Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 178 in total

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  1. Sohn AH, Lumbiganon P, Kurniati N, Lapphra K, Law M, Do VC, et al.
    AIDS, 2020 08 01;34(10):1527-1537.
    PMID: 32443064 DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000002583
    OBJECTIVE: To implement a standardized cause of death reporting and review process to systematically disaggregate causes of HIV-related deaths in a cohort of Asian children and adolescents.

    DESIGN: Death-related data were retrospectively and prospectively assessed in a longitudinal regional cohort study.

    METHODS: Children under routine HIV care at sites in Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam between 2008 and 2017 were followed. Causes of death were reported and then independently and centrally reviewed. Predictors were compared using competing risks survival regression analyses.

    RESULTS: Among 5918 children, 5523 (93%; 52% male) had ever been on combination antiretroviral therapy. Of 371 (6.3%) deaths, 312 (84%) occurred in those with a history of combination antiretroviral therapy (crude all-cause mortality 9.6 per 1000 person-years; total follow-up time 32 361 person-years). In this group, median age at death was 7.0 (2.9-13) years; median CD4 cell count was 73 (16-325) cells/μl. The most common underlying causes of death were pneumonia due to unspecified pathogens (17%), tuberculosis (16%), sepsis (8.0%), and AIDS (6.7%); 12% of causes were unknown. These clinical diagnoses were further grouped into AIDS-related infections (22%) and noninfections (5.8%), and non-AIDS-related infections (47%) and noninfections (11%); with 12% unknown, 2.2% not reviewed. Higher CD4 cell count and better weight-for-age z-score were protective against death.

    CONCLUSION: Our standardized cause of death assessment provides robust data to inform regional resource allocation for pediatric diagnostic evaluations and prioritization of clinical interventions, and highlight the continued importance of opportunistic and nonopportunistic infections as causes of death in our cohort.

    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  2. Ali SA, Teow SY, Omar TC, Khoo AS, Choon TS, Yusoff NM
    PLoS One, 2016;11(1):e0145986.
    PMID: 26741963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145986
    There remains a need for newer therapeutic approaches to combat HIV/AIDS. Viral capsid protein p24 plays important roles in HIV pathogenesis. Peptides and small molecule inhibitors targeting p24 have shown to inhibit virus replication in treated cell. High specificity and biological stability of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) make them an attractive contender for in vivo treatments. However, mAbs do not enter into cells, thus are restricted to target surface molecules. This also makes targeting intracellular HIV-1 p24 a challenge. A mAb specific to p24 that can internalize into the HIV-infected cells is hypothesized to inhibit the virus replication. We selected a mAb that has previously shown to inhibit p24 polymerization in an in vitro assay and chemically conjugated it with cell penetrating peptides (CPP) to generate cell internalizing anti-p24 mAbs. Out of 8 CPPs tested, κFGF-MTS -conjugated mAbs internalized T cells most efficiently. At nontoxic concentration, the κFGF-MTS-anti-p24-mAbs reduced the HIV-1 replication up to 73 and 49% in T-lymphocyte and PBMCs respectively. Marked inhibition of HIV-1 replication in relevant cells by κFGF-MTS-anti-p24-mAbs represents a viable strategy to target HIV proteins present inside the cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  3. Ngah H, Hairon SM, Yaacob NM, Yusoff H
    Malays J Med Sci, 2019 Jul;26(4):70-78.
    PMID: 31496895 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.4.8
    Background: Death resulting from the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a worldwide concern. This study is aimed at determining the overall median survival time, and the prognostic factors of mortality among AIDS-infected patients in North-East Peninsular Malaysia.

    Methods: In 2018, a retrospective cohort study stretching from January to April was conducted. This study involved a review of data obtained from the National AIDS Registry. A total of 1,073 AIDS cases diagnosed from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2014 were selected, and follow-up procedures were conducted until 31 March 2015 (a 3-month follow-up). The Kaplan-Meier plot and Cox's proportional hazard regression were used for data analyses.

