Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 338 in total

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  1. Hanim N, Suman A, Kembaren DD, Perwitasariv D, Wardiatno Y, Farajallah A
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2023 Sep;34(3):185-195.
    PMID: 37860098 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.10
    Several species of brachyuran crabs in Indonesian waters have not been reported since almost 100 years ago. This research reports a brachyuran crab that is rarely found and one new record in Indonesian waters. This study was conducted in the waters of southern Aru Island and the Malacca Strait using trawls during a cruise held by the Research Institute for Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia.. Our findings were Izanami reticulata, a new record (family Matutidae) from southern Aru Island, and Cryptopadia fornicata (family Parthenopidae) from the Malacca Strait. The two locations are close to where the species were found in previous studies: the Arafura Sea, which is adjacent to the Aru Islands, and the Malacca Strait, which is adjacent to Borneo. It is suspected that the presence of these two species in Indonesia is due to their distribution through sea currents during the pelagic larval stage. This article also provides the specific habitat for both species in Indonesia, which was previously unknown. In addition, this article contributes to strengthening Indonesia as a mega-biodiversity country with an initial compilation of a database of Brachyura in its waters.
  2. Kunzmann A, Todinanahary G, Msuya FE, Alfiansah Y
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2023 Sep;34(3):279-302.
    PMID: 37860099 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.15
    Aquaculture is still in early development in Madagascar and Tanzania, while in Indonesia, aquaculture has a long history. In Madagascar, villagers are farming seaweed and sea cucumbers, as part of small-scale community-based aquaculture (CBA). They followed a contractual model between a private farming company and farmers. Local non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and public institutions in Madagascar jointly strive to reverse the trend of ongoing anthropogenic coastal degradation. In Tanzania, the cultivation of red seaweeds has been established for over 30 years, with declining production attributed to climate change. While shrimp farming still involves, to some extent, clearing of mangroves in Tanzania, seaweed culture has only mild impact on coastal ecosystems. Farming areas provide shelter and habitat for juvenile fish, crabs and other organisms. Therefore, NGOs ask for support to improve culture methods. Various problems and shortcomings in Indonesia have been clearly identified, including issues related to new aquaculture areas, pollutants, emerging diseases, insufficient broodstock and fry supply, as well as a lack of technology and manpower. To address these challenges and ensure the growth of aquaculture production, the government has implemented national policies and established training and broodstock centers throughout the country. In Madagascar, the CBA programme stands out as a success story and can serve as a template for other coastal regions and countries. In Tanzania, the adoption of CBA model for co-culture could be the future. In Indonesia, due to a very long coastlines and complicated legislation, IMTA seems to be particularly suitable, as successfully tested in model regions.
  3. Tran TPN, Nguyen TT, Tran GB
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2023 Sep;34(3):237-257.
    PMID: 37860100 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.13
    Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) is a well-known oleaginous plant used as food source and traditional medicine by indigenous people for a long time. This study was conducted to evaluate anti-arthritis effect of ethanol extract of Sacha inchi leaves and provide scientific evidence to develop the new anti-arthritis remedy from Sacha inchi. Rheumatoid arthritis model was established by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into right hind footpads of mice and three doses of ethanol extract of Sacha inchi leaves (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight) were used for treatment. The severity of arthritis was evaluated by measuring the ankle diameter and arthritic score, hematological and biochemical parameters (erythrocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and rheumatoid factor). The pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) and the histology change of joint were also examined. All three doses of extracts significantly alleviated ankle diameter and arthritic score. Furthermore, the extracts could ameliorate the alternation of inflammatory cytokines as well histological features of CFA-induced mice. The efficacy of extract dose of 300 mg/kg body weight is comparable with reference drug (Mobic, 0.2 mg/kg body weight). This study indicates Sacha inchi leaf extract as the promising remedy for treatment of arthritis.
  4. Mohd Nor NAN, Kari A, Haron MN, Komilus CF
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2023 Sep;34(3):151-163.
