shape, type and origin.
    Hence, bird’s nest harve
    sting is considered a lucrative industry
    in many countries in Southeast Asia.
    However,
    the
    industry faced several challenges over the
    decades such as the authenticity of the EBN, the quality assurance and the depletion of swiftlet
    population. Furthermore,
    there is limited scientific evidence regarding EBN’s medical benefits
    as
    claimed by manufacturers. This paper reviews the taxonomy of swiftlet
    s
    , its morphological
    characteristics, the challenges currently encountered by the industry, and finally the
    compos
    ition and medical benefits of EBN.
  4. Kazaure, Mansur Ahmed, Abdul Rashid abdullah
    MyJurnal
    Small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) act as a promoter of economic development of the developed and under developed nations. Developing countries like Nigeria that, require sustainable economic growth and development must pay attention to the SMEs sectors in order to reduce unemployment, poverty and improve the standard leaving of its society. Unfortunately, in Nigeria, SMEs have underperformed despite that, 90% of the Nigerian businesses are small scales but their contribution to the Nigerian GDP is below 10%. The main reason for this low contribution of SMEs to Nigerian GDP could be attribute to poor funding, lack of management expertise and lack of access to modern technology among others, with proper finance the SMEs can acquire modern technology and employed qualified staff. Thus, this paper focuses on crowdfunding as financial option for Nigerian SMEs. However, the paper is a conceptual framework.
  5. Bukar Ali, Bularafa, Abdul Rashid, Abdullah
    MyJurnal
    Unemployment and poverty are seriously issue of concern globally, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. Unemployment and poverty among university graduates in Nigeria, the trends on rising every year, major corporations are cutting down jobs and graduates who were interested to work can’t seem to find a job. However, entrepreneurship and business formation have been recognised around the World as a remedy for unemployment and pivotal for economies to grow. Therefore, promotion of entrepreneurial activity becomes the most top priority on the government agenda. Despite the unique role played by entrepreneurship to the economy as a whole and to the person that established business, in Nigeria, the rate of university graduates in entrepreneurship is far below expected. This led to many research efforts on factors that are having an effect on student’s entrepreneurial intentions. This review paper proposed the intention to be an entrepreneur can be explained by Ajzen, (1991) theory of planned behaviour, institutional, and core self-evaluation theories. Psychological (self-efficacy, risk-taking propensity, locus of control, innovativeness, need for achievement) and institutional (university environment, government support programmes) factors will have an effect on attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control. Consequently, the study predicted the entrepreneurial intentions of the Nigerian university students.
  6. Nur Maisarah Ahmad Jailani, Abdul Razak Mariatulqabtiah
    MyJurnal
    Stingless bee is a diverse group of highly eusocial bees (meliponines) comprising the Meliponini subfamily of the Apidae family. Throughout the tropics, various kinds of stingless bee have been reared by beekeepers for their products (honey, propolis and bee bread) and pollination services for fruits and vegetables. This meliponiculture in logs or hives is considered safe due to the bee’s inability to sting, with the latter being more preferable for monitoring and managing the colonies and harvesting the products. The source of stingless bee colonies is depending on efficient hunting of feral colonies, which might affect the ecosystem. Following to the growing trend of bee rearing in Malaysia, mainly due to the smart branding strategy of the government through research institutes and universities, e.g. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu and Universiti Sains Malaysia, it is crucial to increase the number of honey-producing hives by colony splitting. The basis of colony splitting includes provision oviposition (POP), swarming and antennation. Colony splitting is necessary due to deforestation, to expand income generation and for entomological study purposes. A more advanced approach in colony splitting is to prepare and rear the virgin queen bee in vitro, resulting in more queens per one single colony. With the advancement in stingless bee rearing techniques, people may apply the colony splitting strategy to maximise stingless bee products and enhance crop production.
  7. Faid Rahman, Ahmad Ismail
    MyJurnal
    Waterbirds serve as an important bio-indicator of ecosystem changes and have been used widely throughout the world. This is because they exhibit conspicuous and meaningful responses to the changes of the environment around them. Other qualities that make them a good bio-indicator are also highlighted. Thus, important information on their biology and ecology are essential to make informed decisions. This is crucial in order to better conserve them and their habitats. Currently they are facing new challenges that arise from continuous development throughout the world. In addition, many endangered species continue to declines and could be extinct if they are not protected and conserved. The development of artificial habitat such as wetlands to compensate natural habitat loss could be an alternative. However, detailed information on the waterbirds and their interactions with the new environment are needed in order to do so. It is further highlighted that few researches have been conducted and focused on the waterbirds particularly in Malaysia. Thus, we encourage more local young scientists to take up this challenge and equip themselves with the right knowledge and necessary skills as well as to remain relevant with the international research standards. Proper planning, funding and focus should also be considered by the government and local authorities to maximize the impact of the country’s conservation effort.