    Results: 564 (52.5%) patients died due to AIDS, while the remaining 509 (47.4%) were censored. The overall median survival time was 11 months. The probability of survival in 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, 4-year and 5-year periods were 49.1%, 47.8%, 47.3%, 47.0% and 46.7%, respectively. Multiple Cox regression revealed that the significant prognostic factors were age 30-49 years [adjusted hazard ratio (Adj. HR) 1.57; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.16; P = 0.006], male (Adj. HR 1.39; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.79; P = 0.012), unemployed (Adj. HR 1.40; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.75; P = 0.003) and HIV-TB co-infection (Adj. HR 1.78; 95% CI: 1.37, 2.31; P < 0.001).

    Conclusion: The overall median survival time among AIDS patients in North-East Peninsular Malaysia was revealed to be short, in comparison to the other studies. The chances for survival can be improved with more emphasis on early detection (to ensure early treatment) and social support, particularly for HIV-TB co-infected patients, as well as for younger and unemployed patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  4. Yonese T
    Integration, 1994 Dec.
    PMID: 12319132
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome*
  5. Okamura T, Tsujimura Y, Soma S, Takahashi I, Matsuo K, Yasutomi Y
    J Gen Virol, 2016 Dec;97(12):3413-3426.
    PMID: 27902330 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000641
    Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection models in cynomolgus macaques are important for analysis of the pathogenesis of immunodeficiency virus and for studies on the efficacy of new vaccine candidates. However, very little is known about the pathogenesis of SIV or simian human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) in cynomolgus macaques from different Asian countries. In the present study, we analysed the infectivity and pathogenicity of CCR5-tropic SIVmac and those of dual-tropic SHIV89.6P inoculated into cynomolgus macaques in Indonesian, Malaysian or Philippine origin. The plasma viral loads in macaques infected with either SIVmac239 or SHIV89.6P were maintained at high levels. CD4+ T cell levels in macaques infected with SIVmac239 gradually decreased. All of the macaques infected with SHIV89.6P showed greatly reduced CD4+ T-cell numbers within 6 weeks of infection. Eight of the 11 macaques infected with SIVmac239 were killed due to AIDS symptoms after 2-4.5 years, while four of the five macaques infected with SHIV89.6P were killed due to AIDS symptoms after 1-3.5 years. We also analysed cynomolgus macaques infected intrarectally with repeated low, medium or high doses of SIVmac239, SIVmac251 or SHIV89.6P. Infection was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR at more than 5000, 300 and 500 TCID50 for SIVmac239, SIVmac251 and SHIV89.6P, respectively. The present study indicates that cynomolgus macaques of Asian origin are highly susceptible to SIVmac and SHIV infection by both intravenous and mucosal routes. These models will be useful for studies on virus pathogenesis, vaccination and therapeutics against human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/pathology; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology*
  6. Yasmin AM
    Med J Malaysia, 1997 Dec;52(4):311-2.
    PMID: 10968105
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology
  7. Yadav, M.
    MyJurnal
    Human Herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infections are ubiquitous in human populations with an antibody prevalence of 30-85 percent in normal adults. The virus in vivo infects T-lympho-cytes, at various stages of differentiation and is cytopathic to host cell during productive infection. In culture the virus is pleiotropic for several established cell lines including T and B lymphocytes, macrophages and neural cells. Primary viral infection occurs mostly in early childhood. The saliva is the primary source of infection. The infection remains clinically silent in majority but it establishes a lifelong latent presence. However, in about 30 percent of infants, probably a varient HHV-6, causes exanthem subitum (roseola infantum). If the primary infection of HHV-6 is delayed until adolescence it is accompanied by clinical manifestation of an Epstein-Barr virus like infectious mononucleosis in some individuals. Depressed host immune functions may reactivate the latent HHV-6 infection and further aggravation of the primary disease. Since the virus is cytopathic to the host cell the presence of HHV-6 in AIDS patients and other lympholiferative disorders may increase the severity and pathogenicity of the primary disease. Antibodies to the HHV-6 are enhanced in autoimmune disorders, chronic fatigue syndrome, progressive lymphoroliferative disorders and organ transplant patients on immunosuppressive drugs therapy. While considerable basic immunovirological information has been obtained in the last 4 years, large gaps in knowledge still exist on the biologic interaction of HHV-6 with the host.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  8. Wodak A
    Dev Bull, 2000 Jun.
    PMID: 12179449
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome*
  9. Shrestha R, Maviglia F, Altice FL, DiDomizio E, Khati A, Mistler C, et al.
    J Med Internet Res, 2022 Jul 25;24(7):e36917.
    PMID: 35877172 DOI: 10.2196/36917
    BACKGROUND: The growth in mobile technology access, utilization, and services holds great promise in facilitating HIV prevention efforts through mobile health (mHealth) interventions in Malaysia. Despite these promising trends, there is a dearth of evidence on the use of mHealth platforms that addresses HIV prevention among Malaysian men who have sex with men.

    OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to gain insight into (1) access and utilization of communication technology (eg, landline phone, internet, mobile phone), (2) acceptability of mHealth-based interventions for HIV prevention services, and (3) preferences regarding the format and frequency of mHealth interventions among Malaysian men who have sex with men.

    METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey with Malaysian men who have sex with men between July 2018 and March 2020. Participants were recruited using respondent-driven sampling in the Greater Kuala Lumpur region of Malaysia. We collected information on demographic characteristics, HIV risk-related behaviors, access to and the frequency of use of communication technology, and acceptability of using mHealth for HIV prevention using a self-administered questionnaire with a 5-point scale (1, never; 2, rarely; 3, sometimes; 4, often; 5, all the time).

    RESULTS: A total of 376 men participated in the survey. Almost all respondents owned or had access to a smartphone with internet access (368/376, 97.9%) and accessed the internet daily (373/376, 99.2%), mainly on a smartphone (334/376, 88.8%). Participants on average used smartphones primarily for social networking (mean 4.5, SD 0.8), followed by sending or receiving emails (mean 4.0, SD 1.0), and searching for health-related information (mean 3.5, SD 0.9). There was high acceptance of the use of mHealth for HIV prevention (mean 4.1, SD 1.5), including for receiving HIV prevention information (345/376, 91.8%), receiving medication reminders (336/376, 89.4%), screening and monitoring sexual activity (306/376, 81.4%) or illicit drug use (281/376, 74.7%), and monitoring drug cravings (280/376, 74.5%). Participants overwhelmingly preferred a smartphone app over other modalities (eg, text, phone call, email) for engaging in mHealth HIV prevention tools. Preference for app notifications ranged from 186/336 (53.9%), for receiving HIV prevention information, to 212/336 (69.3%), for screening and monitoring sexual activity. Acceptance of mHealth was higher for those who were university graduates (P=.003), living in a relationship with a partner (P=.04), engaged in sexualized drug use (P=.01), and engaged in receptive anal sex (P=.006).

    CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study provide support for developing and deploying mHealth strategies for HIV prevention using a smartphone app in men who have sex with men-a key population with suboptimal engagement in HIV prevention and treatment.

