Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 417 in total

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  1. Zulkipli ZH, Abdul Rahmat AM, Mohd Faudzi SA, Paiman NF, Wong SV, Hassan A
    Accid Anal Prev, 2012 Nov;49:237-44.
    PMID: 23036400 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.12.011
    This study presents an analysis of crash characteristics of motorcyclists who sustained spinal injuries in motorcycle crashes. The aim of the study is to identify the salient crash characteristics that would help explain spinal injury risks for motorcyclists. Data were retrospectively collected from police case reports that were archived at MIROS from year 2005 to 2007. The data were categorized into two subcategories; the first group was motorcycle crashes with spinal injury (case) and the second group was motorcycle crashes without spinal injury (control). A total of 363 motorcyclists with spinal injury and 873 motorcyclists without spinal injury were identified and analyzed. Descriptive analysis and multivariate analysis were performed in order to determine the odds of each characteristic in contributing to spinal injury. Single vehicle crash, collision with fixed objects and crash configuration were found to have significant influence on motorcyclists in sustaining spinal injury (p<0.05). Although relatively few than other impact configurations, the rear-end impacted motorcyclist shows the highest risk of spinal injury. Helmets have helped to reduce head injury but they did not seem to offer corresponding protection for the spine in the study. With a growing number of young motorcyclists, further efforts are needed to find effective measures to help reduce the crash incidents and severity of spinal injury. In sum, the study provides some insights on some vital crash characteristics associated with spinal injury that can be further investigated to determine the appropriate counter-measures and prevention strategies to reduce spinal injury.
    Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic/mortality; Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data*
  2. Zerguine H, Tamrin SBM, Jalaludin J
    Ind Health, 2018 Jun 01;56(3):264-273.
    PMID: 29398685 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2017-0205
    Malaysian construction sector is regarded as critical in the field of health because of the high rates of accidents and fatalities. This research aimed to determine the prevalence, sources and severity of injuries and its association with commitment to safety among foreign construction workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 323 foreign construction workers from six construction projects of a large organization in Malaysia, using a simple random sampling method. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire to assess work-related injuries and safety commitment. The collected data was analysed by SPSS 22.0 using descriptive statistics and χ2 test. The prevalence of work-related injuries in a one year period was 22.6%, where most of the injuries were of moderate severity (39.7%) and falls from heights represented the main source (31.5%). The majority of the foreign construction workers had perceived between moderate and high safety commitment, which was significantly associated with work-related injuries. The results also showed a significant association of work-related injuries with the company's interest in Safety and Health, Safety and Health training, and safety equipment. Thus, the implementation of new procedures and providing relevant trainings and safety equipment; will lead to a decrease in injury rates in construction sites.
    Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Occupational/statistics & numerical data*
  3. Zamira Hasanah Zamzuri, Mohd Syafiq Sapuan, Kamarulzaman Ibrahim
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:1931-1940.
    The presence of extra zeros is commonly observed in traffic accident count data. Past research opt to the zero altered models and explain that the zeros are sourced from under reporting situation. However, there is also an argument against this statement since the zeros could be sourced from Poisson trial process. Motivated by the argument, we explore the possibility of mixing several discrete distributions that can contribute to the presence of extra zeros. Four simulation studies were conducted based on two accident scenarios and two discrete distributions: Poisson and negative binomial; by considering six combinations of proportion values correspond to low, moderate and high mean values in the distribution. The results of the simulation studies concur with the claim as the presence of extra zeros is detected in most cases of mixed Poisson and mixed negative binomial data. Data sets that are dominated by Poisson (or negative binomial) with low mean show an apparent existence of extra zeros although the sample size is only 30. An illustration using a real data set concur the same findings. Hence, it is essential to consider the mixed discrete distributions as potential distributions when dealing with count data with extra zeros. This study contributes on creating awareness of the possible alternative distributions for count data with extra zeros especially in traffic accident applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic
  4. Zainal Abidin H, Muhd Besari A, Nadarajan C, Wan Shukeri WF, Mazlan MZ, Chong SE, et al.
    IDCases, 2017;8:63-65.