  8. Ahmad Mustapha, Gandaseca, Seca, Ahmad Hanafi, Siti Nurhidayu, Mohammad Roslan, Khan, Waseem, et al.
    MyJurnal
    The objectives of this review are to determine the types of indices to use, to assess the current sediment quality index (SQI) of a mangrove forest and to select the appropriate index to describe the mangrove sediment quality index. Amongst the many indices considered in this review are the enrichment factors (EFs), the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), the pollution load index (PLI), the marine sediment pollution index (MSPI) and sediment quality index (SQI). The different indices give diverse perspectives of the status of mangrove sediment quality. This review also highlights the appropriate parameters that need to be used in assessing sediment quality, such as the physical, chemical and biological properties. As the comparison review, the sediment quality can be utilized for Mangrove quality index (MQI) development like to assess the heavy metal, complete laboratory parameters and a classification following the Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines ISQG, PCA and HACA. For the heavy metal content of sediment, the suggested parameters are Pb, Zn, Cu, Co and Mn. Lastly, for the indices, the enrichment factor (EFs), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI) and marine sediment pollution index (MPSI) are used in develop SQI on mangrove forest.
  9. Magaji G. Usman, Tijjani Ahmadu, Adamu Jibrin Nayaya, Aisha M. Dodo
    MyJurnal
    Naturally, plant habitats are exposed to several potential effects of biotic and different abiotic environmental challenges. Several types of micro-organisms namely; bacteria, viruses, fungi, nematodes, mites, insects, mammals and other herbivorous animals are found in large amounts in all ecosystems, which lead to considerable reduction in crop productivity. These organisms are agents carrying different diseases that can damage the plants through the secretion of toxic-microbial poisons that can penetrate in the plant tissues. Toxins are injurious substances that act on plant protoplast to influence disease development. In response to the stress effect, plants defend themselves by bearing some substances such as phytoalexins. Production of phytoalexins is one of the complex mechanisms through which plants exhibit disease resistance. Several findings specifically on phytoalexins have widen the understanding in the fields of plant biochemistry and molecular biology. However, this review reports the interaction of toxins and phytoalexins in plant-pathogen cycle, research progress on the association of phytoalexins with plant disease resistance as well as the role of the phytoalexins in plant disease control.
  10. Amanina Amani Kamarul Zaman, Rosnah Shamsuddin, Noranizan Mohd Adzahan, Alifdalino Sulaiman
    MyJurnal
    This intended paper was done to give an early overview of the expected quality attributes of pineapple-mango juice blend treated with ultraviolet irradiation (UV-C) and thermal pasteurisation. Josapine pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) and Chokanan mango (Mangifera indica L.) is the popular tropical fruits in Malaysia with unique taste and constant availability. The blend of pineapple-mango juice predicted to have good overall quality attributes as proved by prior studies on orange-pineapple, lemon-melon, pineapple-carrot-orange and carrot-apple-banana juice blends. Conventional thermal pasteurisation widely implemented in juice industry but resulted in massive quality degradation. Thus, research on the non-thermal technology of UV-C widely studied to overcome such drawbacks of thermal pasteurisation. Effect of UV-C and thermal pasteurisation on pineapple-mango juice blend will be evaluated in terms of physicochemical (pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, turbidity and colour), antioxidant (ascorbic acid, total phenolics content and total antioxidant DPPH assay) and microbiological properties. UV-C treated pineapple-mango juice blend believed to have better retention of heat sensitive ascorbic acid and other quality compared heat pasteurised juice with minimal distinctive characteristic compared to fresh juice.