    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome*
  10. Robinson AJ, Waugh MA
    Genitourin Med, 1992 Apr;68(2):139-40.
    PMID: 1582659
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome*
  11. Wan Omar Abdullah
    MyJurnal
    Toxoplasmosis, caused by an intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, is widespread throughout the world. The disease is of major medical and veterinary importance, being a cause of congenital disease and abortion in humans and in domestic animals.[1] In addition, it has gained importance recently due to toxoplasma encephalitis in AIDS patients.[2] T. gondii was discovered 100 years ago. Its identification was rapidly followed by the recognition that it was a human pathogen. During the past 100 years, the spectrum of diseases caused by this ubiquitous pathogen has expanded to include both congenital and acute infections as well as the recognition of diseases caused by this pathogen in the immune-compromised host. Recent data on behavioural changes in animals due to chronic toxoplasmosis is leading to research on the effect of this pathogen on the behaviour of humans.[3] Experimental studies on T. gondii have resulted in it becoming a model organism for studies on host pathogen interactions. Integration of clinical and experimental data on T. gondii should continue to lead to important insights into improvements in diagnosis for clinical management and vaccine development for control of toxoplasmosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  12. Kho SS, Tie ST, Chan SK, Yong MC, Chai SL, Voon PJ
    Respirol Case Rep, 2017 May;5(3):e00221.
    PMID: 28250931 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.221
    Chylothorax is defined as the presence of chyle in the pleural cavity. Central vein thrombosis is an under-recognized cause of chylothorax in the adult population and is commonly related to central venous catheterization. Case 1 illustrates a patient with AIDS and disseminated tuberculosis with left chylothorax and central vein thrombosis after a month of antituberculosis therapy. Case 2 was a patient with advanced seminoma who presented with left chylothorax and central vein thrombosis while on chemotherapy. Chylothorax resolved with anticoagulation for both cases. Case 3 was a lymphoma patient with central vein thrombosis who developed chylothorax during chemotherapy. Chylothorax resolved with the continuation of anticoagulation and did not recur despite his progressive underlying lymphoma. There was no central venous catheterization in any of these three cases. These cases illustrate the unique association of central vein thrombosis and chylothorax and the importance of anticoagulation in its management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  13. Van Kerkwijk C
    AIDS Soc, 1992 Oct-Nov;4(1):6-7.
    PMID: 12286018
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome*
  14. Syaziah, I., Azura, S.S., Tzar, M.N.
    Medicine & Health, 2018;13(2):103-113.
    MyJurnal
    The AIDS epidemic in Southeast Asia has led to a marked rise in the incidence of talaromycosis (penicilliosis) marneffei. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the clinico-epidemiological features and outcome predictors of talaromycosis in Malaysia. We identified Talaromycosis marneffei cases from cultures of sterile specimens from 191 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- infected patients. Talaromycosis increased from 20-25 (2010-2011) to 45-50 cases per year (2012-2014). Talaromycosis was the HIV-presenting illness in 117 (61.3%) patients. The incidence of talaromycosis as HIV-presenting illness showed an increasing trend from 10.7 (2010) to 26.4 (2014) cases per 1000 new HIV patients. The patients were between 19 and 74 of age (mean 37.2+9.4 years) and the male to female ratio was 7.7:1. Malay (73, 38.2%) and Chinese (70, 36.3%) were the most prevalent ethnic groups. Common clinical manifestations included loss of weight (85.9%), fever (84.8%) and cough (67%), while skin lesions were only present in 42.9% cases. Common concurrent infections were oral candidiasis (79.6%), tuberculosis (36.1%) and hepatitis C infection (20.9%). Most patients (93.7%) were anaemic with mean haemoglobin level of 9.9+2.3 g/dL, 39% had impaired liver function, and 18.8% were neutropaenic. Median CD4 cell count was 16 cells/L. Most patients (70.4%) received intravenous amphotericin B followed by itraconazole. At 8-month follow up, 148 (81.8%) patients were alive while 33 (18.2%) had died. Intravenous drug abuse, concurrent toxoplasma encephalitis and concurrent Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia independently predicted death outcome in both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  15. Nor Fazirah Jamal, Zaw Lin, Zainal Arifin Mustafa, Ahmad Faris Abdullah, Naing Oo Tha, Nor Amalina Emran, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is the ninth leading cause of mortality in the world while it is the most prevalent infection which is ranked abolve HIV/AIDS. In Malaysia, tuberculosis is still a public health problem. Sabah State on Malaysian Borneo had 20-30% of total TB cases of the country. In Sabah, case notification rate of almost 200 per 100,000 population was still present in the last 10 years. Hotspots are defined as TB notification rate more than 100/100.000 in a district or TB notification rate more than 100/100,000 in the squatters’ area. In this study, cycle threshold (ct) values in GeneXpertMTB/RIF (Xpert) were tried to be correlated with growth in Mycobacterim growth indicator tubes (MGIT) by measurement of time to detection (TTD). Methods: Sputum samples from six hotspots of Kota Kinabalu were studied by Xpert as well as MGIT culture after processing of sputum samples. The correlation between Mean ct value of Xpert and TTD in MGIT was analysed by using IBM SPSS Statistic 25 and the statistical test used was Pearson Correlation test. Results: The results of Xpert indicated 35 of 204 sputum samples were pos-itive whereas only one sample was rifampicin resistant. The mean ct values were very low, low and medium in all the hotspots with sputum from one hotspot showed medium ct values predominantly. The sputum from remaining hotspots showed mainly very low and low ct values. MGIT results showed no growth in five samples with two very low, two low and one medium mean ct values. Conclusion: The finding indicated that there were correlations be-tween mean ct values of Xpert and TTD in MGIT with a few exceptions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  16. Abidin NFZ, Rahman FA, Tuck Choon K, Tilakaratne WM
    Head Neck Pathol, 2023 Sep;17(3):821-825.
    PMID: 37209302 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-023-01560-y
    BACKGROUND: EBV-associated smooth muscle tumors (EBV-SMTs) are rare and typically develop in individuals with a compromised immune system, particularly those who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or who have undergone organ transplants.