    PMID: 37860096 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.8
    Environmental temperature rises are powerful stimuli that can alter both the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA). Heat stress has been shown to harm pregnancy outcomes such as causing spontaneous abortion, low birth weight, growth retardation and stillbirth. Supplementation of bee bread in pregnant rats under heat stress exposure has been shown to improve the pregnancy outcomes. However, whether supplementation of bee bread during heat stress exposure may also reduce the level of the stress hormone, corticosterone has yet been reported. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of bee bread on corticosterone level, progesterone level, oestradiol level and zonation of the adrenal cortex of pregnant rats under heat stress exposure. Pregnant rats were randomly categorised into four groups (n = 6): Control (C: standard feeding), Treatment 1 (T1: 0.5 g bee bread/kg body weight/day), Treatment 2 (T2: standard feeding with heat exposure), and Treatment 3 (T3: 0.5 g bee bread/kg body weight/day with heat exposure). Bee bread (0.5 g/kg body weight/day) was force-fed to pregnant rats through oral gavage beginning on day 0 of pregnancy and continuing until delivery. Heat stress was generated experimentally by putting both T2 and T3 rats in an egg incubator for 45 min daily at a temperature of 43°C till delivery. On a postnatal Day 21, dams were euthanised to assess serum corticosterone, progesterone, oestradiol levels and adrenal gland histology. Rats in the T2 group had a significantly (P < 0.05) increase in the zona fasciculata thickness (94.95 ± 1.55 μm) and higher corticosterone levels (49.57 ± 1.57 ng/mL) compared with control. However, supplementation of bee bread during heat stress was able to show an improvement in adrenal zona fasciculata thickness by decreasing to 79.89 ± 3.08 μm and corticosterone level reduced to 35.31 ± 1.73 ng/mL significantly (P < 0.05). Therefore, these findings may imply that bee bread is effective as a neutralizer in lowering the production of stress hormone.
  5. Aramsirirujiwet Y, Leepasert T, Piamariya D, Thong-Asa W
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2023 Sep;34(3):165-183.
    PMID: 37860101 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.9
    We investigated the neurological effects of the varied erinacine composition of different mycelia cultures in mice with trimethyltin (TMT)-induced neurodegeneration. Forty male ICR mice were randomly divided into five groups of Sham-veh, TMT-veh, TMT-EME, TMT-EMR and TMT-EME/R. The TMT groups received 2.6 mg/kg one-time intraperitoneal injections of TMT. Oral dosages of 200 mg/kg erinacine combination from each Hericium erinaceus mycelia (EM) cultivated formula (100% eucalyptus wood [E], 100% rubber wood [R], or 40% eucalyptus wood/60% rubber wood [E/R]) were given for two weeks. Spatial learning, memory, flexibility, and anxious behaviour were evaluated alongside brain tissues' oxidative status and histological analyses. Erinacine composition from EME/R exhibited significant positive effects on spatial learning, memory, flexibility, and anxiety (p < 0.05). These findings emerged concurrently with the significant mitigation of hippocampal lipid peroxidation, CA1 hippocampal, cortical neuron, and corpus callosum white matter degeneration (p < 0.05). These neurological benefits were associated with the EME/R composition of erinacine A, C, D, G, H, I, K and R. The best neuroprotective effect against TMT-induced neurodegeneration in mice is offered by the EME/R erinacine composition according to its anti-lipid peroxidation, its nurturing effect on neuronal and white matter, and mitigation of behavioural deficits.
  6. Paltiyan-Bugtong JC, Lumpio RG, Napaldet JT
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2023 Sep;34(3):217-235.
    PMID: 37860097 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.12
    The study presents the morphology, anatomy and mathematical modelling in Benguet lily (Lilium philippinense Baker), a threatened species from the Cordillera Central Range and was often misidentified with the weedy L. formosanum. The plant is an annual herb with linear, spiral leaves; pure white, perfect, funnel-shaped, showy flowers; septicidal elongated capsule; and, brown, light, winged seeds. New findings in the study include the description of the capsule and seeds, biometric measurements of the different plant organs, the significant correlation and regression model of plant height and stem diameter for certain floral measurement, and its diagnostic characteristics vis-à-vis L. formosanum. Interesting findings on the taxon's anatomy show a cross between a typical monocot and a typical dicot anatomy. It has a bifacial leaf structure (a common dicot character) but its spongy layer is not as widely spaced like in dicot leaf. The stem has a distinct cortex and pith (a dicot character) but has a scattered vascular bundles (a monocot character). Lastly, some roots have a narrow pith at the centre of the stele (a monocot character) while some roots have metaxylem elements at the centermost structure (a dicot character). Further studies need to be conducted to determine the ecological significance of these features.