    PMID: 28417070 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2017.03.010
    In Malaysia, melioidosis is commonly encountered as this infection is known as part of the endemic area for the disease. Managing cases of positive Burkholderia pseudomallei infection can involve multidisciplinary unit mainly, microbiologist, infectious disease team and intensive care as it may be quite difficult to distinguish melioidosis from a number of other diseases on the clinical setting alone. Laboratory diagnosis plays a vital role in determining the direction of management. Investigations such as culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serology should be evaluated once the disease is suspected. In this particular case, the patient is a young adult involved in a road traffic accident. Unlike any other cases with melioidosis, he had no potential risk factors which may have contributed to the severity of the disease and it is likely that the site of the accident was the source of acquisition of this gram negative bacterium.
    Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic
  5. Zaharudin I, Azizi ZA, Govindarajanthran N
    Med J Malaysia, 2016 Aug;71(4):220-222.
    PMID: 27770128 MyJurnal
    Blunt trauma to the right proximal subclavian artery is uncommon and tends to be associated with pseudoaneurysm formation. We report a patient with right proximal subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm after blunt chest trauma following a motor vehicle accident. The condition was successfully treated with a combined insertion of a covered stent and carotid-carotid bypass as a hybrid procedure. Duplex scans at 6 month and 1 year follow-up documented good stent-graft positioning and no pseudoaneurysm recurrence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic
  6. Yusoff MF, Baki MM, Mohamed N, Mohamed AS, Yunus MR, Ami M, et al.
    Traffic Inj Prev, 2010 Dec;11(6):594-9.
    PMID: 21128189 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2010.505255
    Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been identified as one of the significant risk factors for motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). In the interest of public safety, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of OSA and its associated factors among express bus drivers in Malaysia. Identifying factors or conditions related with OSA is very important because they can be used as indicators to subject a person to a confirmatory diagnosis using polysomnography testing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control*
  7. Yunus SS, Ngeow WC, Ramli R
    Am J Emerg Med, 2015 Sep;33(9):1253-7.
    PMID: 26026365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.05.009
    A cross-sectional study to determine the pattern of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) injuries among children involved in road traffic crashes was performed. The association of protective equipment use with the CMF injuries was evaluated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data*
  8. Yuen CW, Karim MR, Saifizul A
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:236396.
    PMID: 24991638 DOI: 10.1155/2014/236396
    This paper focuses on the study of the change of various types of riding behaviour, such as speed, brake force, and throttle force applied, when they ride across the speed table. An instrumented motorcycle equipped with various types of sensor, on-board camera, and data logger was used in acquiring the traffic data in the research. Riders were instructed to ride across two speed tables and the riding data were then analyzed to study the behaviour change from different riders. The results from statistical analysis showed that the riding characteristics such as speed, brake force, and throttle force applied are influenced by distance from hump, riding experience, and travel mileage of riders. Riders tend to apply higher brake intensity at distance point 50 m before the speed table and release the braking at point -10 m after the hump. In short, speed table has different rates of influence towards riding behaviour on different factors, such as distance from hump and different riders' attributes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control*; Accidents, Traffic/psychology
  9. Yuen CW, Karim MR, Saifizul A
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:968946.
    PMID: 24523660 DOI: 10.1155/2014/968946
    This paper details the study on the changes in riding behaviour, such as changes in speed as well as the brake force and throttle force applied, when motorcyclists ride over a curve section road using an instrumented motorcycle. In this study, an instrumented motorcycle equipped with various types of sensors, on-board cameras, and data loggers, was developed in order to collect the riding data on the study site. Results from the statistical analysis showed that riding characteristics, such as changes in speed, brake force, and throttle force applied, are influenced by the distance from the curve entry, riding experience, and travel mileage of the riders. A structural equation modeling was used to study the impact of these variables on the change of riding behaviour in curve entry section. Four regression equations are formed to study the relationship between four dependent variables, which are speed, throttle force, front brake force, and rear brake force applied with the independent variables.
    Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic/mortality
  10. You X, Liew BS, Rosman AK, Dcsn, Musa KI, Idris Z
    Neurosurg Focus, 2018 05;44(5):E7.
