Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 91 in total

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  1. Abdinasir Yusuf Osman, Faez Firdaus Jesse, Arifah Abdul Kadir, Abdul Aziz Saharee
    MyJurnal
    Brucella melitensis is one of the major zoonotic pathogens worldwide with enormous
    economic losses as well as considerable human morbidity in endemic areas. The global burden of its
    incidence in both human and animal populations remains significantly at an alarming rate. The impact
    of the disease is even multidimensional in nature and not always well understood and significantly
    complicating effective policy response. The pathogenesis is complex and governed by several factors
    working together in synergistic manner. The evolutionarily developed diverse evasion strategy to avoid
    the host’s innate and adaptive immunity is further worsening the situation. Until recently,
    lipopolysaccharide (LPS) remains the major virulent factor of B. melitensis and responsible for the
    mechanism by which the pathogen causes its deleterious effects. Mechanisms presiding to the
    colonization of the pregnant uterus in different animal species are still largely unknown. Information
    related to the epidemiology and immunopathophysiology is still scarce in the database and control
    programs are rarely implemented. Therapy is based on wide spectrum antibiotics with mysterious
    outcome. The pre-existing vaccines appear not promising. Thus, understating the biological behaviour
    of the disease becomes a fundamental issue. In this review, we highlight various key aspects of the
    disease with special reference to the epidemiology and the immunopathophysiology of the disease in
    sheep goat populations.
  2. Abdul Rashid, Abdullah, Ariful, Islam
    MyJurnal
    Readymade garments (RMG) industry of Bangladesh are lesser revealed to sustainable outlines that originating avoidance related with standard health and safety provisions, labor rights, women safety, child labor, pollution, waste disposal and ground water depletion. Recently there are also several safety hazards by way of fire incidents and building collapses which caused death and injury of thousand or garment workers at Bangladesh. Actually a suitable sustainable development scheme for this industry includes the insights of proper employee involvement based upon what is known (knowledge) and done (behavior). So the study aims to investigate the relationship between knowledge and behavior which reflects the complication between what is in fact known and what is done in case of sustainable issues. The study has used both questionnaire survey and interview procedures on 10 BGMEA registered factories of Chittagong to recognize the connection between knowledge and behavior. The target populace of the study has been limited only to the white collar employees. However, the study identified that employee knowledge and behavior of sustainable development contains a moderate, positive relationship (r=.315, n=150, p
  3. Aburas, Maher Milad, Sabrina Ho Abdullah, Mohammad Firuz Ramli, Zulfa Hanan Ash'aari
    MyJurnal
    Remote sensing and geographic information system techniques are significant and popular approaches that have been used in recent years to measure and map urban growth patterns. This paper primarily aims to provide a basis for a literature review of urban growth measurement and mapping by using different methods. For this purpose, the general characteristics of measuring and mapping urban growth patterns are described and classified. The strengths and weaknesses of the various methods have been identified from an analysis and discussion of the characteristics of the techniques. Results of reviews confirm that combining quantitative and qualitative techniques, such as Shannon approach and change detection, to measure and map urban growth patterns will improve understanding of the phenomenon of urban growth. Moreover, using social and economic data such as population and income data will improve understanding of the relationships between causes and effects. The integration of social and economic factors with quantitative and qualitative techniques will contribute to a perfect evaluation of urban growth patterns and land use changes, taking technical, social, economic, spatial, and temporal factors into account.
  4. Ahmad Mustapha, Gandaseca, Seca, Ahmad Hanafi, Siti Nurhidayu, Mohammad Roslan, Khan, Waseem, et al.
    MyJurnal
    The objectives of this review are to determine the types of indices to use, to assess the current sediment quality index (SQI) of a mangrove forest and to select the appropriate index to describe the mangrove sediment quality index. Amongst the many indices considered in this review are the enrichment factors (EFs), the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), the pollution load index (PLI), the marine sediment pollution index (MSPI) and sediment quality index (SQI). The different indices give diverse perspectives of the status of mangrove sediment quality. This review also highlights the appropriate parameters that need to be used in assessing sediment quality, such as the physical, chemical and biological properties. As the comparison review, the sediment quality can be utilized for Mangrove quality index (MQI) development like to assess the heavy metal, complete laboratory parameters and a classification following the Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines ISQG, PCA and HACA. For the heavy metal content of sediment, the suggested parameters are Pb, Zn, Cu, Co and Mn. Lastly, for the indices, the enrichment factor (EFs), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI) and marine sediment pollution index (MPSI) are used in develop SQI on mangrove forest.