  7. Rahim NAA, Mohd Sidik Merican FM, Radzi R, Omar WMW, Nor SAM, Broady P, et al.
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2023 Sep;34(3):57-94.
    PMID: 37860087 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.4
    Cyanobacteria are one of the most important groups of photoautotrophic organisms, contributing to carbon and nitrogen fixation in mangroves worldwide. They also play an important role in soil retention and stabilisation and contribute to high plant productivity through their secretion of plant growth-promoting substances. However, their diversity and distribution in Malaysian mangrove ecosystems have yet to be studied in detail, despite Malaysia hosting a significant element of remaining mangroves globally. In a floristic survey conducted in Penang, peninsular Malaysia, 33 morphospecies of periphytic cyanobacteria were identified and described for the first time from a mangrove ecosystem in Malaysia. Sixteen genera, comprising Aphanocapsa, Chroococcus, Chroococcidiopsis, Cyanobacterium, Desmonostoc, Geitlerinema, Leptolyngbya, Lyngbya, Microcystis, Myxosarcina, Oscillatoria, Phormidium, Pseudanabaena, Spirulina, Trichocoleus and Xenococcus, were obtained from field material growing on diverse natural and artificial substrata. Oscillatoriales was the dominant order with Phormidium the dominant genus at nine of the 15 sampling sites examined. Three of the morphospecies, Aphanocapsa cf. concharum, Xenococcus cf. pallidus and Oscillatoria pseudocurviceps, are rare and poorly known morphospecies worldwide. Chroococcus minutus, Phormidium uncinatum, P. amphigranulata, and some species of Oscillatoriales are considered as pollution indicator species. This study provides important baseline information for further investigation of the cyanobacterial microflora present in other mangrove areas around Malaysia. A complete checklist will enhance understanding of their ecological role and the potential for benefits arising from useful secondary metabolites or threats via toxin production to the ecosystem.
  8. Jeamah A, Senarat S, Kong-Oh S, Sudtongkong C, Wirachwong P, Charoenphon N, et al.
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2023 Sep;34(3):113-127.
    PMID: 37860093 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.6
    Hematological evaluation of fish is essential to the assessment of their physiological status. This study describes the morphometric analysis and comparison of blood cell characteristics in Zanarchopterus sp., Gerres filamentosus Cuvier, 1829 and Leiognathus decorus (De Vis, 1884). The species were collected at two locations off the coast of Trang Province, Thailand. A comparative hematological evaluation was made to assess the effects of environmental conditions on the blood of the fish. Ten individuals of each species were collected from a seagrass bed at Libong Island, where human activities are increasing, and from a secluded sandy beach. Their blood samples were analysed using the blood smear technique. Erythrocytes of all the studied fishes were either elliptical or oval. The morphometric data from both locations showed that erythrocytes were of similar size, except for those of Zanarchopterus sp. Fish from both stations showed several types of leukocytes, including neutrophils and lymphocytes.The highest proportion of leukocytes was made up of lymphocytes, followed by neutrophils. However, monocytes were only observed in fish from Libong Island and the erythrocytic nuclei of fish collected from Libong Island were both reniform and lobate. Our results show the potential of hematological evaluation as an early warning signal of environmental impacts on aquatic animals. The determination of baseline parameters could provide a tool for the monitoring of environmental quality.
  9. Begum S, Firdous S, Naeem Z, Chaudhry GE, Arshad S, Abid F, et al.
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2023 Sep;34(3):129-149.
    PMID: 37860095 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.7
    In present study, Water Quality Index (WQI) has been assessed of the Rawal Lake which is a major source of drinking water for people in the Federal Capital, Islamabad, and its adjacent city Rawalpindi in Pakistan. For this, the principal component analysis (PCA) and WQI were applied as an integrated approach to quantitatively explore difference based on spatial variation in 11 water quality parameters of the five major feeding tributaries of the Rawal Lake, Pakistan. The results of temperature in water, total dissolved solids, pH, electrical conductivity, chlorides and sulfates were well within the allowable World Health Organisation's (WHO) limits. However, the heavy metals like cadmium and lead were above permissible limits by the WHO in tributaries of Bari Imam and Rumli. Moreover, this has been proven by the Pearson correlation which suggested strong positive correlation (0.910*) between lead and cadmium. The results of present study were subjected to statistical analysis, i.e., PCA which gave three major factors contributing 96.5% of the total variance. For factor 1, pH, TDS, alkalinity, chlorides, sulfates and zinc have highest factor loading values (>0.60) and presented that these parameters were among the most significant parameters of first factor. As per the WQI results, the water was categorised in two major classes indicating that water of Bari Imam and Rumli is highly contaminated with heavy metals and totally unsuitable for drinking purposes. Based on the results of the present study, it is suggested to make heavy metals consideration as an integrated component in future planning for maintaining water quality of the Rawal Lake and its tributaries.