    METHODS: We document a case of EBV-SMT in an HIV-positive 25-year-old man. The lesion was incised and assessed histologically and a panel of immune markers were performed. EBV association was demonstrated by in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded RNA (EBER-ISH).

    RESULTS: Microscopically, the tumor composed of mildly pleomorphic, ovoid to spindled cells with numerous slit-like vascular channels. The tumor cells exhibited diffuse and strong immunoreactivity for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and focal positivity for h-caldesmon. EBER-ISH of the tumor cells revealed strong positive nuclear signals.

    CONCLUSION: The histopathological features of EBV-SMT do not conform to either benign or malignant SMTs and it has a peculiar predilection to develop at sites unusual for leiomyoma or leiomyosarcoma. The key diagnostic features of EBV-SMT include history of immunosuppression, histologic evidence of primitive and mildly pleomorphic cells maintaining blunt nuclear features in most areas, and positivity for EBER-ISH.

    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome*
  17. Boettiger DC, Muktiarti D, Kurniati N, Truong KH, Saghayam S, Ly PS, et al.
    Clin Infect Dis, 2016 Nov 01;63(9):1236-1244.
    PMID: 27470239
    BACKGROUND:  The growth benefits of cotrimoxazole during early antiretroviral therapy (ART) are not well characterized.

    METHODS:  Individuals enrolled in the Therapeutics Research, Education, and AIDS Training in Asia Pediatric HIV Observational Database were included if they started ART at ages 1 month-14 years and had both height and weight measurements available at ART initiation (baseline). Generalized estimating equations were used to identify factors associated with change in height-for-age z-score (HAZ), follow-up HAZ ≥ -2, change in weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), and follow-up WAZ ≥ -2.

    RESULTS:  A total of 3217 children were eligible for analysis. The adjusted mean change in HAZ among cotrimoxazole and non-cotrimoxazole users did not differ significantly over the first 24 months of ART. In children who were stunted (HAZ < -2) at baseline, cotrimoxazole use was not associated with a follow-up HAZ ≥ -2. The adjusted mean change in WAZ among children with a baseline CD4 percentage (CD4%) >25% became significantly different between cotrimoxazole and non-cotrimoxazole users after 6 months of ART and remained significant after 24 months (overall P < .01). Similar changes in WAZ were observed in those with a baseline CD4% between 10% and 24% (overall P < .01). Cotrimoxazole use was not associated with a significant difference in follow-up WAZ in children with a baseline CD4% <10%. In those underweight (WAZ < -2) at baseline, cotrimoxazole use was associated with a follow-up WAZ ≥ -2 (adjusted odds ratio, 1.70 vs not using cotrimoxazole [95% confidence interval, 1.28-2.25], P < .01). This association was driven by children with a baseline CD4% ≥10%.