  11. Abdul Rashid, Abdullah, Ariful, Islam
    MyJurnal
    Readymade garments (RMG) industry of Bangladesh are lesser revealed to sustainable outlines that originating avoidance related with standard health and safety provisions, labor rights, women safety, child labor, pollution, waste disposal and ground water depletion. Recently there are also several safety hazards by way of fire incidents and building collapses which caused death and injury of thousand or garment workers at Bangladesh. Actually a suitable sustainable development scheme for this industry includes the insights of proper employee involvement based upon what is known (knowledge) and done (behavior). So the study aims to investigate the relationship between knowledge and behavior which reflects the complication between what is in fact known and what is done in case of sustainable issues. The study has used both questionnaire survey and interview procedures on 10 BGMEA registered factories of Chittagong to recognize the connection between knowledge and behavior. The target populace of the study has been limited only to the white collar employees. However, the study identified that employee knowledge and behavior of sustainable development contains a moderate, positive relationship (r=.315, n=150, p
  12. Ahmed, Riyadh Ibraheem, Djojodihardjo, Harijono, Abd. Rahim Abu Talib, Azmin Mohd Rafie
    MyJurnal
    Coandă effect can be found in virtually all aerodynamic applications, and has drawn renewed interest for various applications, among others for generating lift and maneuvering impulses to be applied for unmanned air vehicles (UAV) and micro air vehicles (MAV). These air vehicles have the potential to revolutionize our sensing and information gathering capabilities, in homeland security and environmental areas. Sophisticated unmanned air vehicles for general applications have been developed rapidly across many different industries and interested researchers. In order to carry out a task, these air vehicles have to face many different challenges, due to the MAVs small size, flight regime, and modes of operation. This has led to the development of novel platforms that move away from traditional aircraft design in order to make them more capable. A good example is the Coandă MAV which uses the Active flow control–Coandă Effect. Improved aerodynamic performance of these air vehicles can lead to fast take off and slower landing speeds that can be related to reduce noise and crash survivability issues. The investigation and research in this field is rapidly rising and there are many concepts currently being considered around the world. This report provides an overview on the state of unmanned air vehicle and introduces the techniques of Active Flow Control ACF that could be potentially used for control of UAV. Furthermore, this paper may also focuses on the review research involved with the design modification and the generated flow phenomena of Micro air vehicle MAV.
  13. Noor Atiqah Aizan Abd Kadir, Azrina Azlan
    MyJurnal
    Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of disability and premature death throughout the world. This disease is commonly experienced by people with unhealthy lifestyle, stress and physical inactivity. Cholesterol has received the most attention as single risk factor of CVD. Reducing the intake of cholesterol, saturated fat, and trans faty acids may be beneficial, yet controversy is still lingering to what constituents more beneficial dietary fats. The purpose of this article is to give an overview on the impact of major dietary fatty acids on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and to give an insightful information regarding fatty acids composition in selected fruits oils in search for novel oils as potential therapy against CVD.
  14. Tan, Chin Xuan, Azrina Azlan
    MyJurnal
    Canarium odontophyllum Miq. fruit, popularly recognized as dabai fruit in Sarawak, is a
    seasonal fruit found in the tropical rainforest of East Malaysia. A dabai fruit can be divided into
    several anatomical parts, and different parts of the fruit have different valuable phytochemicals. Due
    to the lack of promotion, dabai fruit is viewed as nutritionally inferior fruit by the public. On the
    contrary, the fruit is rich in nutrients such as protein, fat, carbohydrates, sodium, calcium and iron.
    Many phytochemicals have been detected from different parts of dabai fruit, and these molecules have
    been linked to beneficial properties such as hypolipidemic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-cholinesterase,
    antimicrobial and potentially anti-diabetic. The aim of this article is to review research studies on this
    fruit in order to provide adequate baseline information for commercial exploitation as well as for
    future studies.
  15. Dele-Afolabi, Temitope T., Azmah M.A. Hanim, Norkhairunnisa Mazlan, Shafreeza Sobri, Calin, Recep
    MyJurnal
    Porous ceramic components with decently controlled porosity offers remarkable advantages in industrial and structural applications such as fluid filtration, thermal insulation and scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. In this review study of porous ceramic components, requisite processing techniques necessary for the development of porous ceramics with imbued microstructural model intended for a specific application. An appraisal of the fabrication was made with respect to their economic viability wherein cost effective methods having great potentials in decently controlling the pore network imbued within the host ceramic matrix was preferred over the capital intensive counterparts.