  10. Wong CKF, Chong TY, Tan J, Wong WL
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2023 Sep;34(3):1-22.
    PMID: 37860094 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.1
    Malaysia is home to a number of hot springs that are rich in microbial diversity including the photosynthetic cyanobacteria. Although this microbial community has been characterised based on metagenomics approach, the culturable thermophilic isolates have not been isolated and characterised extensively. Compared to the mesophiles, information on plant growth promoting (PGP) properties of these thermophiles remain largely untapped. As the amount of arable land for microbial bioprospecting is decreasing due to extensive human activities, the search for alternative source for microbial strains with PGP properties is important for the development of potential biofertilisers. This study sought to isolate and characterise culturable cyanobacteria strains from two local hot springs - Sungai Klah (SK) and Lubuk Timah (LT) located in Perak using morphological and molecular methods. The IAA production from the axenic cultures were measured. The PGP properties were also measured by priming the rice seeds with cyanobacterial water extracts. A total of six strains were isolated from both hot springs. Strains LTM and LTW from LT were identified as Leptolyngbya sp. whereas strains SEM, SEH, STH and STM were identified as Thermosynechococcus elongatus. All six strains produced IAA ranged from 670.10 pg/μL to 2010 pg/μL. The water extracts were found to increase the seed amylase activity of the rice seeds from 5th day of germination (DAG) to 10th DAG. In general, the IAA production and increased seed amylase activity might have contributed in enhancing the longest root length, shoot length and root-to-shoot (RS) ratio. To conclude, the thermophilic cyanobacteria from hot springs can be further exploited as a novel source of PGP microbes for the development of biofertilsers.
  11. Indira M, Peele KA, Krupanidhi S, Prabhakar KV, Vimala KBS, Kavya PS, et al.
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2023 Sep;34(3):197-215.
    PMID: 37860090 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.11
    Citrus medica is a horticultural crop grown in different parts of the world. The plant leaves have medicinal importance in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. The leaves are an underutilised part of the plant, despite having various bioactive compounds with health benefits, with phytochemical analysis having revealed the presence of flavonoids, fatty acids, alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, carbohydrates and phytosterols. The biochemical constituents were identified using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which confirmed the presence of terpenoids, alcohols, alkanes, phytosterols and fatty acids. Among these, methyl 8, 11, 14-heptadecatrienoate is a linolenic acid, and α-linolenic acid, trimethylsilyl ester and levulinic acid are the predominant compounds belonging to the omega-3 fatty acid group, which has known health benefits. Further, the antimicrobial activity of C. medica plant leaves were tested against certain food-borne pathogens and showed significant results. The minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 6.09 mg/mL to 390 mg/mL for bacterial organisms and 48.75 mg/mL to 390 mg/mL for fungal organisms. The antioxidant activity values were 300 μg/mL and 450 μg/mL by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assay, respectively. The methanolic extract from the C. medica leaves also showed anticancer activity against MCF7 breast cancer cell lines, with an IC50 value of material for developing a healthy processed food such as nutraceuticals and functional foods.
  12. Chacón LJ, Yepes GD, Cardozo J, Rueda F, Castillo V, Torres A, et al.
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2023 Sep;34(3):259-277.