  5. Ahmed Tarajo Buba, Lee, Lai Soon
    MyJurnal
    The urban transit network design problem (UTNDP) involves the development of a transit route set and associated schedules for an urban public transit system. The design of efficient public transit systems is widely considered as a viable option for the economic, social, and physical structure of an urban setting. This paper reviews four well-known population-based metaheuristics that have been employed and deemed potentially viable for tackling the UTNDP. The aim is to give a thorough review of the algorithms and identify the gaps for future research directions.
  6. Ahmed, Riyadh Ibraheem, Djojodihardjo, Harijono, Abd. Rahim Abu Talib, Azmin Mohd Rafie
    MyJurnal
    Coandă effect can be found in virtually all aerodynamic applications, and has drawn renewed interest for various applications, among others for generating lift and maneuvering impulses to be applied for unmanned air vehicles (UAV) and micro air vehicles (MAV). These air vehicles have the potential to revolutionize our sensing and information gathering capabilities, in homeland security and environmental areas. Sophisticated unmanned air vehicles for general applications have been developed rapidly across many different industries and interested researchers. In order to carry out a task, these air vehicles have to face many different challenges, due to the MAVs small size, flight regime, and modes of operation. This has led to the development of novel platforms that move away from traditional aircraft design in order to make them more capable. A good example is the Coandă MAV which uses the Active flow control–Coandă Effect. Improved aerodynamic performance of these air vehicles can lead to fast take off and slower landing speeds that can be related to reduce noise and crash survivability issues. The investigation and research in this field is rapidly rising and there are many concepts currently being considered around the world. This report provides an overview on the state of unmanned air vehicle and introduces the techniques of Active Flow Control ACF that could be potentially used for control of UAV. Furthermore, this paper may also focuses on the review research involved with the design modification and the generated flow phenomena of Micro air vehicle MAV.
  7. Aimi Adzirul kamarubahrin, Asmaddy Haris, Siti Nurazira Mohd Daud, Zurina kefeli @ Zulkefli, Nursilah Ahmad, Nurul Aini Muhamed, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Awareness of recommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption has increased substantially over the last 20 years. In addition, fruits and vegetables such as pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) are good sources of many important nutrients, including potassium, vitamin C, folate, fibre, and numerous phytochemicals. Malaysia produces pumpkinits own, with considerably large areas of production comparable to its high global demand. However, in reality, there is a limitation in the commercial production as the local pumpkinis very much dependent on the market demand as the utilization has been limited to the consumption of fresh product. Thus, the objective of the study first initiative to provide the information about the pumpkinand second to investigatesthe opportunities on commercialized local pumpkinin Malaysia as by products despite various nutritious it is also listed as prophetic foods. The scientific research that covered a broad range of in vitro to in vivo studies on the by-products potentials of these fruits is also discussed in detail.The current review is an update for researchers to have a better understanding of the pumpkin, which simultaneously can provide awareness to enhance their commercial value and promote their utilization.Malaysia have potential to growth pumpkin instead of continuously importing. The daily consumption of pumpkins may provide various health benefits to human. Future investigation is needed to explore the potential of pumpkin as by products in order to increase its competitiveness and self-sufficiency.
  8. Ain Aqilah Basirun, Mohd Khalizan Sabullah, Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor, Nur Adeela Yasid, Nor Aripin Shamaan, Siti Aqlima Ahmad
    MyJurnal
    Recently, the contamination of heavy metals towards the environment especially in aquatic system has drastically increased. Heavy metals are able to transform into persistent metallic compound in which it can be accumulated within the organisms’ body system, disrupting the food chain and eventually threatened the human life. The occurrence of heavy metals spillage in the rivers and lakes are due to the careless disposal of excess heavy metals used for human activities. The accumulation of heavy metals in water system will affect all aquatic organisms especially fish. The toxicity of copper in fish can be determined by several changes in the fish under treatment with heavy metals sub-lethal concentration, LC50 within 96-hours period of acute exposure. Therefore, fish can be considered as a high potential biomarker for monitoring heavy metals pollution in aquatic system. Several selective organs are highly sensitive to the xenobiotic pollution and express changes to the exposure. One of the most potential biomarker is the biochemical biomarker of cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition by heavy metals in fish has been well studied in pollution monitoring recently. Thus, this paper gives an overview of the manipulation of fish as a biomarker of heavy metals through enzymatic reaction which have proven to be very useful in the environmental pollution monitoring.