    PMID: 29712526 DOI: 10.3171/2018.1.FOCUS17796
    OBJECTIVE Traumatic brain injury due to road traffic accidents occurs mainly in the younger age group in which injury-related disability leads to long-term impact on employment and economic and social consequences across the lifespan. This study was designed to assign a monetary cost (in Malaysian ringgits [RM]) to the treatment of patients with surgically treated isolated traumatic head injury as determined up to 1 year after injury. METHODS Relevant resource items used were identified and valued using the direct measurement of costs method, cost accounting methods, standard unit costs method, fees, charges and/or market prices method. These values were then tabulated to generate the total costs for each patient, via a combination of macro-costing and micro-costing methods. Malaysian currency values were converted to US dollars according to the average conversion rate for the period from January to May 2016: RM1 = US$0.2452. RESULTS This costing study analyzed data from 49 patients. The estimated cost for the 1st year of care for all patients was RM1,471,919.80 (US$360,914.735), with a mean (± SD) cost per case of RM30,039.18 ± 22,986.25 or $7365.61 ± $5636.23. The mean cost of care per case was RM11,041.35 ± 10,936.88 or $2707.34 ± $2681.72 for mild head injury, RM32,550.00 ± 20,998.76 or $7981.26 ± $5148.90 for moderate head injury, and RM36,917.86 ± 23,697.34 or $9052.26 ± $5810.59 for severe head injury. Severe head injury (p = 0.001), sustaining 2 or more intracranial pathologies (p = 0.01), having a poor Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score (GOS score 1-3) (p = 0.02), requiring a tracheostomy (p < 0.001), and contracting pneumonia (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with higher cost. Logistic regression analysis revealed that cost of care increased by RM591.60 or $145.06 per year increment of age (β = RM591.60, p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The mean cost of treatment for traumatic head injury is high compared to the per capita income of RM37,900 in 2016. The cost values generated in this study provide baseline cost estimates that the authors hope will be used as a guide to determine where adequate funding should be allocated to provide timely and appropriate delivery of care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic/economics*; Accidents, Traffic/trends
  11. You HW, Abdul Rahman A, Hendri Dwisatrya LH
    Data Brief, 2020 Aug;31:105783.
    PMID: 32642504 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105783
    Road traffic accidents have been recognised as a leading cause of death, and one of the prominent public health problems. The human factor, which is the driving behaviour in particular, is said to be the main cause. In line with this, the objective of this research is to present a data article on the response of driving behaviours among drivers. Driving behaviours have been classified into five dimensions, which are speeding, improper overtaking, mobile phone use while driving, tail-gating and disobeying traffic lights. A quantitative study was conducted with a sample size of 160 drivers consisting of residents in a suburban of Selangor, Malaysia. A stratified random sampling method was adopted to identify the respondents. Data analysis was presented in the form of descriptive statistics and tables. The findings show that the majority of respondents agreed that they have driving behaviours that involve improper overtaking, tail-gating and disobeying traffic lights.
    Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic
  12. Yong CK
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Dec;61 Suppl B:27-31.
    PMID: 17605179
    Posterolateral corner (PLC) laxity of the knee results in rotatory instability, in association with posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) laxity led to a grossly unstable knee. This is a series of eight patients with chronic PLC and PCL laxity treated with arthroscopic quadriceps tendon PCL reconstruction and extraarticular hamstring PLC reconstruction. Seven cases had high tibial osteotomy to address associated genu varus deformity. With prospective pre- and post-operative assessments, there was a significant improvement in the 2000 International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective assessment and knee examination, Lysholm-Gillquist and Tegner activity scores, as well as KT-1000 arthrometry measurement after one year in all knees. Surgical treatment of PLC laxity must address coexisting problems of the PCL and mechanical alignment for a successful outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic
  13. Yew KL
    Heart Views, 2014 Apr;15(2):49-50.
    PMID: 25104983 DOI: 10.4103/1995-705X.137497
    Electrical or electrocution injury is a common accidental occurrence and mostly workplace related. Fatal arrhythmias, skin injury and sudden death may ensue. However, it is rare for electrocution to result in permanent low rate sinus bradycardia, incompatible with an active lifestyle. The probable mechanisms for this pathological sinus bradycardia are sinus node dysfunction and autonomic dysfunction with vagal predominance. We describe a young patient who suffered a non fatal electrocution with resultant low rate sinus bradycardia and its successful treatment with a dual chamber rate responsive pacemaker.