  16. Muhammad Nasiruddin Aziz, Chai, Moo-Hung
    MyJurnal
    This study assessed the feasibility of a syntactic analysis of newspaper editorials and to test out Morenberg’s (2010) syntactic theory. The purposes of this study hence, were to develop appropriate research questions and to determine whether Morenberg’s (2010) theory could be employed for the syntactic analysis of editorials. By adopting this theory, one editorial from The Star (2018), Malaysia and two editorials from The Sun (2018a, 2018b), UK were analysed, with the intention of investigating the concept of syntax to highlight the styles and constructions in professional writing. Sentences obtained from these three editorials were broken down via tree diagramming to answer the first research question - what are the syntactic patterns used in editorials in newspapers? The tree diagrams of all sentences were then examined to answer the second research question - are there syntactic differences in editorials? The study found the basic patterns of the sentences of all editorials used mostly transitive verbs, with the inclusion of many VBE verbs and very few intransitive and two-place transitive Vc verbs. Optional elements in the syntactic patterns, however, varied according to their different orders in sentence builds. Tree diagramming of the sentences revealed few noticeable differences in terms of sentence mood, structural parallelism, employment of wh-clause as well as subject ellipsis.
  17. Nurul Asma Samsudin, Zulkarnain Zainal, Lim, Hong-Ngee, Yusran Sulaiman, Chang, Sook-Keng
    MyJurnal
    Titania nanotube is gaining tremendous interest for its unique features including high
    surface area, ion-exchange ability, photocatalytic potential and prominent electrical properties. Many
    attempts were made to manipulate the unique properties of titania nanotubes for supercapacitor
    application. In this review a comprehensive list of literatures on fabrication of titania nanotubes via
    anodisation method in fluoride-based electrolytes and its application as supercapacitor are discussed.
    This review shows that the nanotube morphology can be optimized by varying the anodisation
    parameter such as electrolyte concentration, pH, voltage, and bath temperature. The review also
    includes studies on the application of titania nanotubes as supercapacitor on improving the specific
    capacitance value by doping with metal oxides and conducting polymers.
  18. Tee, Kelly Pei Leng, Cheah, Joyce Kim Sim
    MyJurnal
    – Feedback is one of the most influential tools in the learning of writing. However, there are
    divided views on its impact on ESL writing. This article reviews past studies to explore the various
    types of written feedback and its effectiveness. Firstly, it discusses the feedback role in ESL students’
    writing, followed by the types of feedback. Furthermore, it highlights the type of feedback which is
    useful and effective in the writing process. Next, it presents the different views on the effectiveness of
    feedback in ESL writing due to the type of feedback and the way it is given. Lastly, it concludes that
    feedback acts as a scaffold by providing a meaningful and impactful learning to students.
  19. Dariush Saberi
    MyJurnal
    It is claimed by the media that the expansion of Instant Messaging (IM) in recent years affected the quality of formal writing and there are intrusions into such writings (Grace, Kemp, Martin, & Parrila, 2015). The current study examined six articles published in scientific journals in 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2015 on textism (e.g. gr8 for “great”) to see if there have been any changes in the results of the studies on the quality of writing under the influence of textism in native and non- native groups during the last 6 years. The population in all three studies has been young adults between 18 to 29 years old, male and female. The studies are done through writing tests in academic institutions and schools. Synchronization of the findings over time is important as it can show that if, with the expansion of social media and increasing number of messaging applications, there has been any significant increase in the textism intrusion or not. The content analysis and statistical comparison are used as the methods to compare the studies’ results and to form an armchair study to validate the effects of the textism on formal writing. Based on the chronological and synthesized results, it was found ultimately that in the native group there is not any significant difference between the results over the synchronized time and the media claims are not true, while the non-native learners of English have shown negative intrusions.
  20. Khawarizmi Mohd Aziz, Ding, Phebe
    MyJurnal
    The demand of fruits and vegetables across the world had increased throughout the years which urge the need to have better and proper way to increase produce safety, quality and postharvest life. Traditionally pesticides or other chemicals had been used to encounter microbes related to postharvest diseases. Over time, consumers are concern towards health effect of consuming those produce treated with chemicals. Ozone is one of the approach that provide both of the needs to deal with pathogenic microbes and also give no harmful residue throughout the process. Several reports had proven that ozone can almost kill or inhibit all pathogenic microbes on treated commodity which promote higher quality and postharvest life during storage. This review focus and summarise the use of ozone in the form of aqueous and gaseous towards fresh produces, its benefits and also the precaution during ozone application.
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