  9. Ajadi, Abdullateef, Sabri, M.Y., Dauda, Akeem Babatunde, Ina-Salwany M.Y., Hasliza, A.H.
    MyJurnal
    Aquaculture, especially shrimp production is the world`s fastest growing food production
    industry, due to increased demands for seafood. Conceivably, disease outbreak is the major setback
    which brings about high mortality and reduction or loss of production. The conventional use of
    antibiotics both prophylactically and therapeutically had recently not only been ineffective but
    incriminated, in drug residue which poise danger to consumption by humans. Hence, a better
    alternative was importantly required. The use of Immunoprophylaxis has potential of being a safety
    measure in the prevention of outbreak of diseases or spread of already established disease in aquatic
    invertebrates, where the shrimps and prawns belong. Immunoprophylaxis includes the prevention of
    disease by production of passive immunity. The major infectious agents that are responsible for high
    morbidity and high mortality in shrimp industry are viruses and bacteria. Others include fungi,
    parasites and protozoans but less threatening than the two former. Among the referenced groups of
    bacteria in shrimp disease, gram negative bacteria are more virulent. Vibrio, a member of this gram
    negative groups has been implicated to be the most causative agent of bacterial infections in shrimps.
    This review examined the components of the cell membrane of these bacteria that have been reported
    to confer immunity on the host. They include outer membrane proteins, lipopolysaccharide and
    peptidoglycan. These components could elicit immune response and confer protection.
  10. Aktar-Uz-Zamana, Md., Tuhina-Khatun, Mst., Mohamed Hanafi Musa, Sahebi, Mahbod
    MyJurnal
    A resistant variety with high yielding potential is key for increasing crop production to
    fulfill the food requirement of the ever increasing world populations. Consequently, the aim of plant
    breeders is to develop high yielding varieties or cultivars that are resistant or tolerant to specific
    diseases or insects. For developing a resistant variety, it is enormously indispensable to incorporate or
    introgress the specific resistant genes of that particular disease into the recipient. Suppression
    subtractive hybridization (SSH) is a powerful technique for the identification of disease specific
    differentially expressed genes that are expressed in a resistant or susceptible variety. This paper
    presents a brief review on the SSH technique with examples focusing on the identification of the
    wheat disease specific differentially expressed genes and their defense mechanisms against fungal
    pathogens in global wheat cultivars. This review is helpful for wheat researchers for the updated
    information on the SSH technique for the identification of differentially expressed genes in the global
    wheat cultivars and varieties. Eventually, the identified genes could be used to develop the disease
    resistance variety through marker-assisted backcrossing programme or conventional breeding.
  11. Alomari. Nashwan K., Badronnisa Yusuf, Thamer Ahmed Mohammed Ali, Abdul Halim Ghazali
    MyJurnal
    Branching channel flow refers to any side water withdrawals from rivers or main channels.
    Branching channels have wide application in many practical projects, such as irrigation and drainage
    network systems, water and waste water treatment plants, and many water resources projects. In the
    last decades, extensive theoretical and experimental investigations of the branching open channels
    have been carried out to understand the characteristics of this branching flow, varying from case
    studies to theoretical and experimental investigations. The objectives of this paper are to review and
    summarise the relevant literatures regarding branching channel flow. These literatures were reviewed
    based on flow characteristics, physical characteristics, and modeling of the branching flow.
    Investigations of the flow into branching channel show that the branching discharge depends on many
    interlinked parameters. It increases with the decreasing of the main channel flow velocity and Froude
    number at the upstream of the branch channel junction. Also it increases with the increasing of the
    branch channel bed slope. In subcritical flow, water depth in the branch channel is always lower than
    the main channel water depth. The flow diversion to the branch channel leads to an increase of water
    depth at the downstream of the main channel. From the review, it is important to highlight that most
    of the study concentrated on flow characteristics in a right angle branch channel with a rigid boundary.
    Investigations on different branching angles with movable bed have still to be explored.