    Matched MeSH terms: Accidents
  14. Yen FY, Chong KM, Ha LM
    PLoS One, 2013;8(6):e65440.
    PMID: 23755231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065440
    This paper proposes three synthetic-type control charts to monitor the mean time-between-events of a homogenous Poisson process. The first proposed chart combines an Erlang (cumulative time between events, Tr ) chart and a conforming run length (CRL) chart, denoted as Synth-Tr chart. The second proposed chart combines an exponential (or T) chart and a group conforming run length (GCRL) chart, denoted as GR-T chart. The third proposed chart combines an Erlang chart and a GCRL chart, denoted as GR-Tr chart. By using a Markov chain approach, the zero- and steady-state average number of observations to signal (ANOS) of the proposed charts are obtained, in order to evaluate the performance of the three charts. The optimal design of the proposed charts is shown in this paper. The proposed charts are superior to the existing T chart, Tr chart, and Synth-T chart. As compared to the EWMA-T chart, the GR-T chart performs better in detecting large shifts, in terms of the zero- and steady-state performances. The zero-state Synth-T4 and GR-Tr (r = 3 or 4) charts outperform the EWMA-T chart for all shifts, whereas the Synth-Tr (r = 2 or 3) and GR-T 2 charts perform better for moderate to large shifts. For the steady-state process, the Synth-Tr and GR-Tr charts are more efficient than the EWMA-T chart in detecting small to moderate shifts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Occupational/statistics & numerical data
  15. Yellappan K, K C Mani K, Md Tamrin SB
    Traffic Inj Prev, 2019;20(6):624-629.
    PMID: 31329467 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2019.1626985
    Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of motorcycle safety helmets (MSHs) used by postal delivery riders (PDRs) that comply with the Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia's (SIRIM) MSH standard guidelines and identify factors that contribute toward compliance of used MSHs with the standards. Methods: The presence of SIRIM certification label, the status of MSH, type of chinstrap, MSH crash history, and duration of MSH use were observed. The dependent variable was the results of the SIRIM testing procedures (SIRIM tests). MSHs that passed the SIRIM tests were considered "standard certified" MSHs. Results: The odds of the complimentary MSHs passing all of the SIRIM tests were 3.7 times the odds of the self-purchased MSHs passing the tests. The odds of MSHs with the SIRIM certification label passing all of the SIRIM tests were 24.2 times the odds of MSHs without the SIRIM certification label, and the odds of MSHs used <3 years passing the SIRIM tests were 3.75 times the odds of the MSHs used ≥3.8 years. Conclusion: PDRs provided with complimentary MSHs with the SIRIM certification label by the employer for their daily delivery routines and duration of MSH used for less than 3 years were found to be safe MSHs for male occupational riders in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data
  16. Yeap JS, Lee DJK, Fazir M, Borhan TAM, Kareem BA
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Dec;59 Suppl F:19-23.
    PMID: 15941156 MyJurnal
    The case notes of 102 patients (117 shoulder dislocations) were reviewed retrospectively to improve the understanding of the epidemiology of this common injury. Eighty-one dislocations were primary and 36 dislocations were second or recurrent dislocations. The age distribution was characterized by a peak in male patients aged between 21-30 years. The mean age for males was 30.5 years and 47.7 years for females. The male:female ratio in first time dislocations was 5:2, while it was 5:1 in recurrent dislocations. Ninety-eight percent were anterior dislocations and 2% were posterior dislocations. Greater tuberosity fractures were found in 17 patients and almost half of these patients were aged between 41-50 years. The most common cause of first time dislocation was a direct blow or fall onto the shoulder, accounting for 42 patients (55%). The majority of these patients were aged 40 years and above. Next common cause was motor vehicle accident which occurred mostly in the younger age group. Dislocations due to sporting injuries accounted for only 5.3% of all first time dislocations. Nearly 97% were successfully reduced without a general anaesthesia. Seventy-seven percent of the patients had their shoulders immobilized after reduction, mostly with body strapping only. Fifteen patients (14.7%) were referred for physiotherapy for stiffness. Few operations were performed for recurrent dislocations but surgery does not appear to be well accepted as yet by our patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data
  17. Yasin FN, Singh VA
    BMJ Case Rep, 2009;2009.