    PMID: 37860088 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.14
    The sperm interacts with seminal plasma proteins during its transport through the female reproductive tract to reach the oocyte. Seminal plasma proteins have been associated as biomarkers of fertility in bovine males, while two-dimensional electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels under denaturing conditions (2D-PAGE) is a useful technique for their separation, allowing their subsequent analysis with the aid of specialised software. Brahman bulls are known for their tolerance to tropical conditions such as low-quality pastures, high temperatures, and relative humidity as well as moderate resistance to infestations by parasites and insects. The present study describes the two-dimensional electrophoretic profiles of the seminal plasma proteins in the rainy and dry seasons, associating them with the fertility of Brahman bulls in the Colombian Orinoquía in a 90-days breeding season and a single-sire mating system (1 bull per 50 Brahman cows) with 60 consecutive days of rest. The fertility-related seminal plasma protein spots increased in the dry season. Likewise, a meaningful relationship was found between the protein spots that possibly coincide with the Binder of Sperm Proteins. It was also found that bulls with the highest percentages of pregnancy also had similarities in their 2D seminal plasma maps. We conclude that the seminal plasma protein profile of Brahman bulls raised in the Colombian low tropic changes between rainy and dry seasons, and such changes may influence the reproductive performance of those animals.
  13. Irawati W, Yuwono T, Pinontoan R, Lindarto V
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2023 Sep;34(3):37-56.
    PMID: 37860091 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.3
    Improper disposal of waste containing copper and dye is an environmental issue that must be resolved immediately due to its harmful, non-degradable and toxic properties. Bioremediation efficiency can improve by cultivating copper and dye multi-resistant bacteria to remove various pollutant types simultaneously. This study aims at establishing the multi-resistance of Acinetobacter sp. IrC1 to copper and dyes. The effects of copper concentration on growth were determined using a spectrophotometer, while accumulation was analysed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Bacteria-mediated dye decolourisation dyes were observed based on clear zone formation around bacterial colonies, while decolourisation percentage was calculated using a spectrophotometer. Results demonstrate that Acinetobacter sp. IrC1 resisted up to 8 mM CuSO4 and accumulated up to 292.93 mg/g dry weight of copper cells. Acinetobacter sp. IrC1 isolates were also resistant to 500 ppm Methylene Blue, Malachite Green, Congo Red, Mordant Orange, Reactive Black, Direct Yellow, Reactive Orange, Remazol, Wantex Red and Wantex Yellow dye, successfully removing up to 68.35% and 79.50% Methylene Blue and Basic Fuchsine in a medium containing 3 mM CuSO4, respectively. Further investigations are required to analyse the genetic composition of multi-resistant bacteria to optimise the effectiveness of indigenous bacterial isolates as bioremediation agents.
  14. Rushidi MNA, Azhari MLH, Yaakop S, Hazmi IR
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2023 Sep;34(3):95-111.
    PMID: 37860089 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.5
    Elaeidobius kamerunicus is the most efficient pollinator of oil palm. Wolbachia is an endosymbiotic bacteria associated with E. kamerunicus that has a potential to affect the fecundity and fitness of the E. kamerunicus. Despite their importance, no studies have been conducted to investigate its prevalence in E. kamerunicus. The objectives of this study were to detect and characterise Wolbachia in E. kamerunicus and determine the phylogenetic relationship of Wolbachia strains that infect E. kamerunicus by using three genetic markers namely Filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z (ftsZ), Chaperonin folding protein (groEL), and Citrate Synthase Coding Gene (gltA). DNA was extracted from 210 individuals of E. kamerunicus and the Wolbachia infections were detected using the wsp marker. The infected samples (n = 25, 11.9%) were then sequenced using ftsZ, gltA and groEL markers for strain characterization. In this study, a combination of four markers was used to construct the phylogeny of Wolbachia. Similar topologies were shown in all trees; Neighbour-Joining (NJ), Maximum Parsimony (MP), and Bayesian Inference (BI), which showed the mixing of individuals that harbor Wolbachia between populations. Interestingly, Wolbachia on E. kamerunicus was claded together with the species Drosophila simulans under supergroup B. This is the first report of Wolbachia infecting E. kamerunicus which is very valuable and significant as one of the parameters to evaluate the quality of the E. kamerunicus population for sustaining its function as a great pollinator for oil palm.
  15. Soon ATK, Ding P, Ramaiya SD
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2023 Sep;34(3):23-36.