  12. Amanina Amani Kamarul Zaman, Rosnah Shamsuddin, Noranizan Mohd Adzahan, Alifdalino Sulaiman
    MyJurnal
    This intended paper was done to give an early overview of the expected quality attributes of pineapple-mango juice blend treated with ultraviolet irradiation (UV-C) and thermal pasteurisation. Josapine pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) and Chokanan mango (Mangifera indica L.) is the popular tropical fruits in Malaysia with unique taste and constant availability. The blend of pineapple-mango juice predicted to have good overall quality attributes as proved by prior studies on orange-pineapple, lemon-melon, pineapple-carrot-orange and carrot-apple-banana juice blends. Conventional thermal pasteurisation widely implemented in juice industry but resulted in massive quality degradation. Thus, research on the non-thermal technology of UV-C widely studied to overcome such drawbacks of thermal pasteurisation. Effect of UV-C and thermal pasteurisation on pineapple-mango juice blend will be evaluated in terms of physicochemical (pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, turbidity and colour), antioxidant (ascorbic acid, total phenolics content and total antioxidant DPPH assay) and microbiological properties. UV-C treated pineapple-mango juice blend believed to have better retention of heat sensitive ascorbic acid and other quality compared heat pasteurised juice with minimal distinctive characteristic compared to fresh juice.
  13. Amira Najiha Yahya, Nor Sheereen Zulkefly, Rozumah Baharudin
    MyJurnal
    Psychological health as one of the most crucial indicators of successful adolescents has received considerable attention in the literature. High prevalence rates of various psychological problems amongst adolescents emphasize the significance of identifying paternal parenting behaviour that may reduce the risk of these problems. However, little attention has been given to how fathers influence their adolescents’ psychological health, especially in an Asian context. To address this issue, this paper presents a thorough discussion of past literature related to paternal parenting behaviour and psychological health of adolescents. The discussion begins with a review related to psychological health, paternal parenting behaviour, and followed by the relationships between paternal parenting behaviour and psychological health. Based on the review of the literature, several research gaps will be addressed at the end of this paper.
  14. Amirah Haziyah Ishak, Nurul Husna Shafie, Norhaizan Mohd Esa, Hasnah Bahari
    MyJurnal
    Mikania micrantha Kunth (Asteraceae) is a perennial creeping vine that can be found in South and North America, Africa, Pacific Islands and Southeast Asia, including Southern China and Malaysia. Previous studies have reported that this plant possesses several pharmacological properties which can be used to prevent and cure several diseases. Phytochemicals found from various parts of M. micrantha have been linked to beneficial medicinal properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumour, anti-inflammatory, anti-stress, and also anti-diabetic activities. The primary aim of this paper is to review available scientific information on the nutritional, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of M. micrantha to provide baseline information for future studies.
  15. Anokye, Rogerson, Edi Suhaimi Bakar, Ratnansingam, Jegatheswaran, Khairul Awang
    MyJurnal
    The utilization of bamboo as a manufacturing material is becoming globally attractive in
    the wood and wood product industries today. This is due to the numerous industrial applications and
    uses of the bamboo plant from its fast growth, availability, unique appearance and strength. Bamboo
    has been popularly known for its traditional uses such as poultry cages, vegetable baskets, incense
    sticks, skewers and chopsticks, woven blinds and handicrafts. Very little has been done on the
    industrial processing of bamboo into boards. Several authors have studied and reported on the
    utilization, processing and the properties of this emerging material as an alternative to the increasing
    decline of wood in the forest. This review aims to compare and contrast some of the works done on
    the advancement in producing laminated bamboo timber. The properties of bamboo and its laminated
    products attest to its potency in substituting wood. Bamboo utilisation has increased significantly in
    the wood and wood product industries, with adequate retooling in most processing firms in the sector.
    In line with the development and use of bamboo-laminated timber for the purpose of wood in
    furniture production, the creation of bamboo plantations on degraded lands will meaningfully support
    production and mitigate the degradation of forest.
  16. Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus, Siti Khairani Bejo, Sarah Othman, Zunita Zakaria
    MyJurnal
    The successful in vivo horizontal transfer of mobile genetic elements carrying resistance and virulence determinants have contributed immensely to a global dissemination of virulent and multi-drug resistant pathogens. In addition, the pathogenesis of MRSA infection is enhanced via initial colonization of the skin through the component of the microbial surface antigen recognizing adhesive matrix molecules and by their ability to evade host immune response. Furthermore, it was also observed that the genetic diversity of pathogenic MRSA is due to its’ ability to rapidly acquire resistance and virulence determinants. A characteristic feature that made it one of the most important nosocomial pathogen worldwide. Similarly, the expression of virulence gene in MRSA has been observed to be regulated by the accessory gene regulator system (agr). These system is made up of a series of genes whose product build up quorum-sensing regulatory mechanisms that is growth dependent. In addition, at a certain growth stage, the agr systems triggers a pronounced changes in the expression of genes called the quorum sensing. The findings of this review affirms the importance of horizontal gene transfer in the dissemination of resistance and virulence determinants and as well as the genetic diversity of MRSA.