    PMID: 21686368 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.12.2008.1317
    Hip fracture-dislocation is extremely rare in sports and is most frequently seen after road traffic accidents. This injury is associated with considerable long-term disability and rapidly progressive joint degeneration. This case report illustrates two cases of hip fracture dislocation that occurred while playing recreational indoor football (futsal). Futsal is a fast-emerging recreational sport in Malaysia and we are now beginning to see high-impact injuries rarely encountered in recreational sports. Therefore, futsal cannot be taken lightly and it is important to take adequate precautions to prevent serious injuries when participating in such sports.
    Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic
  18. Yaroko AA, Shahrjerdi B, Md Daud MK
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Apr;68(2):181-2.
    PMID: 23629574 MyJurnal
    Sensorineural hearing loss following trauma is a common finding in daily clinical practice and usually associated with a poor prognosis. Our case illustrates a patient who was involved in motor vehicle accident sustaining bilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss but subsequently recovered fully after two years. Unless there is clear trauma to the cochlea or auditory nerve, a substantial duration of follow up is needed in the treatment of such cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Accidents
  19. Wu W, Jafri M Abdullah, Faizul H Ghazali
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1641-1648.
    Motor vehicle accidents are the most common cause of injuries involving avulsion of the brachial plexus in humans,
    resulting in debilitating motor dysfunction. Lack of an established animal model to test drug treatments hinders
    the introduction of new pharmacological agents. Avulsion injury of cervical ventral roots can be replicated in rats,
    resulting in a progressive loss of the motoneurons and increase in neurotoxic expression of microglia. This is a report
    on the effect of prompt nerve implantation and minocycline treatment on the suppression of microglia activation and
    survival of motoneurons. 20 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used for this study, which was approved by the
    Animal Ethical Committee, USM (approval number /2011/(73)(346)). The animals underwent surgical avulsion of the
    C6 nerve root, followed by reimplantation with peripheral nerve graft and treatment with intraperitoneal minocycline.
    At 6 weeks postoperatively, immunohistochemistry using primary antibody Iba1 (microglia) and nicotinamide adenine
    dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPh) with neutral-red staining (motoneuron) under flourescence microscopy
    was performed at the C6 spinal cord segment and then quantified. This study showed significant reduction of microglia
    expression in the study group; mean ranks of control and study group were 15.2 and 11.6, respectively; U=9.5, Z=3.02,
    p<0.05. However, this did not translate into a significant increase of motoneuron survival in the combined group;
    the mean ranks of control and study group were 40.6 and 41.6, respectively; U=44.5, Z=-.0378, p>0.05. This may
    be due to the effect of the surgery; the surgery has the potential to cause additional trauma to the cord parenchyma,
    leading to further motoneuron loss and an increase in scarring around the avulsed region, thus impeding regeneration
    of the motoneuron.
    Matched MeSH terms: Accidents
  20. Wong TH, Lim GH, Chow KY, Trauma Coordinators and Trauma Service Representatives, Zaw NN, Nguyen HV, et al.
    BMC Public Health, 2016 05 14;16:402.
    PMID: 27180046 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3080-3
    BACKGROUND: Seatbelt non-compliance is a problem in middle income countries, and little is known about seatbelt compliance in populations with a high proportion of non-residents. This study analyses the profile of seatbelt non-compliance in Singapore based on trauma registry data from five of the six public hospitals.

    METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of seatbelt compliance of patients aged over 18 years, attending the emergency departments of five public hospitals in Singapore after road collisions from 2011-2014. Seatbelt data was obtained from paramedic and patient history.

    RESULTS: There were 4,576 patients studied. Most were Singapore citizens (83.4 %) or permanent residents (2.4 %), with the largest non-resident groups from Malaysia, India, and China. Overall seatbelt compliance was 82.1 %. On univariate analysis, seatbelt compliance was higher in older patients (OR 1.02, 95 % CI 1.001-1.021, p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data*
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