    PMID: 37860092 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.2
    "Terung asam" Sarawak (Solanum lasiocarpum Dunal) is an underutilised fruit vegetable. Information on the fruit growth is very lacking. Thus, this study was conducted to characterise fruit growth pattern based on physical characters and cellular structures. Data were recorded weekly from fruit set until senescence. All the morphological growth of "terung asam" fruit exhibits a single sigmoid growth pattern that fitted well to logistic model. There are three distinct phases of growth, i.e., S1, S2 and S3. At S1, the size of fruit cells was small without intercellular spaces. As fruit grew to S2, cell size increased with distinct vascular tissues. By S3, fruit has achieved its maximum size with green peel turn to yellow and finally golden yellow at late S3. Cuticle and two types of trichomes formed the outer layer of fruit. The thickness of fruit exocarp increased while density of trichomes decreased as fruit developed.
  16. Bimo Setiarto RH, Isra M, Andrianto D, Widhyastuti N, Masrukhin
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2023 Jun;34(2):255-278.
    PMID: 38144387 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.2.13
    Probiotics are a non-digestible food ingredient that promotes the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the intestines. One of the functional food ingredients, Momala corn flour, is a source of prebiotics with a resistant starch content of 4.42%. Thi s study aimed to improve the prebiotic properties and resistant starch content of modified corn flour (MCF) Momala Gorontalo by using physical, chemical, and enzymatic modification processes. The research methods include physical modification (heat moisture treatment, annealing, autoclaving-cooling cycling, microwave), chemical modification (acid hydrolysis), and enzymatic modification (debranching pullulanase). The results showed that the modified by heat moisture treatment (HMT) increased RS levels 1-fold, annealing modification (ANN) 8.9-fold, autoclaving-cooling one cycle modification (AC-1C) 2.9-fold, autoclaving-cooling two cycles modification (AC-2C) 2.0-fold, microwave modification (MW) 1.3-fold, acid hydrolysis (HA) modification 5.0-fold, and debranching pullulanase (DP) modification 3.8-fold compared with corn flour control without modification. The value of the prebiotic activity of MCF hydrolysed acid (HA) is 0.03, and debranching pullulanase (DP) is 0.02 against Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). The prebiotic effect value of MCF HA and DP were 0.76 and 0.60, respectively. The prebiotic index value of MCF HA and DP were 0.60 and 0.48, respectively. This study confirms that MCF HA and DP are good prebiotic candidates because they have resistant starch content, low starch digestibility, and resistance to simulated gastric fluid hydrolysis than unmodified corn flour.
  17. Fujaya Y, Hidayani AA, Sari DK, Aslamyah S, Rukminasari N, Muthalib A, et al.
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2023 Jun;34(2):39-56.
    PMID: 38144381 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.2.3
    Owing to their availability, cost effectiveness and environmental-friendly nature, plant extracts are promising additives for fish farming. This study aims to determine the optimal dosage of fermented herbal extract (FHE)-composed of Morus alba (33.3%), Curcuma xanthorrhiza (33.3%), and Boesenbergia rotunda (33.3%)-for growth enhancement and feed utilisation efficiency of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Fermentation was conducted using probiotics Lactobacillus casei (Yakult®, Tokyo, Japan) and Saccharomyces cereviceae (commercial baker's yeast). The FHE was high in flavonoid and alkaloid, vitamin C, potassium, natrium, lipase and protease. Four doses of FHE treatments, namely treatment A (0 mg/kg of feed); treatment B (100 mg/kg of feed); treatment C (300 mg/kg of feed); treatment D (500 mg/kg of feed) were compared. After subjected to 35 days of culture, tilapias subjected to FHE-coated feed exhibited better weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed efficiency (FE) compared to control. The best dosage that gave the highest growth and feed efficiency was treatment C (300 mg/kg of feed). Furthermore, the feed efficiencies of FHE-incorporated treatments were positively influenced by the increased in length and density of intestinal villi, number of goblet cells, lymphocytes, as well as nutrient retention to support growth. The results of this study indicate that FHE is a promising functional feed additive to stimulate growth and improve feed efficiency in tilapia farming.
  18. Ratnasari J, Tan MI, Esyanti RR, Juliawaty LD
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2023 Jun;34(2):223-241.