  17. Assi, Mohammed Abdulrazzaq, Abdul Wahid Haron, Md Sabri Mohd Yusoff, Mohammed Ali Rajion, Mohd Hezmee Mohd Noor
    MyJurnal
    The overall reproductive process consists of both the human sex organs which include the male and female reproductive system. The ability to produce offsprings that have similar characteristic as their parents is the goal of reproduction. The sexual type of reproduction takes place in human and both male and female reproductive system is required. Male reproductive system is mainly concerned with production of semen (whitish viscous fluid emitted from the male reproductive tract that contains sperm and fluids) and transferring it into the female reproductive tract. In this review, we will discuss the latest findings in the research pertaining the male reproductive system and its contribution towards the research in advancement of reproductive physiology.
  18. Azdiya Suhada Abdul Rahim Arifin, Ismayadi Ismail, Abdul Halim Abdullah, Farah Nabilah Shafiee, Idza Riati Ibrahim
    MyJurnal
    Clean water is very important for health and well-being of humans and ecosystem. However, over the year, a billion tons of industrial waste, fertilizers and chemical waste were dumped untreated into water bodies, such as rivers, lake and oceans contributing towards water pollution, then threatening human health and ecosystem. Hence, the need for clean water has urged scientists to research and find solutions for improving water quality. Application of nanoparticles in wastewater treatment improves the environmental quality by elimination of harmful pollutants in wastewater. Magnetite is one of the nanoparticles used in wastewater treatment because of its specific large surface area, high reactivity in adsorption and recoverable from treated water via magnetic separation technology. Preparation method of magnetite nanoparticles is the important key to its adsorption efficiency.
  19. Azhar Yaacob, Mohamad Taufik Hidayat Baharuldin
    MyJurnal
    Ergogenic aids usage by athletes is a common scenario that can be seen in any level of athletes and any types of sports nowadays. Ergogenic aids can range from drugs, food, hormone, mechanical aid and herbs. Traditionally, ergogenic aids can be classified into categories namely: physiological, psychological, mechanical, pharmacological and nutrition. Despite all these classification, all ergogenic aids had one common purpose, which is to improve physical performance. Herbs consumption as ergogenic aids had been practiced since years ago by athletes as either nutritional or pharmacological aids. Using herbs as physical performance booster has gained popularity since it was claimed safer and natural. One of local herb that gets attention as energy booster is Ficus deltoidea (Mas Cotek). Ficus deltoidea had been used traditionally to restore energy. Few studies had reveal that Ficus deltoidea had medicinal properties such anti-nociceptive, antioxidant, wound healing enhancer and blood glucose regulation properties. There is no direct study on Ficus deltoidea as energy booster or ergogenic aids, but this medicinal value might be beneficial to increase athlete’s physical performance. Ergogenic aids, especially those that been produce using herbs, rarely have scientific evidence to determine its effectiveness, safety, dosage and mechanism of action. Ergogenic aids were normally marketed with claims and report as their reference, not scientific evidence. The most frequent claim used by traders is that ergogenic aids can increase and sustain body’s energy. This review will discuss on how ergogenic aids might help athletes to increase their physical performance and possibility of using Ficus deltoidea as ergogenic aids based on its medicinal properties.
  20. Bilal Yaseen, Tan Bee Hoon
    MyJurnal
    Language is essential for communication. People who are involved in cross cultural communication have to be bilingual in order to interact with people from a different language background (Blackwell. Woolard, K. (2005). Bilingualism opens up various new pathways of thoughts, expressions, and it helps to reduce misunderstanding in interactions (Hidayat, T. 2012). The purpose of this review is to find out how code-switching plays a vital role in language communication especially in the social media such as Facebook, Twitter, SMS and Chat. This study reviewed fifteen journal articles to examine the ways code-switching was used. The review was to discover social phenomena and authentic identities of social actors. The study discovered that code-switching has been used widely to unmask bilinguals’ cultural background and group identity during online communication via Facebook. Finally, code-switching can be used to obtain positive feelings to the interlocutor, which here was combined with introducing humour as an in-group marker, quoting, and to some extent topic specificity as well as possible vocabulary limitation in one language or the other, in the online conversation by bilinguals such as to express group solidarity.
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