    CONCLUSIONS:  Cotrimoxazole use is associated with benefits to WAZ but not HAZ during early ART in Asian children.

    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  18. Awi NJ, Teow SY
    J Pathog, 2018;2018:8724549.
    PMID: 29973995 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8724549
    Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases are on the rise globally. To date, there is still no effective measure to eradicate the causative agent, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is being used in HIV/AIDS management, but it results in long-term medication and has major drawbacks such as multiple side effects, high cost, and increasing the generation rate of escape mutants. In addition, HAART does not control HIV-related complications, and hence more medications and further management are required. With this, other alternatives are urgently needed. In the past, small-molecule inhibitors have shown potent antiviral effects, and some of them are now being evaluated in clinical trials. The challenges in developing these small molecules for clinical use include the off-target effect, poor stability, and low bioavailability. On the other hand, antibody-mediated therapy has emerged as an important therapeutic modality for anti-HIV therapeutics development. Many antiviral antibodies, namely, broad neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against multiple strains of HIV, have shown promising effects in vitro and in animal studies; further studies are ongoing in clinical trials to evaluate their uses in clinical applications. This short review aims to discuss the current development of therapeutic antibodies against HIV and the challenges in adopting them for clinical use.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  19. Lim, Kheng-Seang, Tan, Chong-Tin
    Neurology Asia, 2014;19(1):1-10.
    MyJurnal
    Stigma is conceptually broad and culturally variable. Understanding stigma from the conceptual theories, culturally application based on the word stigma in other languages, the definition of stigma and its synonyms, as well as the medical implications in other stigmatized disease such as AIDS, will help us to understand the complexity of stigma in epilepsy. This review investigated the meaning and types of stigma from different perspectives, leading to staging stigma into 5 levels, i.e. social identity, stereotype, prejudice, discrimination and social disability. In addition to the conventional categorization of stigma into social, felt, self-perceived or internalized stigma, new categories of stigma i.e. personal and general attitudes towards epilepsy based on a newly developed Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (PATE) scale was introduced. Courtesy stigma was further elaborated in related to Asian culture. Based on well-established and recently developed theories, the causation and impact of epilepsy stigma was discussed in an Asian context, especially from the aspects of language and society values which are culturally specific. Integrating these theories of causation, illness and stereotype perceptions were proposed to be the mediating mechanism of stigma, which led to the development of a practical and multi-dimensional stigmatization model, aiming to guide, widen and deepen the scope of future stigma research in epilepsy. Using the established model, together with review of related studies, research priorities in epilepsy stigma research especially in Asia focusing on five aspects, i.e. expanding population studies especially on significant others, understanding stigma from personal attitude perspective, investigating the cultural and social causation of stigma, and the impacts of stigma on patients as well as the family members, were proposed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  20. Osteria T, Sullivan G
    AIDS Educ Prev, 1991;3(2):133-46.
    PMID: 1873137
    This paper examines the impact of cultural values and government policies on the content of AIDS educational literature prepared by public health agencies in Malaysia and the Philippines. The literature from these countries, which has been distributed to the public and is intended to inform them of the danger of AIDS, how the HIV is and is not transmitted, and how to avoid infection, is analyzed and evaluated for effectiveness and congruence with the dominant religious tenets and cultural practices in each country, and attitudes to sexual behavior. The paper also describes the response of these countries to the AIDS pandemic, and concludes with suggestions about how this form of AIDS education can be improved.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control*
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