    PMID: 38144382 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.2.11
    Cryptocarya pulchrinervia is an Indonesian indigenous plant that grows in Sumatra, Kalimantan and Papua. One of the new compounds extracted from this plant was cryptobrachytone C, which was known to be cytotoxic against cancer cells of Murine leukemia P388 with IC50 10.52 μM. In this study, the cytotoxicity and anticancer properties of cryptobrachytone C on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and clone formation of MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cell lines were examined, which had not previously been done before. The cytotoxicity of the compound was measured using an MTT (3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2- yl) -2,5-di-phenyl-tetrazolium bromide) assay. The cell proliferation was measured using a BrdU assay, and the cell apoptosis was measured using annexin-V FITC, while the cell migration was measured using a transwell filter. The cytotoxic test result demonstrated that cryptobrachytone C was cytotoxic against MCF-7 cells with IC50 12.94 ± 0.32 μM but not against T47D cells with IC50 65.33 ± 2.33 μM nor against normal MRC-5 cells with IC50 122.57 ± 19.84 μM. The cell proliferation assay showed that cryptobrachytone C at IC50 concentration had antiproliferative properties against MCF-7 cancer cell lines (p < 0.05) but did not significantly reduce T47D cell proliferation (p < 0.07). Although the results of the cell apoptosis test showed that cryptobrachytone C could induce the apoptosis of the MCF-7 and T47D cells, it was insignificant (p > 0.05). The cell migration test showed that cryptobrachytone at IC50 concentrations could inhibit the migration of the MCF-7 and T47D cells. The clonogenic test showed that cryptobrachytone C at IC50 concentration can induce the inhibition of the formation of MCF-7 and T47D cell colonies. The cryptobrachytone C anti-cancer character was more signi icant on the MCF-7 cell line compared to the T47D. This study showed that cryptobrachytone C was cytotoxic and had potential as an anti-cancer compound against MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cell lines.
  19. Anjuwon TM, Ehinmidu JO, Anigo KM, James DB
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2023 Jun;34(2):279-297.
    PMID: 38144385 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.2.14
    Malaria still remains a life-threatening parasitic disease with universal targets set for control and elimination. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimalarial susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum isolates and Plasmodium berghei to selected antimalarial agents and column chromatographic subfractions of Glyphaea brevis leaves extract and FTIR and GCMS of SF8. Trager and Jensen as well as World Health Organisation (WHO) standardised in vitro micro-test system methods were used to determine susceptibility on the patients' blood samples; Column chromatographic procedure was carried out to obtain 11 pooled fractions; FTIR and GCMS were used to determine functional groups and phytochemicals respectively. In vitro anti-plasmodial activity against P. falciparum clinical isolates had IC50 range of 1.03 μg/mL-7.63 μg/mL while their IC50 against P. berghei ranges from 4.32 μg/mL-7.89 μg/mL. Subfraction 8 (SF8) had the least IC50 of 4.32 μg/mL. The FTIR spectrum showed the presence of isoprenoid, alcohol, phenol, alkane, alkenes, ester, carboxylic acids, aromatics and nitro compounds while GCMS identified dodecanoic acid, methyl ester; carotol; hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester; 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (oleic acid); methyl stearate; heptadecanoic acid, 16-methyl-, methyl ester; all with their antimalarial reported activities. In conclusion, G. brevis has a great potential for drug development against malaria parasite since it inhibited schizont growth and possesses phytocompounds with antimalarial report.
  20. Sawusdee A, Koolkalya S, Thapanand T, Jutagate T
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2023 Jun;34(2):109-130.
    PMID: 38144378 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.2.6
    The ecosystem of Bandon Bay, in the Gulf of Thailand (GoT), has been impacted since 2007 by the continued stocking of larval blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus, also called a crab bank. In this study, the food web in the Bay was modelled using Ecopath software to compare the trophic status, interaction and energy flow among the components in the system in 2007 and 2016 (i.e., before and 10 years after the crab bank intervention). The models were based on data collected from trawling. Twenty fish and shellfish components were used in the 2007 model, while 22 were used in the 2016 model. A significant increase in biomass was found in blue swimming crab, but biomass declined for other demersal fishes, cephalopods, and Penaeid shrimps. The production/biomass ratios of most components were higher in 2016 but the consumption/biomass ratios were relatively unchanged. The ecotrophic efficiency indicated that shellfishes were more exploited than fishes. Changes in most of the ecological indices revealed higher maturity and stability after 10 years of crab bank operation. The mixed trophic impact indicated bottom-up regulation, and that the increase of blue swimming crab negatively impacted only Mantis shrimp. Overall, the results indicate positive impacts of the crab bank intervention.
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